LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 30, 1892. CONTENTS.-N° 31. NOTES:-Innsbrück-Hofkirche, 81- Dictionary of National Biography,' 82-Lincolnshire Field-names-Henry VIII.' -Summer Castle, 83-Kitcat-Yew Tree-Dante-A Lost Word-St. Augustine on the Sea Shore, 84-Gas-"A hair of the dog that bit you" "-Chicket-Wm. Kiffen-" Our enemies will tell us," &c.- Malbrough,' 85-Clock Folklore-Anson's 'Voyage,' 86-Firmamens, 87. QUERIES:-Cousiny-Eylebourn-"Pirie's Chair"-Matriculation at Cambridge Barbour's Bruce,' 87-Monmouth's Rebellion-Cerveng Carving at St. Stephen's Quaker Powells-Dyce's Picture of Geo. Herbert-Queen Marie Christine-Southern Regiment of Fencibles-Names of Bells-Lovel Family-Hannah Snell, 88-Milton's 'L'Allegro-Smythe-Anne Boleyn - Picture of the Holy Trinity-Salisbury Burial Entry-Lines from Donne 'Christmas Carol'-Authors Wanted, 89. REPLIES:-Royal Families of Europe-Shakspeare and Newton, 90-Villa: Sims-Sampler-Nares, 91-Panjandrum-Mackintoshes-The Middle Kingdom,' 92-Gen. Wynyard-Eggs in Salt-A Bet Hand, 93-"Lost Books" -Lancashire Pedigrees-Admiral W. Bligh-Shot-Little Dorrit'-Lincoln's Inn Gateway-Clan Chattan-PagetRoraima, 94-Stockfish-Mumbo Jumbo, 95- Personal Names-Literary Treasures, 96-Couple: Warp-Library in St. Mary's Church, Stamford-" Durum et durum non faciunt murum"- Superstitions about Drowning-Captain-Lieutenant, 97-Deciduous Trees-Misapplied Pro: verbs - Hurlingham - Orange: Orangeman -Peacocks' Eggs-Lincolnshire Songs. 98-Authors Wanted, 99. NOTES ON BOOKS: -Cowper's Canterbury Marriage Licences'-Furness's Variorum Shakespeare,' Vol. IX.Inderwick's Story of King Edward '-Todd's 'Mediaval cottish Poetry.' Notices to Correspondents. Notes. INNSBRUCK-HOFKIRCHE. Most travelled readers of N. & Q.' are acquainted with the famous Hofkirche at Innsbrück, and with the monument which it contains to the Emperor Maximilian I., surrounded by his twenty-eight mourners and torch-bearers. These bronze statues are the wonder and admiration of every visitor, and the English are especially attracted by the figure of the young and handsome knight dressed in the armour of the early part of the sixteenth century, with the inscription beneath it of "Artur Konig v. England." This figure is attributed to the famous Peter Vischer, of Nuremberg, and was cast in 1513. The generally received opinion with regard to this well-known statue is that it represents the King Arthur of legendary fame-the hero of the Round Table-and with that idea visitors as a rule depart satisfied. One or two may think the armour he wears rather inconsistent with the period in which he lived, but trouble themselves no further about the matter. had a good look at Arthur, and it at once occurred to me, for several reasons, that "Konig Artur von England" was not meant for King Arthur of Caerleon at all. In the first place, there never was such a person as Arthur, King of England," as King of England, rightly so called, existed before the days of Egbert, and we have had no king of that name in England since. Secondly, this Arthur, like most of the warlike figures near him, bears a shield on which are engraved the arms of England and France quarterly-arms which Arthur of the Round Table certainly never bore, and which I imagine no one in 1513 would have thought of ascribing to himthe heraldry on the surrounding shields being accurately and carefully depicted. Near the statue of this young knight stand the figures of Ferdinand V., King of Spain, of his daughter Joanna, Queen of Castile, and of Philip, King of Castile and Archduke of Austria, her husband, the son and heir of Maximilian, but whom he did not succeed, as he died before his father. Then I began to consider who was this mysterious King Arthur. Was he a "King" Arthur at all; or was he meant for Arthur, Prince of Wales; Prince, but not King" of England, the son-inlaw of Ferdinand of Spain, the brother-in-law of Queen Joanna, and of her husband Philip I. of Spain, the son of Maximilian aforesaid? If so, the arms on the shield were explained; they were exactly what Prince Arthur (the son of King Henry VII. and elder brother of King Henry VIII.) bore, save and excepting that he carried France and England quarterly (instead of England and France), and that he used the label of three points argent as Prince of Wales, which the sculptor probably did not understand. With this idea upon the subject everything