stances keep them from maintaining it. In Europe a large proportion of the deaconesses are nurses. Even those who work in parishes do considerable nursing. Everywhere, however, it is the aim of the motherhouses to have enough sisters to meet all the calls for their services as parish nursing and teaching sisters. Many more deaconesses are needed by all the houses in Europe and America. All agree that in parish work the deaconess is most like her sisters in the Apostolic Church, and that in it she attains the summit of her calling. The Baltimore house has a larger proportion of her sisters in parishes than any other Lutheran house in America. It has no hospital as yet, for which it must furnish a large number of sisters.

The General Synod appoints a deaconess board to manage its deaconess work as it does its other general boards. Rev. Dr. Dunbar is president, Rev. L. M. Zimmerman, D.D., is vice-president, Rev. F. P. Manhart is secretary and Mr. F. P. Stieff is treasurer of this board. Rev. Frank P. Manhart, D.D., is pastor of the Motherhouse, and Deaconess Sophia Jepson is the Head Sister.

IT

The Motherhouse occupies a beautiful site fronting 500 feet on Mt. North avenue. This site of 8% acres affords ample room for the erection of a fine group of buildings.

The course of training is quite complete. It ought to attract women of fine natural ability and of good education.

Many more candidates are desired because the Church needs and calls for the services of many more deaconesses. Women who do not wish to be regularly connected with the Motherhouse are also received for training. Such ones must be recommended by congregations or a Board of Foreign Missions. The Baltimore Motherhouse will begin to build as soon as financial conditions will warrant it. A fund of $50,000 is being raised to complete the payment of the property and to provide for the first of the needed buildings. When the property is fully developed it will contain buildings for sisters, for hospital, chapel, school, pastor's home, heating plant, etc. Many liberal gifts have been made to this institution, and many others could be wisely made. For Handbook giving detailed information apply to the pastor.

T was missionary night at Emmanuel's Church, and the service was in charge of the Young People's Society. There was a full bouse, for Emmanuel's prided itself on its active interest in missions, and the Church papers often used Emmanuel's League as an example of generosity to its more parsimonious sister leagues of the synod.

The president was holding a whispered conversation with the benign old pastor just before the solemn hush was broken by the opening peal of the organ.

"It is rather informal, I know, and our high Church brethren might object to its being read during a regular service; but it's very encouraging indeed, Frank, and I think the Church ought to have the benefit of it. Yes, read it, my boy, read it," he said, nodding his white head gravely. 'It is, indeed, very encouraging." Just then the service began.

After the usual number of hymns and stirring missionary addresses, Frank Mercer arose, and in his young, earnest voice drew the attentive ear of every one in the congregation.

"We have in store this evening an unusual treat, which I now have the pleasure of presenting to you. You all know that our

just

secretary, Miss Julia Gates, left Btwo months ago for a tour in the Orient." Yes, they all remembered, and every one listened closely to hear news of the popular Miss Gates.

"In passing through the land she hoped to spend a few weeks with her friend, Mrs. Franklin, whom some of you will remember. She is a daughter of Squire Steale on Market street, and she left B- just five years ago for the foreign mission field."

Those who did not remember the lady in question, at least knew well the elegant home of the squire and the three beautiful daughters who were still residents of B—.

"It is from the Japanese house of Mrs. Franklin that Miss Gates has written, and, although it is not at all formal, nor written for public reading, I wish you to hear it now, as it gives a most pleasant glimpse into a missionary's life in the most advanced and civilized of our mission fields, Japan."

The first half of the letter was devoted to rapturous description of the scenery of the country and of the luxuries of life in the ports, "where the hotels are palatial and the society charming," read the letter. Then a sketch of the trip down the coast "in a beautiful boat, as modern as any at home." "Of course," wrote Miss Gates, "the people don't

I

wear much clothing, and are continually smoking and drinking; the railway coaches are bad, and the Japanese language which we hear on every hand is barbarous; but the picturesque novelty of it all more than compensates." . . . Then: "Oh, you should see Lulu's home! It is just like a large toy garden house, all sod and paper and mud; so odd and pretty and romantic. To be sure, the furniture is cheap, old and hideous. wonder at Lulu's taste. I saw beautiful things in the ports, and don't see why she doesn't get some. It is the same with the food. There is an excellent market only 90 miles away in the port, and yet she serves only native vegetables and uneatable meat and fish. Mr. Franklin says he can't raise anything, for the insects eat all he plants, and he can't work a garden in this hot sunshine. Lulu says they only get to the port once a year. How silly, with railway fare so cheap! I wouldn't stay in this little interior place all the time. It is a pretty place, and we have been on charming little picnics every day, out in the glorious mountains. The people are so polite, and life on the whole so entrancing! It is just like fairyland.

