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tailed for such service. It may be added that the disgust of the troops at this detail marked the beginning of the end for Abdul Hamid. The damning circumstance of the case, however, is that during the World War as well as in the Hamidian infamies all the crimes of the "irregulars" were not only condoned but approved and perhaps instigated and encouraged by the chief civil authorities. Señor Nogales makes this fact as plain and as emphatic as he does the non-participation of the regular army, and thus fixes culpability upon the Ottoman Government.

And this raises the consideration, perhaps the most suggestive of all in this fascinating and thought-inspiring volume, whether that ordered and enlightened discipline which is too often aspersed as "militarism" does not in fact often make for humanity as well as for peace. "He jests at scars that never felt a wound." Had some civilian politician been in control at Appomattox, would he have told the Southern soldiers to keep their horses, for "they would need them for the spring plowing"? Had the settlement of the World War been entrusted to the men who won the Marne and held Verdun, would the world have been cursed with the ineptitudes of the Treaty of Versailles? And by analogy, if the men who write history were more often the men who make history, should we not have in our history books more of the simple, direct and convincing truth?

WILLIS FLETCHER JOHNSON.

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NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW

SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER-NOVEMBER, 1926

UNCLE SHYLOCK LOOKS ABROAD
BY THE EDITOR

I. TO JOHN BULL

UNCLE SHYLOCK reports a rising barometer. Thus far the European "ill will" which in the early summer threatened to engulf his fair land in dire calamity, mental, moral, spiritual, financial and commercial, has not made a dent in his thick skin. Although, in consideration of all the circumstances, he did feel the title somewhat rasping at first, his sense of humor already enables him to accept it with a smile. After all, it is no more irritating than the "Hog" he was dubbed by contemptuous Spain not so long ago when he was paying her twenty million dollars for distant islands which he did not want as a gift and would pay twenty times twenty now to be well rid of. So long, too, as old John Bull can give a grunt of satisfaction at "Perfidious Albion," as implying a marvel in diplomacy, and Mlle. Marianne can regard the calling of her offspring "Froggies" as a tribute to her culinary art, there seems to be no real reason why Uncle Sam should balk at a term which does at any rate signify tacit admission of a debt.

Yes, indeed, Uncle Shylock is "quite all right," as they say in the Mother Country; "Sam" was well enough in our bucolic days but it really ceased to be apt when Dobbin succumbed to Ford and was gradually becoming as shopworn as the English Channel. The bald heads of Wall Street find it congenial naturally and the

Copyright, 1926, by North American Review Corporation. All rights reserved.

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bobbed heads of Broadway accept it as a tribute to their profession, possibly in remembrance of Portia, while Down East, we hear, they are beginning to name their twins Shy and Lock, irrespective of sex.

It is with no little gratification that we convey the pleasing information to the major Allies that their late-very late, as they sometimes bitingly remark-Associate is duly appreciative of their pretty compliment and will not fail to make use of both syllables if at any future time they should again seek gifts in the guise of loans for the purpose of waging war upon one another.

We hasten to add, however, that this observation does not apply to the splendid country that came forward promptly and voluntarily and made a settlement which then seemed to be eminently fair. Recent episodes have not impaired in the slightest degree the respect, admiration and genuine friendship won by sturdy old John Bull in squarely meeting his obligations quite regardless of the heavy burden necessarily imposed upon him. Indeed, so far as our folks are concerned, the clearing of the air afforded by silly departmental bickering has been helpfully enlightening. Naturally the sudden appearance of a brother of the deeply lamented and well beloved Northcliffe as a calumniator of the American people came as a surprise, though hardly as a shock, because of their own familiarity with blatant misrepresentatives of true public opinion; but it would be idle to deny that the somewhat caustic remarks of a leading member of the British Cabinet did, in fact, lend color to rumors that "ill will" toward the United States possessed England no less than the Continent.

Such a manifestation inevitably gave rise to real disquietude which, however, quickly faded from temporary resentment into mere passing contrition when the fact developed that the Chancellor's petulance found no small measure of justification in our own ineptitude.

The primary responsibility for the annoying performance clearly rests upon the ancestors of Frederick W. Peabody, Esq., counselor-at-law, of Ashburnham, Massachusetts, seven generations of whom on both his father's and his mother's sides, he freely admits, lived in this country "one hundred and fifty years

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