A HISTORY OF THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE PAPACY AND THE ENGLISH STATE AND CHURCH FROM THE NORMAN CONQUEST TO THE REVOLUTION OF 1688. BY T. DUNBAR INGRAM, LL.D. OF LINCOLN'S INN, BARRISTER-AT-LAW LONDON 3.60 D145 ·154 PREFACE THE three most ancient and most venerable Establishments in Europe are, the Papacy, the English Church, and the English Monarchy. Of all the Western nations, England has been the most uniform and homogeneous in her growth, and amongst her people a sense of unity, under a central government which represented the national consciousness, was developed far earlier than in the other communities. That feeling hardly existed in France before the English were driven out of the country. In Germany it was impeded and delayed by her fatal connexion with Italy. Spain was consolidated by her long wars with the Saracenic infidels which ended in comparatively modern times. Italy is the newest birth into the family of nations. With respect to the English Church, though the conversion of the Anglo-Saxons dates from the coming of Augustine in 596, yet, if we add to the thirteen centuries of its existence, the period during which the elder branch |