"The missionaries all look well, and are perfectly happy. Lulu has gotten stout, and is as old-fashioned and dowdy as can be. I tell her I wouldn't get so behind the times, but she laughs and says she has no time to think of dress, and it doesn't matter here. She has several servants and doesn't seem to work hard, but she says this is vacation and she must begin in earnest next week. They speak kindly of you all, and thoroughly appreciate the work of the League in their behalf."

Every one was more than pleased with the letter, and the meeting dispersed, sending to their homes a crowd of happy, complacent people, all of them glad that their work for missions was appreciated.

The next week the president of the society spoke to the young people just before they adjourned. "We have at our disposal another letter from Miss Gates," he said, though it is of a different character from the first one, I expected to read it to you to-night, but our pastor says that since the whole congregation heard the last letter it is but right that this one also should be read at the regular service. So I beg you all to stay for the service to-night and hear the letter." There was a larger attendance than usual, and not a sound was heard as Frank Mercer began to read:

"Here I am at a hotel in the port," wrote Miss Gates, "I told Lulu that I had errands

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down here, and I have. The truth is the 'picturesque novelty' has worn off, and I could not stand it in the interior a day longer. The thermometer was not up very high, but it was too hot to breathe. It is no wonder missionaries go away for the summer, if it is this hot in October! The victuals also became unbearable. There was not a green thing to be had, the coffee and butter indescribable, and the water, though boiled, unmentionable! They say they get used to it, but I thought I'd rather not. Then I couldn't sleep. Despite the heat we had to lie under heavy mosquito curtains, and even they did not keep out the fleas. I wish you could see my face, it is such a mass of bites. Besides, the charms of solitude began to pall upon me. I saw only Mr. and Mrs. Franklin, their children and those grinning heathen (whose politeness is only on the outside) until I just could not bear it. I don't blame them for spending some money to go a distance in summer to see some Americans.

"I don't think Lulu will miss me much, for she is so busy, I never saw her from morning till night. She has her own children to teach and train and sew for. She has her language teacher three hours at a time in her stuffy little room. When I asked her why she didn't go out into the cool yard, she said she would be overrun with callers if she could be seen from the street. They often come and stay for hours, when a dozen things are waiting to be done. Then, both she and her husband teach any number of classes and hold all sorts of meetings, and visit in all sorts of dirty places. Their converts are half of them deceivers, and always begging for money.

Oh, I can't tell you half that I saw in one week in the Franklins' home. You know what a musician Mr. Franklin is, but he has nothing to play on but a poor, cheap, unmusical organ. I'm going to get them a piano and something good to eat before I go back." Some way, Emmanuel's did not like this letter, and several people discovered that it was 'real sacrilege" to read such informal, personal letters at the evening service. But the pastor said since it was begun they should hear them all, and so a few weeks later the congregation listened to one more:

Mr. Franklin can't bear any physical strain at all. I feel like a rag after being here six weeks, and if I worked as they do, alone as they are, and ate the food they have, I should die in a year. Lulu says I must give you all their love, and tell you they are well and happy and comfortable, and love their work."

"P. S.-Last night it rained, and the house leaked in 20 places. The rats have eaten all my gloves. Cholera is in town. I will come on the next boat."

"Miss Gates was always so fastidious," said the young people.

ble our mission appropriation," said an old deacon, gravely. It was carried.

"I move," said Frank Mercer, "that we endeavor to send more men to the front that the missionaries need not be so isolated."

"Good!" shouted the old pastor, informally. "And I wish to add something even more important. As to money, they can get along. They get used to it, and love their work. What they need is fellowship, love, appreciation, sympathy! I move that the members of this society take turns at writing letters to every foreign missionary of our Church in every land. Kind, sympathetic, encouraging letters to let them know we are thinking of them."

"Amen," cried the people with one voice. But that was only the beginning of the revival at Emmanuel's.

JUNE 5, 755.-See the REVIEW for last month, page 13, second column. Whilst St. Boniface, the Apostle of Germany," undoubtedly deserves all that we there said about him, as a most earnest and successful missionary, yet on the other hand we dare not lose sight of the fact that it was he who brought the German Christians into subjection to Rome. There had been Iro-British missionaries in Germany before him who did good work, though they cared little for the Romish See. Boniface removed them all, and everywhere established that Romish rule, whose fetters were to be subsequently broken by the hammer of Luther.

