Trigeminal Neuralgia

afferent anatomical anesthesia angle approach artery associated baclofen Brain brainstem branches carbamazepine caudalis cause cells central cistern clinical complete complications compression cranial cranial nerves decompression described developed division dose drug effects electrode enter experience face facial pain fibers Figure foramen ovale ganglion gasserian ganglion glycerol headache increased inferior initial injection involved lateral lesion less levels loss major maxillary medial migraine months motor needle Neurol Neurosurg Neurosurgery nucleus occur operation ophthalmic oral pain relief patients percutaneous performed peripheral petrosal phenytoin pons portio position possible posterior fossa present procedure projections recurrence relief reported response rhizotomy rostral sensation sensory root severe side side effects sinus spinal stimulation studies suggested superior supply surgery surgical symptoms syndrome technique therapy tic douloureux tion treated treatment treatment of trigeminal trigeminal ganglion trigeminal nerve trigeminal neuralgia trigeminal root upper usually vascular vein York