contributed by my friend Clements R. Markham, C.B., F.R.S., F.S.A., to the Yorkshire Archaological Journal, which has been reprinted in a separate form. One thing is, however, needed a plan of the battle-field-and this is supplied in Visits to Fields of Battle,' by Richard Brooke, Esq., F.S.A. I have paid five visits to Towton-in 1864, 1869, 1870, 1871, and 1880-carefully going over the ground and identifying the positions occupied by the rival forces. That of the Lancastrians was one of imminent danger in case of defeat, as they had in their rear the rivers Cock and Wharfe. Mr. Markham thus graphically describes the situation of Lead Hall and Chapel, the latter of which he rightly considers to have been the burial place of the ancient family of Tyeys, or Tyas, who styled themselves in Latin Teutonicus, and received a grant of free warren at Lede, or Lead, in 1267: "In a large meadow on the left bank of Cock beck, about half a mile west of Saxton Church, there stands a lonely little chapel, which is often, but erroneously, said to be on the battle-field, and to have been erected as a memorial of the slain. On the right bank of the stream, by the road side, stands the Crooked Billet' public house, where the key of the chapel is kept. Crossing by a wooden bridge, a road leads to a stone farmhouse called Lead Hall. The chapel stands quite by itself in a large meadow, with a solitary tree of great age, with huge gnarled trunk, on the south side. Lead Chapel' is built of stone, with stone roof and belfry and buttresses at the angles. It is about 30 ft. long by 13 ft., a plain little edifice, with round-arched doorway at the west end of the south wall, double-lighted windows with pointed arches at the east and west ends, and squareheaded windows, opposite to each other, on the north and south walls. The very mean interior fittings appear to have been supplied when the chapel was repaired in 1784. In the aisle before the communion table there are four long slabs, wider at one end than at the other, with inscriptions round the sides of three of them :"1. Hic Jacet Nobilis Domia Marcobia Cujus Anime Propicietur Deus. "2. Hic Jacet Nobilis Miles Baldwinvs Teotonicus Anime Propicietur Deus Amen. "3. Priez Par L'Aime Franconis Tieis Ki Ici Gist Chevalier." JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. The Stanford Dictionary of Anglicised Words and Phrases. By C. A. M. Fennell, D.Litt. (Cambridge, University Press.) THAT the Stanford Dictionary' was in active preparation had long been known to scholars. Its appearance at so comparatively early a date is something of a surprise. To repeat the story of the conditions under which the work was begun and executed is to tell afresh a twice-told tale. Upon the death of the late J. F. Stanford he bequeathed to the University of Cambridge his own collections towards a dictionary of Anglicized words and phrases, and a sum of 5,000l. to be expended in the formation of the dictionary. The bequest was accepted, and ten years later the work saw the light. To more competent hands the task of preparing such a work could scarcely have been confided. Dr. Fennell is himself an eminent and a trustworthy authority, and the committee appointed by the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press to collaborate with and advise him consisted of the Rev. W. W. Skeat, Mr. W. Aldis Wright, the Rev. Prof. J. E. Mayor, Prof. R. L. Bensley, and Dr. J. B. Postgate. The result of the combined labours of these and many other ladies and gentlemen, most of them familiar to readers of N. & Q., is the appearance of a volume which forms an admirable and indispensable supplement to all dictionaries. In using the best and most exhaustive dictionaries extant the reader is constantly annoyed by finding that the precise word of which he is in search is not given. With all the assistance to scholars furnished by M. Littré, readers of French complain habitually that the word they seek is not supplied. It is either a word of argot, or it is a foreigner domiciled, but not naturalized in France. We in England stand at length by side with the gigantic undertaking of Dr. J. A. H. a chance of having every word rendered accessible. Side Murray and his assistants the editor of the 'Stanford Dictionary' has been working, and the complement to their joint labours is being furnished in the new slang dictionary of Messrs. Farmer and Henley. Neither the least essential nor the least interesting of the three works which are necessary to furnish a lexicon of all English speech is the undertaking now happily concluded. Criticism of this is pretty sure to follow in 'N. & Q.' Our present purpose scarcely extends beyond announcement and explanation. A work such as this is never complete as it first appears. Search will reveal words that will have to be incorporated in following editions, and the mere lapse of time-since in language, at least, there is no finality-will bring with it the need for further extension. Handsome and goodly as the volume is, there are indefatigable students who will at once interleave it and proceed to add to its stores. Our own observation proves that it is surprisingly ample in information. In theatrical terms, in which it claims to be specially full, we note an omission. The word saynète, applied to a short light piece of the bouffe character, is now familiar in Paris, and has within the last year or two been domesticated in England. Among wines, Montepulciano might be mentioned, with a quotation from Bon Gaultier; and if androgyne finds admission, we fail to see why epicene should be left out in the cold. Other words might be mentioned the claims of which appear strong. We do not doubt, however, that most, if not all, have been tried on their merits, and we must leave to the committee of selection the task of deciding. As is the case with all the best modern dictionary work, the history of the word is furnished in the order of the quotations. One thus sees that panorama came in, as might have been supposed, with the beginning of the century, while hure, as representing the head of a wild boar or salmon, though used by earliest writers, has been employed by Thackeray. Among its multifarious uses the book is a dictionary of classical quotations, and, indeed, of quotations in other languages. "Se non vero," &c., thus appears, though the even more familiar "moult tristement," attributed to Froissart, we fail to trace. Yet one more point of advantage is there. Reference to this dictionary will relieve N. & Q.' of