To Rise in Darkness: Revolution, Repression, and Memory in El Salvador, 1920–1932Duke University Press, 9 Tem 2008 - 396 sayfa To Rise in Darkness offers a new perspective on a defining moment in modern Central American history. In January 1932 thousands of indigenous and ladino (non-Indian) rural laborers, provoked by electoral fraud and the repression of strikes, rose up and took control of several municipalities in central and western El Salvador. Within days the military and civilian militias retook the towns and executed thousands of people, most of whom were indigenous. This event, known as la Matanza (the massacre), has received relatively little scholarly attention. In To Rise in Darkness, Jeffrey L. Gould and Aldo A. Lauria-Santiago investigate memories of the massacre and its long-term cultural and political consequences. Gould conducted more than two hundred interviews with survivors of la Matanza and their descendants. He and Lauria-Santiago combine individual accounts with documentary sources from archives in El Salvador, Guatemala, Washington, London, and Moscow. They describe the political, economic, and cultural landscape of El Salvador during the 1920s and early 1930s, and offer a detailed narrative of the uprising and massacre. The authors challenge the prevailing idea that the Communist organizers of the uprising and the rural Indians who participated in it were two distinct groups. Gould and Lauria-Santiago demonstrate that many Communist militants were themselves rural Indians, some of whom had been union activists on the coffee plantations for several years prior to the rebellion. Moreover, by meticulously documenting local variations in class relations, ethnic identity, and political commitment, the authors show that those groups considered “Indian” in western El Salvador were far from homogeneous. The united revolutionary movement of January 1932 emerged out of significant cultural difference and conflict. |
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... significantly different from parallel developments in Nicaragua or Hon- duras . In all three countries by the 1920s the emergence of mestizaje as a dominant national discourse interacted dialectically with the simultaneous ...
... significantly to the discussion , their work lends itself to interpre- tations that posit two noncommunicative spheres : one communist and the other Indian.41 Taking that view beyond the authors ' intentions , some commentators in ...
... significantly , these chapters attempt to elucidate the dis- cursive expressions of ethnic militancy and populism . Chapter 4 concludes with a discussion of gender relations in the region . Chapter 5 offers a detailed account and ...
... significantly during the 1920s . Exports increased from 255,000 kilograms in 1920 to 347,000 in 1922.24 Most significantly , the agrarian élite invested in sugar , the country's second - most important commercial prod- uct . During the ...
... significantly , the notion of expanding land- holdings through purchases at the market price , far from representing greed , involved applying science and hard work to previously unproductive land . The increase in the number of ...
İçindekiler
1 | |
Politics and Labor in the 1920s | 32 |
The Social Geography and Culture of Mobilization | 63 |
Ethnic Conflict and Mestizajein Western Salvador 19141931 | 99 |
Repression and Radicalization September 1931January 1932 | 132 |
The Insurrection of January 1932 | 170 |
The Counter revolutionary Massacres | 209 |
The Political and Cultural Consequences of 1932 | 240 |
Epilogue | 275 |
Afterword | 281 |
Notes | 291 |
Bibliography | 375 |
Index | 387 |