History of civilizations of Central Asia: The Crossroads of Civilization: A.D. 250 to 750UNESCO Publishing, 31 Ara 1996 - 570 sayfa In this third volume covering the flourishing period from the third to the eighth century A.D., scholars describe the powerful role played by the Sasanian state in Iran, the Gupta empire in India and the T'ang dynasty in China. Waves of nomadic migrations and the formation of steppe empires left their mark on political and social life. This multiethnic society had its roots in the great religious traditions of Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, Christianity and Shamanism. The Islamization of a great part of the region brought fundamental changes to all aspects of life. Intensive trade along the Silk Route encouraged cultural and scientific exchanges, making this period one of impressive artistic and intellectual creativity. |
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According Afghanistan Al-Tabari Amu Darya ancient Arab archaeological Ardashir Bactrian Bahram Balkh Bamiyan Brahmi Buddha Buddhist Bukhara Central Asia centre Chach China Chinese Christian coins conquest culture dynasty East Turkestan eastern eighth century Ferghana Gandhara Gupta Harmatta Hephthalites Hsiung-nu Hsüan-tsang Huna Ibid India inscriptions Iran Iranian Islam Juan-juan Kabul kaghan Kala-i Khotan Khurasan Khusrau Khwarizm Khwarizmian Kidara Kidarites king kingdom Kocho Kucha Kushan Kushano-Sasanian language large number legend Litvinsky Livshits Lukonin Manichaean Manichaeism manuscripts Merv Middle Persian military monasteries Muslim nomadic northern oasis Pahlavi painting palace Panjikent Parthian Peroz Photo Qutaiba region reign religion religious Route rule ruler Saka Samarkand Sanskrit Sasanian Sasanian Empire Sasanian period script seventh century Shapur silk sixth century Sogdian sources Sughd T’ang Tarim temple Termez territory texts Tibetan tion Tokharistan town tradition translated Transoxania tribes Turfan Türk kaghan Turkic Uighur Vladimir Terebenin walls Western Türk yabghu Yazdgird Zoroastrian