a considerable percentage of the questions which recur with irritating frequency. Meanwhile, to give the work its due praise, it is one which every library, club, and similar institution is bound to possess, and one. moreover, which no scholar or student will ever be without. Exceptionally well informed is the man who does not find on nearly every page some word with the origin, history, or significance of which he was not familiar. To the man with whom philological study is an occupation, a devotion, or a passion nothing whatever need be said. Our space is too limited to permit of our supplying an account of the method adopted. We content ourselves with the statement that there are over eight hundred double-columned quarto pages, and that the whole constitutes delightful reading, and has more picturesqueness, variety, information, and interest than almost any book we can name. excellent. It is high time that their good qualities were brought forward. The religious movements of the last half century have led too many of us to make unjust estimates of a class of men which contained many very worthy members. Their shortcomings were numerous and some of their prejudices grotesque; but will their successors who are our own contemporaries fare better when judged by the standards of our grandchildren? Kindliness was a distinctive mark of the old race of parsons. They, many of them, had a bitter and unreasoning hatred of Roman Catholics and Nonconformists, but this was far more a social than a religious prejudice. Per Lineam Valli: a New Argument Touching the Earthen Rampart between Tyne and Solway. By George Neilson. (Glasgow, Hodge & Co.) THE July number of the Asiatic Quarterly Review THE accomplished author of Trial by Combat,' a work (Oriental Institute, Woking), besides other interesting which has already attained high rank in our small library matter, contains the first part of what promises to be an of legal antiquities, has turned his attention to a questionable defence of the new Japanese Constitution, by Mr. which has troubled some of the most noteworthy of our F. T. Piggott, lately legal adviser to the Imperial Cabinet; Northern antiquaries. The Roman wall has received more a pleasant sketch of An Indian Rajah at Home,' by attention, we have heard it said, than any other military the Rev. J. P. Val d'Eremao; and a brief paper on work which the great Mistress of the World has left to European Interests in Africa,' by our correspondent Mr. us. Much as has been done, there are still unsettled points C. H. E. Carmichael; also 'Some Further Notes on the with regard to this stately fortification which have yet to existence of Dwarf Tribes South of Mount Atlas,' by be cleared up. The most important of these is, What Mr. R. G. Haliburton, a well-known specialist on this were the uses of the earthen rampart; at what time, subject. relatively to the date of the wall, was it constructed? Mr. Neilson, who has carefully gone over the whole of the ground, is of opinion that it was a temporary work, made for the sake of protecting the builders of the wall and the quarrymen who supplied them with the stone for building. He makes out a very strong case. So strong is it in his pages that we are much inclined to accept his theory. It is, however, for obvious reasons, imprudent for any one to give a positive opinion until he has once more examined the rampart with Mr. Neilson's arguments in his mind. A great work, even if we be quite familiar with it, has a widely different appearance before and after we have read any new series of arguments as to its construction. The Old and the New English Country Life. By T. E. THIS is a bright and poetical little volume, where political The chapter on the old-fashioned country clergy is THE general secretary of the Organizing Committee of the International Congress of Orientalists, Lisbon, has telegraphed to Dr. Leitner, delegate-general in England, that the session which was to have opened on the 23rd inst. is postponed till September, 1893, by order of the Government, on account of the precautions which have to be taken against the cholera. At the same time, M. Cordeiro authorizes Dr. Leitner to continue to receive Committee in Lisbon. Among papers recently sent to adhesions and papers for transmission to the Organizing Lisbon likely to give rise to discussion in the Congress may be mentioned one intended for the section of Anthropology, on Anthropology and Early Society in East and West,' by Mr. C. H. E. Carmichael, M.A. LORD CHARLES BRUCE, who has made a study of the contents of the Althorp Library, has written an account of the most important books in the collection. This will shortly be published in a volume of some three hundred pages quarto, with numerous illustrations and facsimiles, under the title Treasures of the Althorp Library.' The publisher will be Mr. Elliot Stock. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, To secure insertion of communications correspondents or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate." CORRIGENDUM.-P. 237, col, 2, 1, 18 from bottom, for "Guardian" read Post. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to" The Editor of Notes and Queries ""-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. IMPORTANT to those interested in FAMILY HISTORY.-Mr. G. MARSHALL takes Extracts from the Wills at Somerset House at the rate of Sixpence a Folio of Seventy-two Words. Calendars free if date of death is known. 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They quietly but certainly overcome all obstructiona tending to produce ill health, and institute regular actions in organs that are faulty from derangement or debility. The dyspeptic, weak, and nervous may rely on these Pills as their best friends and comforters. They improve the appetite and thoroughly invigorate the digestive apparatus. Holloway's Pills have long been known to be the surest preventives of liver complaints, dreadful dropsies, spasms, colic, constipation, and many other diseases always hovering round the feeble and infirm. LONDON: 12, ST. BRIDE STREET, LUDGATE CIRCUS, E.C. Printed by JOHN C FRANCIS, Athenæum Press. Bream's-buildings. Chancery-lane, E.C.; and Published by the said THE POSTHUMOUS WORKS OF THOMAS DE QUINCEY. Edited, with Introduction and Notes from the Author's Original MSS., by ALEXANDER H. JAPP, LL.D. F.K.S.E., &c. Vol. I. SUSPIRIA DE PROFUNDIS. With Other Essays. Times.-"Here we have De Quincey at his best. 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