JUNE 5, 1860.-This is not the date when the Swedes first made their influence felt in this country. More than two centuries previous (1638) the Colony of New Sweden had been founded on the banks of the Delaware. The present site of Philadelphia was once owned by these Swedish immigrants entirely. As late as 1823 the Swedish language was used in the Gloria Dei Church in Philadelphia. Many of the best families in the East, such as the Bayards, the Childs, the Petersons, are their descendants. These Swedes proved to be even better colonists than the Dutch. They brought with them their cattle from their own country, and probably most of the common cattle in Eastern Pennsylvania come from this original stock. The form of government in New Sweden was the simplest imaginable, and they lived a contented, peaceful and prosperous life. Wherever they founded a settlement they invariably built a church, and so substantial that unless the building was taken down it lasted a long time. Old Swedes Church in Philadelphia, built in 1675, is still standing, and is one of the familiar antiquities of the city. The story of the achievements of Swedish Lutherans in the West will be narrated in the July number of the REVIEW.

JUNE 7, 1736.--Hans Egede, the "Apostle of Greenland," was born in Norway, 1686, and died in Denmark, 1758. When pastor at Vagen on the Lofoden Islands he read of the Norse settlements in Greenland in the Middle Ages. He resolved to bring the Gospel to their de

scendants who had become heathen." Egede and his heroic wife prevailed upon King Frederick IV of Denmark to permit and promote the sailing of the " Hope " from Bergen to Greenland in May, 1721. Egede arrived on the West Coast July 3, but found only Innuit ("men

i. e., Eskimos). His trials and hardships were so extremely severe that we can form no conception of them. He preached his first sermon in the native tongue January 10, 1725. His best helpers were his wife and his sons, Paul and Nils. Moravians followed (1733), but rather opposed him, though he always treated them kindly. The ravages of smallpox nearly wiped out the native population altogether. Egede returned to Denmark 1736, having preached his farewell sermon on June 7, and his son Paul succeeded him in the work. Being noted for his linguistic attainments, Hans Egede was made principal of the Greenland Seminary at Copenhagen, from which he retired in 1747. The fruit of his pioneer work is seen in the Lutheran Church of Greenland, to which the inhabitants, numbering about 12,000 souls, all belong. See January 31, 1686, with comment.

JUNE S, 1727.-August Hermann Francke was born at Luebeck on the Baltic March 22, 1663, and died at Halle. Prussian Saxony, June 8, 1727. He was endowed with extraordinary mental gifts. was a great theologian, a noted linguist, an eloquent preacher, a successful organizer and administrator. His great life work began at Halle, which he entered as a professor of Hebrew and N. T. Greek in the university there. As pastor of a weak little mission in the suburbs, he interested himself in the children of the poor, especially the orphans. He founded a humble home for them, which soon became a large concern, and finally evolved into the world famous Halle Institutions, which to this day are the pride of our Church in Germany. From 1698 to 1898, over 100,000 pupils had been educated there. In 1705 Ziegenbalg and Pluetschau were sent from Halle to India, in 1728 the first Halle missionaries to the Jews were sent forth, in 1742 H. M. Muhlenberg went to Pennsylvania, &c. 'What is most re

markable in connection with his numerous enterprises is the fact that Francke never asked any one for money, but implicitly trusted in God for the supply of the means necessary to carry on the work." See item of March 12, also REVIEW for last February, page 16.

JUNE 11, 1879.-Misses Kugler and Baer will hardly recognize their names in this method of printing them, but the noble work of all these good women is so clear and plain that he who runs may read. What would it mean to our Church in this land if every one of its 62 Synods had its Own Woman's Missionary Society, as well organized for efficient service as is this model Society of the General Synod! Not only on account of the special work which women are peculiarly fitted to prosecute in their own way, but still more because of the increased zeal which the reflex influence of such society would impart to all the missionary work of the congregations.

