ence to convenience of operation in an installation of this character, and the structures have been designed with a full knowledge of the operating characteristics of the equipment with the requisite facilities for proper attention. Every detail is substantial, rugged and permanent in character. As far as possible the same general factor of safety has been applied throughout. The equipment and structures are fireproof to an unusual degree. The buildings and cars and their equipment, and to a large extent the transmission system itself contain no combustible material except what is necessary for insulation purposes. The record-breaking pace of work which flowed out of united energies, was remarkable. The power station was constructed and ready for operation in 16 months; in 18 months 100 miles of track were electrified, 25 miles of conduit and 24 miles of pole line were constructed; 250 miles of high-tension conductors were erected, five sub-stations were built and equipped; 130 steel motor cars built and equipped, 85 trailer cars equipped, and the operation of the road begun. Other power stations of similar character have usually been twice as long in construction and other parts of the equipment have taken a proportionately long time. F FOREIGN PRACTICE-CHOKE COIL PROTECTION N. J. NEALL OREIGN usage of the choke coil as an element in protective apparatus has not lead to the development of any marked departures from the best American practice. Strictly speaking, only two forms have been developed abroad, the spiral coil, shown in Fig. 1, the function and manipulation of which are obvious, and the Gola "lightning arrester." This device is really a choke coil in its function as it is placed in the line, and not between line and ground. By referring to Fig. 2 the following description of its operation will be understood. Any static disturbance coming in from the line strikes a large shield-like body covering the main or melon-shaped body. FIG. I These parts are of iron and are fastened to the apparatus by brass washers from which connection is made to a small coil of a few turns of insulated wire on an iron core connected to the large body. The device has a very sharp edge, opposite which at either side are placed hornshaped carbon electrodes to carry the electrical disturbances off to earth. Connection is usually made here to a standard lightning arrester. It is claimed for this device, that while normally there will be no obstruction whatever to main current, high frequency disturbances such as those arising from lightning or of similar origin will be repulsed and thrown to earth over the discharge path. The presence of the coil is supposed to create a magnetic freld between the shields and the main drum, the brass or nonmagnetic washers causing the field to line up radially between these parts. In addition, the difficulty presented by sharp turns to the passage of high frequency disturbances is taken advantage of by the peculiar shape of the drums and shields. It is claimed that a disturbance on reaching the device spreads out very rapidly from a small to a large cross-section and encounters so great difficulty in contracting again to reach the apparatus pro tected that it is easier to go to ground at the point of sudden change of cross-section. The magnetic field is supposed to assist in driving the disturbance to the edge. The device was given a test under the same conditions described in a previous article for determining the protective power of a choke coil.* It was found that the choking effect was exceedingly small, merely that of the coil used in its construction, and that even under ordinary tests the insulation of this coil would break down and destroy the small protective power which it might have afforded. It was not found possible to establish the other points claimed for its construction and the inference to be drawn was that it is not very efficient, and disproportionately large for the work it had to do. Torchio in a recent paper before the A. I. E. E.† says: "The device has been used in many places in Italy for the last two or three years. In many cases it has proved most effective, while in other cases the results have been indifferent." Some of the best styles of American choke coil apparatus have also been adopted abroad. *See The Electric Journal, Vol. II, p. 609. 66 “F PART OF AN ADDRESS BY CHARLES WILLIAM ELIOT OR educated men, what are the sources of the solid and durable satisfactions of life? That is what I hope you are all aiming at-the solid, durable satisfactions of life, the satisfactions that are going to last and grow. So far as I have seen, there is one indispensable foundation for the satisfactions of life-health. A young man ought to be a clean, wholesome, vigorous animal. That is the foundation for everything else, and I hope you will all be that, if you are nothing more. We have to build everything in this world of domestic joy and professional success, everything of a useful, honorable career, on bodily wholesomeness and vitality. "This being a clean, wholesome, vigorous animal involves a good deal. It involves not condescending to the ordinary barbaric vices. One must avoid drunkenness, gluttony, licentiousness, and getting into dirt of any kind, in order to be a clean, wholesome, vigorous animal. Still, none of you would be content with this achievement as the total outcome of your lives. It is a happy thing to have in youth what are called animal spirits-a very descriptive phrase; but animal spirits do not last even in animals; they belong to the kitten or puppy stage. It is a wholesome thing to enjoy for a time, or for a time each day all through life, sports and active bodily exercise. These are legitimate enjoyments, but if made the main object of life, they tire. They cease to be a source of durable satisfaction. Play must be incidental in a satisfactory life. "What is the next thing then, that we want in order to make sure of durable satisfactions in life? We need a strong mental grip, a wholesome capacity for hard work. It is intellectual power and aims that we need. In all the professions-learned, scientific, or industrial-large mental enjoyments should come to educated men. The great distinction between the privileged class to which you belong, the class that has opportunity for prolonged education, and the much larger class that has not that opportunity, is that the *Mr. Frank H. Taylor was requested to contribute to the first issue of the Journal for 1906. In response he commended to the Journal and its readers the address of President Flot to the students of Harvard University, which appeared in this month's McClure's Magazine The address is reprinted in slightly condensed form. educated class lives mainly by the exercise of intellectual powers and gets therefore much greater enjoyment out of life than the much larger class that earns a livelihood chiefly by the exercise of bodily powers. You ought to obtain here, therefore, the trained capacity for mental labor, rapid, intense, and sustained. That is the great thing to get in college, long before the professional school is entered. Get it now. Get it in the years of college life. It is the main achievement of college life to win this mental force, this capacity for keen observation, just inference, and sustained forethought, for everything that we mean by the reasoning power of man. That capacity will be the main source of intellectual joys and of happiness and content throughout a long and busy life. "But there is something more, something beyond this acquired power of intellectual labor. As Shakspere puts it-the purest treasure mortal times afford is spotless reputation.' How is that treasure won? It comes by living with honor, on honor. Most of you have begun already to live honorably, and honored; for the life of honor begins early. Some things the honorable man cannot do. never does. He never wrongs or degrades a woman. He never oppresses or cheats a person weaker or poorer than himself. He never betrays a truth. He is honest, sincere, candid, and generous. It is not enough to be honest. An honorable man must be generous; and I do not mean generous with money only. I mean generous in his judgments of men and women, and of the nature and prospects of mankind. Such generosity is a beautiful attribute of the man of honor. "How does honor come to a man? What is the evidence of the honorable life? What is the tribunal which declares at last"This was an honorable man'? You look now for this favorable judgment of your elders-of parents and teachers and older students; but these elders will not be your final judges, and you had better get ready now in college to appear before the ultimate tribunal, the tribunal of your contemporaries and the younger generations. It is the judgment of your contemporaries that is most important to you; and you will find that the judgment of your contemporaries is made up alarmingly early; it may be made up this year in a way that sometimes lasts for life and beyond. It is made up in part by persons to whom you have never spoken, by persons who in your view do not know you, and who get only a general impression of you; but always it is contemporaries whose judgment is formidable and unavoidable. Live now in the fear of that tri |