Bullying and Emotional Abuse in the Workplace: International Perspectives in Research and PracticeStale Einarsen, Helge Hoel, Cary Cooper CRC Press, 3 Eki 2002 - 438 sayfa Over the last decade or so research into bullying, emotional abuse and harassment at work, as distinct from harassment based on sex or race and primarily of a non-physical nature, has emerged as a new field of study. Two main academic streams have emerged: a European tradition applying the concept of 'mobbing' or 'bullying' and the American traditi |
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abuse action acts aggression applied approach argued assessment become behaviour causes cent chapter communication complaints concept concerned conflict considered Cooper culture dealing definition described discussion effects Einarsen emotional employees environment escalation et al European evidence example experience exposure factors feel findings Hoel hostile human identified important incidents increase individual interaction International intervention involved issues Journal Keashly labour lead less Leymann means measures mobbing nature negative norms occupational occur organisational outcomes particular parties perceived perpetrator person perspective physical position possible potential present problem procedures professionals Psychology reasons relationship reported representatives response result risk role sexual harassment situation social specific strategies stress suggests survey term tion understanding union University victims victims of bullying violence women workers workplace bullying Zapf