JUNE 12, 1902. The labor accomplished by Dr. Barnitz almost staggers belief. In addition to his varied tasks of visiting Synods and Churches, looking up new points for missions, preaching, lecturing and attending to a correspondence in itself sufficient to tax the energies of an ordinary man, he traveled in his later years an average of 20,000 miles annually in the interest of the General Synod's Home Mission work in the West. The extent of his travels and the celerity with which he moved from place to place won for him the designation ubiquitous." Wherever he went his presence carried cheer and sunshine to pastors and churches. The home missionaries had no warmer or more sympathetic friend. He was their pastor in a pre-eminent sense-a veritable bishop, in fact if not in name. His great heart was the receptacle for their tales of struggle and distress. He was keenly alive to the difficulties of their work and ever ready with his wise and helpful counsel. When sorrow shrouded the missionary's home in gloom the earliest mail would unfailingly bring a letter in that familiar handwriting, full of sweet comfort. He was a man of marked personality, gifted with a rare talent of natural eloquence. Especially when his subject was his favorite topic. Home Missions, the evangelization of America, his form would dilate, his eyes gleam, and his usually soft and gentle voice ring out full and sonorous as a clarion's peal in the day of battle sounding the headlong charge. The president of one of the greatest of our corporations said not long ago, "I always feel better somehow after that man, Dr. Barnitz, has dropped in, and things seem to go better about the office when he has gone." He was an always welcome visitor wherever he went to missionary, to homesick prodigal, to scattered Lutherans, to merchant, to professional man, railroad official, institution, board or synod. Had Dr. Barnitz turned his attention and talents to politics there is no office he might not have won and filled with honor. Had he turned to a business career there is no success and fortune he might not have attained. Had he entered upon the sphere of the corporate system or railway management of the times there is no part nor position that he might not have conquered and held. To him, however, there was one calling and one office and one business far away beyond and above every other he was the King's ambassador, and he magnified the office of the ministry of the Son of God wherever he went. It was because of his sterling loyalty and devotion to his Master and his Church that his life touched so many other lives, in the Church and out of

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it, in so influential a way.-Lutheran Observer. JUNE 13, 1890.-An immense proportion of these Norwegians live in the rural districts of the great Northwest. In Norway itself only one-tenth of the population leave the rural villages to live in the cities. "The passion for the possession of land, and for the independence which goes with it, this it is which makes them such valuable citizens of America. Had they, like other immigrants from the Southern nations of Europe, preferred to huddle together in the dirty slums of our large cities, the progress of the Northwest would be much slower. Up to within the last ten years the towns have claimed only a small percentage of any of our sturdy Scandinavian elements, and even now probably not more than 10 per cent. settle in towns. Limited means, a spirit of economy, fearlessness of hard work and temporary privation have made them the best kind of pioneers in settling new trerritory. Whole counties are being tilled by them. It is possible to travel 300 miles across Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota without once leaving Scandinavian owned land. As a people they are sober, earnest, industrious and frugal. They are not driven here; they come of their own accord, and they come to stay-not to get a few hundred dollars, then go back across the sea to a life of idleness. They come not to destroy our American institutions but to build them up by heartily adopting them."

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JUNE 14, 1707.-The first Protestant missionaries to India, the Lutherans Ziegenbalg and Pluetschau, both former inmates of the Francke institutions and students in the University of Halle, arrived at Tranquebar, in Danish East India, July 9, 1706. The following year they built the "New Jerusalem church there. The dedicatory service was held August 14, 1707, in Danish, Portuguese and Tamil. The fact of Ziegenbalg's having a Christian church in process of erection in less than a year after his arrival among the heathen in Tranquebar evidences how marvelous was the indomitable spirit of this man. When we remember what bitter hostility on the part of the natives and what frigid indifference on the part of European colonists in India he had to encounter, and how these hindrances, which would have crushed the heart of another man, only served to fire his intrepid soul with more intense determination, we do not wonder that when he went back to Europe in 1715 to arouse a zeal for this new cause of Foreign Missions, of which he was the pioneer in modern Christendom, he kindled the greatest enthusiasm wherever he spoke.

JUNE 17, 1821.-To the Danes belongs the immortal honor of first sending the Gospel both to the East Indies (1620) and the West Indies (1672), almost a century before William Carey began his work. Denmark was also letting her light shine on the dark Gold Coast of Africa about the same time. The union of Denmark with Norway gave her access to the Finns and Lapps of the North and the inhabitants of Greenland (1721). The zeal of the pious King Frederick IV could not be satisfied until all the heathen colonies of his realm be provided with the Word and Sacraments, hence his sending missionaries from Halle to the Danish colonies in India and Africa (1705). The National Danish Missionary Society was organized in 1821. It has been working since 1863 among the Tamils in South India. There it now has 10 missionaries, 5 native pastors, 6 stations and 1,500 Christians. The annual income amounts to $30.000. It has a health station for its

workers at Kotagiri on the Blue Mountains (Nilgiri) of South India.

JUNE 18, 1826.-We are just beginning to realize what a number of the foremost modern philanthropic movements had their origin in Lutheran sources. The whole subject of prison reform, with all its allied phases of rescue work, is a case in point.

