Surface Mining Environmental Monitoring and Reclamation Handbook

activities agencies air pollution alidade application aquifer archeological basin blastholes blasting borehole coal mining cracks damage depth determine developed discharge distance drainage drilling effects emission erosion evaluation explosive extensometer factors federal field Figure fish and wildlife flow fugitive dust gage geologic maps groundwater Historic Preservation hole horizontal hydrologic Illinois impacts land material maximum measured method mining operations monitoring program outcrop overburden panel particle permit plant postmining potential predictive premining reclamation record regulations regulatory authority Report result revegetation rock runoff sampling seismic seismic refraction seismograph simple random sampling slope soil sources specific spoil stations stream strike and dip structure surface mining surface runoff surface water techniques tion topsoil U.S. Bureau U.S. Department U.S. Environmental Protection U.S. Forest Service U.S. Geological Survey units values vegetation velocity vertical vibration water quality watershed