The Laws of Thermodynamics: A Very Short IntroductionCUP Archive, 25 Mar 2010 - 120 sayfa The laws of thermodynamics drive everything that happens in the universe. From the sudden expansion of a cloud of gas to the cooling of hot metal--everything is moved or restrained by four simple laws. Written by Peter Atkins, one of the world's leading authorities on thermodynamics, this powerful and compact introduction explains what these four laws are and how they work, using accessible language and virtually no mathematics. Guiding the reader a step at a time, Atkins begins with Zeroth (so named because the first two laws were well established before scientists realized that a third law, relating to temperature, should precede them--hence the jocular name zeroth), and proceeds through the First, Second, and Third Laws, offering a clear account of concepts such as the availability of work and the conservation of energy. Atkins ranges from the fascinating theory of entropy (revealing how its unstoppable rise constitutes the engine of the universe), through the concept of free energy, and to the brink, and then beyond the brink, of absolute zero. About the Series: Combining authority with wit, accessibility, and style, Very Short Introductions offer an introduction to some of life's most interesting topics. Written by experts for the newcomer, they demonstrate the finest contemporary thinking about the central problems and issues in hundreds of key topics, from philosophy to Freud, quantum theory to Islam. |
İçindekiler
FUNCTIONS OF TWO VARIABLES SECT PAGE 1 Introductory | 1 |
Perfect differentials | 2 |
Mdx+Ndy when not a perfect differential | 6 |
THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 6 Measurement of heat | 8 |
Temperature | 9 |
The first law of thermodynamics | 10 |
The energy equation | 12 |
Combustion of fuel | 13 |
Example of apparatus for transferring heat | 34 |
Carnots engine | 35 |
Carnot cycle | 38 |
Thermodynamic scale of temperature | 39 |
Any reversible process | 40 |
Historical note | 42 |
ENTROPY SECT PAGE 27 Definition of entropy | 45 |
Irreversible processes | 46 |
Internal combustion engine | 14 |
Continuous reversible processes | 15 |
Adiabatic processes | 18 |
Fluid working substance | 19 |
PARTICULAR TYPES OF SUBSTANCE 15 A vapour and its liquid | 21 |
Superheated vapour | 23 |
Throttled vapour | 25 |
Perfect gas | 27 |
THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 20 Introductory | 33 |
Equations for reversible processes | 49 |
A vapour and its liquid | 50 |
Cycle with irreversible step | 54 |
Thermodynamic relations | 55 |
Characteristic equations and specific heats | 57 |
Electromotive force of a storage battery | 60 |
ENTROPY OF A SYSTEM 35 Entropy of a system | 64 |
Availability of heat | 66 |
ANY NUMBER OF INDEPENDENT VARIABLES 37 Generalisation of the theory | 69 |
Diğer baskılar - Tümünü görüntüle
Sık kullanılan terimler ve kelime öbekleri
adiabatic lines adiabatic process Apdv area enclosed axis body calculated calorific value Carnot cycle Carnot engine characteristic equation circuit combustion compression constant pressure process constant volume curve cylinder defined denoted depends diagram efficiency electromotive force energy equation entropy equal evaporation expressed fluid fuel function gases given process given substance given temperature heat at constant heat received increase independent variables infinitesimal integral internal energy irreversible step isothermal lines isothermal process kinetic energy law of thermodynamics liquid lower temperature Mdx+Ndy negative number of independent obtained perature perfect differential perfect gas quantity of heat reckoned represented reversible adiabatic process reversible engine reversible process rise of temperature route saturated vapour second law shewn shews specific heat specific volume substance receives heat t₁ t₂ theory thermal unit thermodynamic relations thermodynamic scale transfer of heat undergoes unit mass wet vapour
