rete, the tarfinal d "For my part, I think we should be content with the puble restoration of region; and instead of q adversaries by a rigorous executice of the revived stater, I could wish that every Busstop his Eccese would try the more winning expedients of gentleness and persuasion.” Notwithstanding these humane sentiments, Poie had not the courage to oppose the severe measures advocated by Gardiner and Bonner, and the consequence was a commission issued, and signed by himself, to try and punish beretics according to the laws newly revived.

Bonner, upon the accession of Elizabeth, went with the rest of the Bishops to meet her at Highgate; but she looked upon him as a man stained with blood, and refused to notice him. He remained unmolested however for some months, until being summoned before the Privy-Council, May 30, 1559, he refused to take the oath of allegiance and supremacy; he was then deprived of his Bishoprick, and committed to the prison of the Marshalsea, he died in that prison, Sept. 5, 1569, and three days after was privately buried at midnight, in St. George's churchyard, Southwark, to prevent any riot among the citizens by whom he was cordially hated. Bonner was constitutionally cruel, and delighted in the sufferings he inflicted. Granger says that "Nature seems to have designed him for an executioner," and as wherever he could, he performed the character, it is extraordinary that so much lenity was shewn to him after his bloody career, considering how many families must have preserved the bitter remembrance of his cruelty !!

Dr. Storey one of the most violent of the commissioners, escaped to Holland at the accession of Elizabeth, and accepted a commission from the Duke of Alva to search for and destroy all heretical books, but going on board an English vessel at Antwerp for that purpose, he was apprehended and brought to England, where he was tried for high-treason, and was executed at Tyburn by being hanged, drawn and quartered.

ACCESSION OF QUEEN ELIZABETH.

Elizabeth mounted the throne amid an extravagance of approbation, flowing from the revived hopes of a people who had been long strangers to the regular protection of laws, and were the victims of so many varieties of despotism, civil and religious. She had been kept with strict watchfulness during Mary's reign, and, on vague suspicions of being privy to Wyat's rebellion, had been confined as a state prisoner both at Hampton-Court and the Tower of London. On the 13th of January 1559, she was crowned; as she passed through London, in great triumph, she received all the expressions of joy from her people, with so much sweetness, that she gained as much favour as her sister had inspired disgust by her sourness. complete re-establishment of the reformed religion, was managed with great moderation. By act of Parliament, the Book of Common Prayer was revised and set up again; a new translation of the Bible was commenced, and the whole revision finished and published within three years. The English

The

people were extremely happy during the reign of Elizabeth; she was excommunicated by Pope Pius V. and the courts of Rome and Spain gave some annoyance to her government, but she triumphed over them all, dying on the 24th of March 1603, in the 70th year of her age, and 45th of her reign.

CONCLUSION.

As the blood of the Martyrs sacrificed in this reign has been ever considered as finally establishing the Protestant Religion, and as undoubtedly it is to their noble stedfastness that we are indebted for the civil and religious liberty we have since enjoyed, it will not be improper here to present to the reader the following historical facts connected with the Roman Catholic faith and the periods at which innovations have been introduced; which will at once show the cause of the secession of many of those Martyrs from the religion in which they had been bred, and prove the fallacy of the assertion of many Roman Catholic Writers, that the tenets of their faith have been held by the Christian Church from the very earliest period.

The first innovation on record, took place in the third century, when oblations began to be offered for the dead, and the Sacraments began to be changed from the primitive form in which they had been administered.

In the fourth century, Syricius Bishop of Rome, began to oppose the marriage of the Clergy; but this innovation did not finally prevail for several centuries.

In the fifth century, pictures and images were introduced.

In the sixth century, the Lord's Supper was turned into a sacrifice, and mass was performed as beneficial for the living and the dead. The clergy were partially exempted from civil jurisdiction; and Boniface III. Bishop of Rome, assumed the title of universal Bishop under the Emperor Phocas, and claimed a supremacy over other Bishops, which had not previously been allowed.

In the seventh century Boniface IV. commanded the Virgin Mary and the Saints to be worshipped in the Pantheon at Rome. Divine Service was ordered to be performed exclusively in the Latin tongue; saints were invoked in the public prayers, and the doctrine of purgatory made further progress.

In the eighth century, certain meats were forbidden to be eaten, the worship of images was confirmed by the council of Nice; pilgrimages were enjoined, and many new saints were canonized.

In the ninth century, the effect of these innovations, produced corresponding ignorance and superstition. Cardinal Bellarmin says, "there never was an age more unlearned and more unhappy."

In the tenth century the doctrine of transubstantiation was first advanced.

In the eleventh century Gregory VII. raised the Papal power above all temporal monarchs. He assumed to himself ex

clusively by an order in Council the title of Pope.* Purgatory and Transubstantiation were more firmly maintained, relics, beads and pretended miracles, abounded.

In the twelfth century, monarchs were dethroned and treated contemptuously by the Popes.

In the thirteenth century, the scriptures were set aside, the cup was denied to the laity, auricular confession of sins to the priest was enjoined, and his absolution was accounted necessary to salvation. The council of Lateran ordered Transubstantiation to be received as an article of faith. The Franciscan and Dominican orders of monks, were established, and the Inquisition by which even parents were compelled to accuse their children if suspected of heresy. The Albigenses and Waldenses were destroyed by thousands, for opposing the errors of the church of Rome. Boniface VIII. established the first jubilee at Rome A. D. 1300 and declared that Heaven would grant a remission of sins to all who should come to Rome, and attend the ceremonies there to be performed, which he had invented and which was not to occur again for one hundred years. This caused a large quantity of money to be circulated in the Pope's dominions, wherefore Clement VI. shortened the period to 50 years, the second jubilee taking place in 1350. Sixtus V. again shortened the period, and since his time there

* The word Pope is derived from the Greek word Паππаç, the infantine prattle for father in most countries; it is also called an abridgement of the words Pater Patrum, Father of Fathers, or Bishop of Bishops; it was a title assumed by all bishops until the time of Gregory VII.