JUNE 19, 1878.--The year 1820 is the first year when the United States commenced to record the number of immigrants who arrived. That year 20 are registered as coming from Denmark, and only 3 from Norway and Sweden. It is a remarkable fact that the total sum of the Danish immigrants from 1820 to 1840 exceeds in number the total sum of both the Norwegians and Swedes during the same time. Yet the Danish immigration has never been very heavy, reaching its maximum of 12,000 in 1882, during which year, on the other hand, 30,000 Norwegians and 65,000 Swedes arrived.

JUNE 20, 1880.—Two years after Rev. Horace Artman's arrival in India, Inspector Jensen sent out two missionaries from his Mission Institute in Brecklum, Schleswig-Holstein. Rev. H. C. Schmidt, in Rajahmundry, had called his attention to the Bustar country, several hundred miles to the north of our American mission, where no missionaries had ever labored. This is an aboriginal people not affected by the vicious caste system. At the request of the Brecklum Mission authorities. Missionaries Schmidt and Artman escorted the missionaries who were to establish the new station to their distant field. It was a long and difficult journey, requiring full three months until their return to Rajahmundry. It came very near proving fatal to one of the missionaries. Not only were all more or less prostrated by fever, but Missionary Artman had to be carried for days. when his life hung in the balance, and at length was brought home in a delirious condition. It was a work of love which they performed, by which the way for more extensive mission work was opened in that vast country; never:heless, it is no doubt true that the seeds of disease. which at length cut off the zealous missionary. were sown on that journey to Bustar. Rev. Artman, like the lamented Carlson, was a true missionary, and left a lasting impression on the work in Inda. Missionary Paulson testi fied concerning him: “I can scarcely find words To express my sorrow ever the death of our dear Brother Artman. Our mission has humanly speaking, suffered an irreparable loss. His whole beart was in the work. His know is edge of Teagu was very good, and he was ai ways ready to help and work together with us, H's fault was if fault it may be called, that be undertook too much and overworked him

Missionary Schiedt wrote: “Ok, Fow en have I begged Bredber Arman to be more antions and not to take more work upon bas shoulders then be was a` e to bear! He was a costead rissionary, and 1 orght, inasmuch 2s be was yet so young and string, that N exsont en pos

for the effective preaching of the Gospel than the dispensary or the wards of a stately hospital like this?

JUNE 23, 1898. The Norwegian Free Church is ultra-congregationalist in its polity, maintaining that constitutions of Synods have no authority over congregations, each one of which is an independent unit by itself, though they may associate themselves together in Synods for free co-operating in common interests, such as missions, colleges, seminaries, orphans' homes, deaconess mother-houses, publication concerns, etc., their support to terminate at will. The principle is also insisted upon that Christianity was never meant to have any sort of political alliance with the State, nor be so exclusively an affair of the clergy alone" as it has degenerated to be.

JUNE 24, 1683.-Bartholomew Ziegenbalg, the pioneer of modern mission work in India, was born in Saxony in 1683. He studied for the office of the ministry at Halle and Berlin. On the recommendation of Francke, he and his fellow-student, Henry Pluetschau, were ordained for the Lutheran ministry among the heathen by Bishop Borneman at Copenhagen in November, 1705, and reached Tranquebar, in Danish India, in July, 1706. Ziegenbalg and Pluetschau set themselves at once to the study of Tamil. They built the "New Jerusalem Church, and began to preach in it in August, 1707. The following year Ziegenbalg began to translate the Scriptures into Tamil. In 1711 he had completed the New Testament and a large part of the Old. In 1714, with the aid of a press donated in Europe, he published the New Testament, the Danish Liturgy, hymns and various other works, all in Tamil. Many difficulties had arisen between Ziegenbalg and the Danish East India Company. His health began to fail, and so he decided in 1715 to return to Europe to plead with Christian people in behalf of India. He spent a year abroad urging upon the Church in Germany and the Church of England the importance of foreign mission work. His efforts were eminently successful. Next year he returned to India and to his work with burning real, which consumed his bodily strength. He died of exhaustion on February 23 1719. His Joy is resting under the altar of the new church he had built at Tranquebar after his return from Europe. Ziegenbalg the Lutheran, and not Carey the Baptist, who arn India eighty-six years after, was the first Protestant missionary in East India.

rived

JUNE 25 130 --This will always be an immertal date in the history of Protestant Christerdem. The great Confession which the Reformers presented to the Emperor Charles V. at Augsburg on this day rightly hears the supreme Augustana. the

model of defence of Gosie A: R

Grand Confession." al historic importunder God has in the whole Second, for its spenation era as the bel of Protestantism. value as the chiefest tent and most potent amental truths of the

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sition for a compeaking Lutherthe South, and nds the prosECUment as k stall be sue