The 1999 İzmit and Düzce Earthquakes: Preliminary Results

17 August 1999 earthquake 1999 İzmit earthquake Adapazari Aegean aftershock Akyazi Ambraseys Anatolian Fault Zone August 17 Avcilar Barka Black Sea Crampin damage deformation depth displacement Duzce Düzce earthquake east eastern epicenter fault plane fault rupture fault segment fault trace Figure focal mechanisms Geological Geophys Gölcük hypocenters inversion Istanbul Izmit Bay Kandilli Observatory Karadere segment Karamürsel Kocaeli earthquake Lake Sapanca large earthquakes located magnitude mainshock mapped Marmara region Marmara Sea Marmara Sea region Mudurnu NAFZ normal faulting North Anatolian Fault northern November 12 observed occurred offset pull-apart basin recorded ridge right-lateral rupture process rupture zone Sakarya Sapanca Sea of Marmara seismic seismograms seismological shear shock shows slip distribution source time functions stations stepover stress drop strike-slip earthquakes strike-slip faults subevent surface faulting surface rupture Taymaz tectonic teleseismic trench Turkey earthquake velocity vertical waveforms western Yalova Yalova segment