became clear. If Vischer's young knight was intended for Prince, not King Arthur, his armour and the arms on his shield (allowing for the slight mistake in the latter which a foreign sculptor was not unlikely to make), to say nothing of the collar of the Golden Fleece which he wears, at once became appropriate. Through his wife, Catherine of Aragon, Arthur was the only English prince connected with Maximilian, and what more likely, therefore, than that he should have been selected to form one of the group of friends and relations surrounding the great emperor's monumental shrine ? But how about the "Konig," which he is distinctly called? After a little more consideration, even this ceased to be a serious difficulty. I first visited the church in the spring of 1885, Maximilian himself during his father's lifetime but had not then time for more than a cursory was styled "King" of the Romans. Ten out of glance round; and though I was puzzled by the the twenty-eight statues bear no name or descripappearance of the British monarch, did not question whatever, although it is perfectly well known tion his identity. I have recently visited the church again, and for whom they are intended, and the titles of the other eighteen are more or less vague and unde 82 fined. Theodobert, Duke of Burgundy, is called "Konig," and so is the Emperor Albert II. This may be no new discovery; but I should be glad to know if any of your readers have arrived at the same conclusion. H. MURRAY LANE, Chester Herald. 'DICTIONARY OF NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY' (See 6th S. xi. 105, 443; xii. 321; 7th S. i. 25, 82, 342, Vol. XXX. P. 5a. Benj. Johnson. See Guardian, Nos. 82, 95. P. 16 a. For "Ricard's Castle" read Richard's Castle. P. 216 a. William Jowett was nephew of Dr. Joseph Jowett. He also wrote 'Christian Visitor,' 1838; Pastoral Visitation,' 1844, 1848. 'Life of Josiah Pratt,' 1849, pp. 10, 172, 452, &c. P. 228. Junius. See Owen's 'Epigrams,' 3rd coll. i. 40. P. 242 b. A. Kauffmann. See Mathias, P. of L.,' 67; 'N. & Q.,' 8th S. i. "Directions to the P. 254 b. Benj. Keach. readers of Keach's War with the Devil, by J. P. 19. John Johnson, died 1804. See 'Life of Mason, of Fordham, Camb.," 1676; account of Lady Huntingdon,' ii. 272, 347. P. 23 a. For "Virtue" read Vertue. P. 48 a. "He lived......and at last died." P. 48 a. Thomas Johnson's 'Greek Epigrams' reached a fourth edition 1712. P. 56 b. Archibald Johnston. Treaty,' Camd. Soc., p. 4. See 'Ripon P. 67 b. For "Ufflete" read Usflete. P. 146 a., 1. 15. ings). "Transactions" (? Proceed P. 156 a. For "Faulkener " read Faulkner. P. 162 a., 1. 3. For "antiquarians" read antiquaries. See Smales's Whitby Authors.' P. 168a., 1. 32. For "Paintings "read Portraits. P. 169 a. Thomas Jones. Notes of his sermons, edited by J. Owen, 1851; 'Sermons,' by Morgan Lloyd, transl. by Jones, 1832. P. 172 b. Sir Wm. Jones, died 1682. Patrick's Autob.,' 51, 54, 97, 167. See P. 176 b. Sir Wm. Jones. Mathias, 'P. of L.,' 448. P. 178 a. William Jones's Book of Nature,' ed. 5, S.P.C.K., 1803. He wrote a pref. for a new ed. of Leslie's 'Short Method,' S.P.C.K., 1799. P. 181 a. For "Dagman " read Dayman. P. 186 a. Ben Jonson. See verses prefixed to Browne's Brit. Past.'; Randolph's 'Poems,' 1668, pp. 17, 56, 76; Waller's 'Poems,' 1694, p. 141. P. 191 a. Ben Jonson's 'Poems' were also edited by Robert Bell. P. 202. Dr. Jortin helped Bishop Newton in his 'Milton' and 'Prophecies.' his trial, printed separately, and in 'State Trials,' 1720; Tropologia, repr. 1858; 'Gospel Mysteries,' 1815. P. 255 a. Travels of True Godliness,' with life by H. Malcolm, 1831; 'Progress of Sin,' 1817. P. 311 a. Keill. See life of Leibnitz in 'Theodicée,' 1760, i. 162, 205–223. P. 341 a. Kellawe's coffin, Archæologia, xlv. 393. P. 342. Edward Kellett. See 'N. & Q.,' 1st S. v. 458, 519; 7th S. iii. 205; after "proditionis add " svæ"; "1635" should be 1633. P. 343 b. For" Appolonius" read Apollonius. P. 377. Kemble. Mathias, P. of L.,' 154; Gifford's 'Baviad,' 1827, p. 55. P. 380 b. On the ancestors of the Kembles, see Nicholls's Personalities of Dean Forest,' 1863, p. 83. P. 388. Card. Kemp. See Yorksh. Arch. Jour., iv. 272. P. 402 b. Bp. Ken. See Free-Thinker, 1718, No. 31; Col. Gardiner sang his hymns, Doddridge, 1778, p. 99; a selection from his poems was printed by T. Combe, Leicester. P. 411 b. Dr. Kenealy. See Olphar Hamst's 'Handb. Fict. Names,' 