brother, in his love toward her ever most kind and natural; with him the portion and finew of her fortune, her marriagedowry; with both, her combinate husband,4 this well-feeming Angelo! Ifab. Can this be fo? Did Angelo fo leave her? Duke. Left her in her tears, and dry'd not one of them with his comfort; fwallowed his vows whole, pretending, in her, discoveries of dishonour: in few, beftowed her on her own lamentation, which the yet wears for his fake; and he, a marble to her tears, is washed with them, but relents not. Ifab. What a merit were it in death, to take this poor maid from the world! What corruption in this life, that it will let this man live !-But how out of this can fhe avail ? Duke. It is a rupture that you may eafily heal: and the cure of it not only faves your brother, but keeps you from difhonour in doing it. Ifab. Show me how, good father. your. Duke. This fore-named maid hath yet in her the continuance of her first affection; his unjuft unkindness, that in all reafon fhould have quenched her love, hath, like an impediment in the current, made it more violent and unruly. Go you to Angelo; anfwer his requiring with a plaufible obedi ence; agree with his demands to the point: only refer felf to this advantage,6-firft, that your ftay with him may not be long; that the time may have all fhadow and filence in it; and the place anfwer to convenience: this being granted in courfe, now follows all. We fhall advife this wronged maid to ftead up your appointment, go in your place; if the encounter acknowledge itfelf hereafter, it may compel him to her recompence: and here, by this, is your brother faved, your honour untainted, the poor Mariana advantaged, and the corrupt deputy fcaled. The maid will I frame, and make 4 Combinate is betrothed, settled by contra. STELVINS. 5 i. e. left her to her forrows. MALONE. Rather, as our author exprefles himself in King Henry V. « gave her up" to them, STEEVENS. This is fcarcely to be reconciled to any established mode of speech. We may read, only referve yourself to, or only referve to yourself this advantage. JOHNSON. Refer yourself to, merely fignifies-bave recourse to, betake yourself w0, this advantage. STEEVENS. make fit for his attempt. If you think well to carry this as you may, the doublenefs of the benefit defends the deceit from reproof. What think you of it? Ifab. The image of it gives me content already; and, I truft, it will grow to a moft profperous perfection. Duke. It lies much in your holding up: Hafte you fpeedily to Angelo; if for this night he entreat you to his bed, give him promife of fatisfaction. I will prefently to St. Luke's; there, at the moated grange refides this deje ted Y 4 8 Mariana: 7 To fcale the deputy may be, to reach him, notwithstanding the elevation of his place; or it may be, to ftrip him and discover his nakedness, though. armed and concealed by the investments of authority. JOHNSON. To fcale, as may be learned by a note to Coriolanus, A&t I. fc. i. most certainly means, to disorder, to disconcert, to put to flight. An army routed is called by Holin fhed, an army fcaled. The word fometimes fignifies to diffufe or difperfe; at others, as I fuppofe in the prefent inftance, to put into confufion. STEEVENS. To fcale is certainly to reach (as. Dr. Johnson explains it) as wellas to difperfe or fpread abroad, and hence its application to a routed army which is feattered over the field. The Duke's meaning appears to be, either that Angelo would be over-reached, as a town is by the fcalade, or that his true character would be spread or laid open, so that his vileness would become evident. Dr. Warburton thinks it is weigbed, a meaning which Dr. Johnfon affixes to the word in another place. See Coriolanus, A&. I. fc. i. Scaled, however, may mean-laid open, as a corrupt fore is by removing the flough that covers it. The allufion is rendered lefs difgufting, by more elegant language, in Hamlet: It will but in and film the ulcerous place; "Whiles rank corruption, mining all within, Infects unfeen.' RITSON. A grange is a folitary farm-houfe. So, in Othello 66 this is Venice, "My houfe is not a grange.." STEEVENS, A grange implies fome one particular house immediately inferior in ranke to a ball, fituated at a small distance from the town or village from which it takes its name; as, Hornby grange, Blackwell grange; and is in the neighbourhood fimply called The Grange. Originally, perhaps, thefe buildings were the lord's granary or ftorehoufe, and the refidence of his chief bailiff. (Grange, from Granagium, Lat.) RITSON. A grange, in its original fignification, meant a farm-houfe of a monaftery (from grana gerendo), from which it was always at fome little distance. One of the monks was ufually appointed to infpect the accounts of the farm. He was called the Prior of the Grange-in barbarous Latin, Grangiarius. Being placed at a distance from the monaftery, and not con Mariana: At that place call upon me; and difpatch with Angelo, that it may be quickly. Ifab. I thank you for this comfort: Fare you well, good [Exeunt feverally. father. SCENE II. The Street before the Prison. Enter DUKE as a Friar ; to him ELBOW, Clown, and Officers. Elb. Nay, if there be no remedy for it, but that you will needs buy and fell men and women like beafts, we shall have all the world drink brown and white bastard.9 Duke. O, heavens! what ftuff is here? Clo. 'Twas never merry world, fince, of two ufuries, the merrieft was put down, and the worfer allow'd by order of law a furr'd gown to keep him warm; and furr'd with fox and lamb-fkins too, to fignify, that craft, 3 being richer than innocency, ftands for the facing. Elb. Come your way, fir:-Bless you, good father friar. Duke. nected with any other buildings, Shakspeare, with his wonted licence, ufes it, both here and in Othello, in the fenfe of a folitary farm house. I have fince obferved that the word was ufed in the fame fenfe by the contemporary writers. So, in Tarleton's Newes out of Purgatory, printed about the year 1590: " till my return I will have thee stay at our little graunge houfe in the country.” In Lincolnshire they at this day call every lone house that is unconnected with others, a grange. MALONE. 