To Rise in Darkness: Revolution, Repression, and Memory in El Salvador, 1920–1932Duke University Press, 9 Tem 2008 - 400 sayfa To Rise in Darkness offers a new perspective on a defining moment in modern Central American history. In January 1932 thousands of indigenous and ladino (non-Indian) rural laborers, provoked by electoral fraud and the repression of strikes, rose up and took control of several municipalities in central and western El Salvador. Within days the military and civilian militias retook the towns and executed thousands of people, most of whom were indigenous. This event, known as la Matanza (the massacre), has received relatively little scholarly attention. In To Rise in Darkness, Jeffrey L. Gould and Aldo A. Lauria-Santiago investigate memories of the massacre and its long-term cultural and political consequences. Gould conducted more than two hundred interviews with survivors of la Matanza and their descendants. He and Lauria-Santiago combine individual accounts with documentary sources from archives in El Salvador, Guatemala, Washington, London, and Moscow. They describe the political, economic, and cultural landscape of El Salvador during the 1920s and early 1930s, and offer a detailed narrative of the uprising and massacre. The authors challenge the prevailing idea that the Communist organizers of the uprising and the rural Indians who participated in it were two distinct groups. Gould and Lauria-Santiago demonstrate that many Communist militants were themselves rural Indians, some of whom had been union activists on the coffee plantations for several years prior to the rebellion. Moreover, by meticulously documenting local variations in class relations, ethnic identity, and political commitment, the authors show that those groups considered “Indian” in western El Salvador were far from homogeneous. The united revolutionary movement of January 1932 emerged out of significant cultural difference and conflict. |
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... reform among the rural poor and of political and economic reform among urban workers and artisans . One observer at the U.S. embassy noted " all kinds of election promises which led many farmers and laborers to think that the millennium ...
... reform . Wedded to a strict interpretation of union activity , the FRTS failed to actively demand agrarian reform . The " tesis agraria " and the " Program for Agricultural Workers " approved at the FRTS congress in May 1930 , to cite ...
... reform , but only a small amount of land was available for redistribution without confronting the oligarchy . To add to his woes , between March and July heavy rains and a volcanic eruption reduced the food supply in the west . Even the ...
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