189. P. 422 a. Kennedy's 'Conversations with Lord Byron,' repr. Philadelphia, 1833. See 'N. & Q.,' 7h S. i. 42; ii. 143. Pp. 427, 428. Dr. John Kennedy. See Stukeley's P. 437 b. For "Willemont " read Willement. Vol. XXVI. P. 140 a. The wife of Col. David Hepburn was Bethia Graham, of Damside, but of the family of Inchbrakie. His father was James Hepburn, of MACROBERT. Congalton, Rickarton, and Keith-Marischal, by paternal descent Congalton. LINCOLNSHIRE FIELD-NAMES. The following lists of Lincolnshire names of fields and enclosures may be of interest to some of the readers of N. & Q.': Lincolnshire Field-names gathered from Records. Bacconhill, Redburne, 1346 (query, Beacon Hill). Blackethorndyk, Hibaldstowe, temp. Henry II. Blackthorn, Redburne, 1346. Braythings, North Elkington, 1289. Burden Mare Gate, North Elkington, 1289. Claydayles, Redburn, 1346. Cott Grange, South Elkington, 8 Jac. I. Couplond, Hibaldstowe, temp. Hen. II. Glebegalt, near Skegness, 5 Edw. VI.-It has been Kerfurlanges, Hibaldstowe, 1423. King's Croft, Elkington, 5 Edw. VI. Margate, North Elkington, 1412. Scalebeckyll, Elkington (?), 1412. Scotter Gate Dale, Hibaldstowe, 20 Eliz. Whitechawmber, Hibaldstowe, 13 Hen. VI. colnshire. sumptuous manner in which he has staged Henry VIII.,' but the following extract from Villiers's Rehearsal' shows that even in 1671 this play had the reputation of being magnificently and pompously mounted : Bayes. "Now, Gentlemen I will be bold to say, I'l shew you the greatest scene that ever England saw; I mean not for words, for those I do not value; but for state, shew, and magnificence. In fine, I'l justifie it to be as grand to the eye every whit, I gad, as that great scene in Harry the Eight, and grander too I gad; for instead of two Bishops, I have brought in two other Cardinals."The Rehearsal,' by George Villiers, Arber's reprint, p. 111. The original representation must have been designed by both stage manager and dramatist as a solemn and grand spectacular display, for it is heralded as such by the Prologue : Those that come to see Only a show or two, and so agree Dublin. 'Henry VIII.,' Prologue. W. A. HENDERSON. Modern Field-names, Redburne, ne ir Kirton-in-Lindsey. I think, however, there can be no doubt that the Baalam Plat, copier was perfectly right. Summer castle is a known term. In Wyntonn's Cronykil' (book ix. chap. xi.) we find it applied to the royal seat (doubtless a wooden pavilion) of Richard II. and his queen in 1390 in which they witnessed the famous and fierce tilting match between Sir David Lindsey and Lord Wells: The Kyng in his swmyr castelle That all this jowrné sene had welle. Doubtless the "somer castyll" of the ship was a kind of first-class cabin of its time. The context shows plainly that it stood above the deck. Pictures of fifteenth century ships show such structures (e.g., see Gardiner's 'Student's History of England,' i. p. 339) distinctly castle-like. GEO. NEILSON. Glasgow. "Meant for fower, fore, but written wrongly by the copier."-Mr. Loftie's note, KITCAT. Various derivations have been assigned to the name of this club. I copy a cutting from the Morning Post of July 17, 1888: "Kitcat. On the 11th inst., at 10, St. Andrew's Square, Surbiton, Ethel Gertrude, eldest daughter of James Butler and Jane Kitcat, in her twenty-third year." WILLIAM FRASER of Ledeclune Bt. A VENERABLE YEW TREE.-The following is a cutting from the News of July 8 : "In the churchyard at Darley Dale is the most venerable yew tree in the world. Many authorities claim for it a fabulous age, making it as much as three thousand years old. It is thirty-three feet in girth, but its trunk has suffered not a little from the modern Goths and Vandals who have carved their names in the bark, and employed other methods of mutilation. The tree is now fenced round to save it from further insult; and 'whatever may be its precise age,' says the Rev. Dr. John Charles Cox, there can be little doubt that this grand old tree has given shelter to the early Britons when planning the construction of the dwellings that they erected not many yards to the west of its trunk; to the Romans who built up the funeral pyre for their slain comrades just clear of its branches; to the Saxons, converted, perchance, to the true faith by the preaching of Bishop Diuma beneath its pleasant shade; to the Norman masons chiselling their quaint sculptures to form the first stone