9 A kind of sweet wine, then much in vogue, from the Italian bastardo. WARBURTON. Baftard was raifin-wine. See Minthieu's Diet. in v. MALONE. 2 Here a fatire on ufury turns abruptly to a fatire on the person of the ufurer, without any kind of preparation. We may be affured then, that a line or two, at leaft, have been loft. The fubject of which we may eafily discover was a comparifon between the two ufurers; as, before, between the two ufuries. So that, for the future, the paffage should be read with afterisks, thus-by order of law, *** a furr'd gown, &c. WARBURTON. Sir Thomas Hanmer corrected this with lefs pomp, then fince of tra ufurers the merricht was put down, and the worfer allowed, by order of law, a furr'd gown, &c. His punctuation is right, but the alteration, fmall as it is, appears more than was wanted. Ufury may be used by an easy licence for the profeffors of ufury. JOHNSON. 3 In this paffage the foxes fkins are fuppofed to denote craft, and the lamb Duke. And you, good brother father: 4 What offence hath this man made you, fir? Elb. Marry, fir, he hath offended the law; and, fir, we take him to be a thief too, fir; for we have found upon him, fir, a ftrange pick-lock, which we have fent to the deputy. Duke. Fie, firrah; a bawd, a wicked bawd! The evil that thou caufeft to be done, That is thy means to live: Do thou but think So ftinkingly depending? Go, mend, go, mend. Clo. Indeed, it does ftink in fome fort, fir; but yet, fir, I would prove Duke. Nay, if the devil have given thee proofs for fin, Thou wilt prove this. Take him to prifon, officer; Correction and inftruction must both work, Ere this rude beast will profit. Elb. He muft before the deputy, fir; he has given him warning: the deputy cannot abide a whore-mafter: if he be a whore-monger, and comes before him, he were as good go a mile on his errand. Y 5 Duke. lamb-fkins innocence. It is evident therefore that we ought to read, furred with fox on lamb-skins," instead of " and lamb-fkins;" for otherwife, craft will not ftand for the facing. M. MASON. Fox-fkins and lamb-skins were both used as facings to cloth in Shakfpeare's time. See the Statute of Apparel, 24 Henry VIII. c. 13. Hence fax-furr'd flave is ufed as an opprobrious epithet in Wily Beguiled, 1606, and in other old comedies. MALONE. 4 In return to Elbow's blundering addrefs of good father friar, i. e. good father brother, the Duke humourously calls him, in his own style, good brother father. This would appear ftill clearer in French. Dieu vous beniffe, mon pere frere.-Et vous auffi, mon frere pere. There is no doubt that our friar is a corruption of the French frere. TYRWHITT. 5 As we hear no more of this charge, it is neceffary to prevent honest Pompey from being taken for a houfe breaker. The locks which he had occafion to pick, were by no means common, in this country at least. They were probably introduced, with other Spanish customs, during the reign of Philip and Mary; and were fo well known in Edinburgh, that in one of Sir David Lindlay's plays, reprefented to thousands in the open air, fuch a lock is actually opened on the ftage. RITSON. Dake. That we were all, as fome would feem to be, Enter LUCIO, Elb. His neck will come to your waift, a cord, fir.7 Clo. I fpy comfort; I cry, bail: Here's a gentleman, and a friend of mine. Lucio. How now, noble Pompey? What, at the heels of Cæfar? Art thou led in triumph? What, is there none of Pygmalion's i. e. as faults are deftitute of all comeliness or feeming. The first of thefe lines refers to the deputy's fanctified hypocrify; the fecond to the Clown's beastly occupation. But the latter part is thus ill expressed for the fake of the rhyme. WARBURTON. Sir Thomas Hanmer reads: Free from all faults, as from faults feeming free. In the interpretation of Dr. Warburton, the fenfe is trifling, and the expreffion harth. To with that men were as free from faults, as faults are free from comel nefs, [instead of void of comeliness] is a very poor conceit. I once thought it should be read: O that all were, as all would feem to be, Free from all faults, or from falfe feeming free. So in this play: "O place, O, power-how doft thou "Wrench awe from fools, and tie the wifer fouls But now I believe that a lefs alteration will ferve the turn: Free from all faults, or faults from feeming free. that men were really good, or that their faults were known, that men were free from faults, or faults from hypocrify. So Ifabella calls Angelo's hypocrify, feening, feeming. JOHNSON. I think we fhould read with Sir T. Hanmer : Free from all faults, as from faults feeming free. i. e. I wish we were all as good as we appear to be; a fentiment very naturally prompted by his reflection on the behaviour of Angelo. Sir T Hanmer has only tranfpofed a word to produce a convenient fenfe. STEEVINS. Hanmer is right with respect to the meaning of this paffage, but I think his tranfpofition unneceffary. The words, as they ftand, will exprefs the fame fenfe, if pointed thus: Free from all faults, as, faults from, seeming free. Nor is this conftruction more harsh than that of many other fentences in the play, which of all those which Shakspeare has left us, is the moft defective in that refpect. M. MASON. 7 That is, his neck will be tied, like your waist, with a rope. The friars of the Francifcan order, perhaps of all others, wear a hempen cord for a girdle, JOHNSON, Do not this meant as a pan as if Seizoria onstables office readily pointing cration? WT out the |