house of prayer erected in its vicinity; and to the host of Christian worshippers who, from that day to this, have been borne under its hoary limbs in women's arms to the baptismal font, and then on men's shoulders to their last sleeping-place in the soil that gave it birth." CELER ET AUDAX. a "wether" or "gelded sheep," should not be found in English, especially as it exists in Dutch and Frisian in the form hamel. It seems, however, to have been an Anglo-Saxon word, as is indicated by the place-name Hambledon, in Hampshire, which appears in a charter of 1049 as Hamala-dun (C.D., No. 786), where hamala would be the genitive plural of hamal, a wether. Not to there are four places called Hambleton, besides a mention the Hamiltons, which may be doubtful, Hambleden in Bucks, which is probably the Hamalanden of a charter (C.D., No. 722), where then may be euphonic. From the A.-S. hamelian, to cut or mutilate, comes the obsoleté English word to hamble, with the same meaning, and we still speak of hamling or mutilating the feet of dogs to prevent them from hunting. This O.-E. word hamal has been replaced by the synonym hog, which in the North of England is applied to geldings, lambs as well as pigs. Though the word hog does not occur before the fourteenth century in our extant English literature, Prof. Skeat has recently pointed out in the Philological Transac tions that certain place - names in Kemble's Charters prove that it was an Anglo-Saxon word. ISAAC TAYLor. If ST. AUGUSTINE ON THE SEA SHORE.-Contributors from time to time assert that the wellknown story of St. Augustine by the sea shore is not to be found in any of his works. they were to state the works now attributed to him this would be correct; but having made search into the question I am able to say that the following is the exact state of the case. DANTE.—In considering the sources of information open to Chaucer and his contemporaries not much attention seems to be paid to the Italian In the so-called letter of St. Augustine to colonies in London, the Florentines, the Lombards St. Cyril-Ep. 205 in old editions, 18 in Ben. in their three Lombard Streets, &c. These included (t. ii. app., col. 18A), which is characterized as the educated and intelligent men, many of whom were forgery of "Impostor indoctus," and such, from fully conversant with their national literature, and the confusion of chronology, it undoubtedly is, for who were in constant intercourse with Florence and St. Jerome is made to die before St. Cyril-there Italy. We are apt to form our ideas as to them is a reference to such a vision, but this is seen not from our day of books and newspapers; but then, as now, communities not possessing these are not necessarily unintelligent. Every tale and novel was well known, and poems were registered in living books, where memory is more cultivated than print. There were, too, many of our merchants who cultivated vernacular languages, and the colloquial Latin they learned in the grammar schools, very different from our dead studies of these days, facilitated the task, made men linguists, as they become in a similar state of society in all times. In the earliest dialogue books Italian was included with Spanish and Portuguese, and was long more freely studied than in later days. HYDE CLARKE, A LOST WORD.-The words hammelfleisch and hammelbraten are familiar to us in German bills of fare, and it is curious that the German hammel, on the sea shore, but in St. Augustine's cell at Hippo, where the spirit of St. Jerome is represented as appearing to him on the day of his death, while St. Augustine is contemplating the destiny of the human soul. The spirit of St. Jerome says, with other words: "Augustine, Augustine, quid quæris? Putasne brevi immittere vasculo mare totum, brevi includere pugillo Potius totum mare in artissimo clauderetur vasculo terrarum orbem ?......Immensa qua mensura metieris? sine fine potiuntur, vel minorem intelligere particulam, ....quam gaudiorum et gloriæ quibus beatorum animæ nisi uti ego, experientia docueris...... Impossibilia facere ne coneris, donec impleatur vitæ tuæ cursus."-'S. Aug. ad Cyrill., de laudibus Hieron.,' Ep. xviii. t. ii. app., col. 19c. the shell by the sea shore. That the legend grew New Eng. Dict.,' possibly agreeing with this statement, omits the word altogether. It may not, therefore, be known to the editors of these dictionaries that chicket is still in not uncommon use in different parts of North Devon, signifying a dormer window. As Ford was a Devonshire man, and an old print of the Escurial shows windows of this kind, I think this is certainly the meaning of the word in the above quotation. R. PEARSE CHOPE. WILLIAM KIFFEN. As a slight addition to the account of this eminent Nonconformist that appears in the Dict. Nat. Biog.' may be noted that, besides holding the offices of Parliamentary Assessor of Taxes, Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel in the London Militia, Alderman of London, and Baptist preacher, he was M.P. for Middlesex in the third Parliament of Cromwell, 1656-58. W. D. PINK. GAS.-The present year sees, amongst other centenaries, the centenary of gas-lighting. A hundred years ago William Murdoch "illuminated his home with gas made in an iron kettle, and burnt at the end of an open iron tube"; and Prof. Lawes, lecturing before a technical audience on June 15, follows custom, and refers to Mr. Murdoch as the inventor of gas-lighting. For practical purposes perhaps he was, but another inventor had been beforehand with him all the same. This was Archibald, ninth Earl of Dundonald, an eccentric genius, bent just then upon the manufacture of "OUR ENEMIES WILL TELL US WITH PLEASURE." coal tar on a large scale. To this end he had con--In Chesterfield's 'Letters' (to Faulkner, April 13, structed, on a property in Scotland, which he 1754) he writes :— could still call his own, a sort of rude retort, in which some hundred tons of coal were treated for the production of the to him-all- important residuum. The " vapour" arising from this combustion was got rid of through an iron pipe. Accidentally this "vapour" became ignited, and illuminated the whole country round about. The earl thought this was curious," but, intent upon his tar, that was all he thought about the phenomenon. This inventor had actually invented gas without knowing it. W. F. WALLER. "A HAIR OF THE DOG THAT BIT YOU."-The following remarks are copied from the recent issue of a local newspaper : "This phrase, though now confined to a symbolic and alcoholic interpretation, has an accurately canine origin. In the Caucasus it is still commmon for any one who is bitten by a dog to lay a handful of hair, taken from the same animal's coat, upon the wound before cauterising and bandaging it. In some mystic way the hair is supposed to prevent untoward consequences." The efficacy of this usage is referred to by Pliny ('Nat. Hist.,' xxix. c. v. sub. init. Holland's translation has : "And there bee some againe, who burne the haires of the same mad doggs taile, and conveigh their ashes handsomely in some tent of lint into the wound."-Tome ii. p. 362, 1601. F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. CHICKET. The Century,' 'Imperial,' and 'Encyclopædic' dictionaries agree in defining this word as "a fastening," and they all give the following quotation from Ford, "The green shutters and chickets [of the Escurial] are offensive." The Century Dictionary' states, further, that it is "perhaps an error for clicket." The "I will not anticipate by conjecture so gloomy a scene, but I will only say, with the Bishop of St. Asaph, 'our enemies will tell us with pleasure.' I have looked in vain in dictionaries of quotations for this saying, but I have found it in the works of Fleetwood (Bishop of St. Asaph 17061714, Bishop of Ely 1714-1723). It occurs in a preface to four sermons which he published in May, 1712, and which (preface) was ordered to be burnt by a vote of the majority of the House of Commons. After referring to the height of military glory the British nation had attained abroad, he says: "We were as all the world imagined then just entering on the ways that promised to lead to such a Peace as would have answered all the prayers of our religious Queen, the care and vigilance of a most able ministry, the payments of a willing and obedient people, as well as the glorious toils and hazards of the soldiery, when God for our sins permitted the spirit of discord to go forth, and by troubling sore the Camp, the City, and the Country (and oh that it had altogether spared the places sacred to his worship !) to spoil, for a time, the beautiful and pleasing prospect, and give us in its stead, I know not what-our enemies will tell the rest with pleasure." -Ed. 1737, p. 559. T.C.D. Library. JOHN BRADSHAW (Madras). |