A prediction of

B. C. cir. 715.

cir. annum

B. C. cır. 715.

cir. annum

A. M. cir. 3289. that Tyre shall be forgotten of seventy years, that the LORD A. M. cir. 3299 will visit Tyre, and she shall turn Olymp. XVI. 2 to her hire, and shall commit Numa Pomptlii fornication with all the king- R. Roman., 1. doins of the world upon the face of the earth.

Olymp. XVI. 2. seventy years, according to the
Numa Pompilii, days of one king: after the end
R. Roman, 1. of seventy years shall Tyre
sing as a harlot.

16 Take a harp, go about the city, thou harlot that hast been forgotten; make sweet melody, sing many songs, that thou mayest be

remembered.

18 And her merchandise and her hire shall be holiness to the LORD: it shall not be treasured nor laid up; for her merchandise shall be for them that dwell before the LORD, to

17 And it shall come to pass after the end eat sufficiently, and for durable clothing.

Heb. it shall be unto Tyre as the song of a harlot.

Rev. xvii. 2.- Zech. xiv. 20, 21.————▾ Heb. old.
Nor harlot minstrel sings, when the rude sound
Tempts you with heavy heels to thump the ground.”
FRANCIS.

These seventy years limit the duration of the Baby-" lonish monarchy. Tyre was taken by him towards the middle of that period; so did not serve the king of Babylon during the whole period, but only for the reSir John Chardin, in his MS. note on this place, maining part of it. This seems to be the meaning of says:-C'est que les vielles prostituées,-ne font que Isaiah; the days allotted to the one king or kingdom, chanter quand les jeunes dancent, et les animer par are seventy years; Tyre, with the rest of the conquer-l'instrument et par la voix. "The old prostitutes do ed nations, shall continue in a state of subjection and nothing but sing, while the young ones dance; and desolation to the end of that period. Not from the be-animate them both by vocal and instrumental music." ginning and through the whole of the period; for, by being one of the latest conquests, the duration of that state of subjection in regard to her, was not much more than half of it. “All these nations," saith Jeremiah, xxv. 11, “shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years." Some of them were conquered sooner, some later; but the end of this period was the common term for the deliverance of them all.

Verse 17. After the end of seventy years] Tyre, after its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar, recovered. as it is here foretold, its ancient trade, wealth, and grandeur; as it did likewise after a second destruction by Alexander. It became Christian early with the rest of the neighbouring countries. St. Paul himself found many Christians there, Acts xxi. 4. It suffered much in the Diocletian persecution. It was an archbishopric under the patriarchate of Jerusalem, with fourteen bishtill it was taken by the Saracens in 639; was recooprics under its jurisdiction. It continued Christian vered by the Christians in 1124; but in 1280 was conquered by the Mamelukes, and afterwards taken from them by the Turks in 1517. Since that time it

has sunk into utter decay; is now a mere ruin, a bare rock, "a place to spread nets upon," as the Prophet Ezekiel foretold it should be, chap. xxvi. 14. See Sandy's Travels; Vitringa on the place; Bp. Newton on the Prophecies, Dissert. xi.

CHAPTER XXIV.

Dreadful judgments impending over the people of God, 1-4. Particular enumeration of the horrid impieties which provoked the Divine vengeance, 5, 6. Great political wretchedness of the transgressors, 7-12. The calamities shall be so great that only a small remnant shall be left in the land, as it were the gleanings of the vintage, 13. The rest, scattered over the different countries, spread there the knowledge of God, 14-16. Strong figures by which the great distress and long captivity of the transgressors are set forth, 17-22. Gracious promise of a redemption from captivity; and of an extension of the kingdom of God in the latter days, attended with such glorious circumstances as totally to eclipse the light and splendour of the previous dispensation, 23.

A. M. cir 3292.

B. C. cir. 712 BEHOLD, the LORD maketheth abroad the
Olymp. XVII. 1. the earth empty, and mak- thereof.

cir. annum

R. Roman., 4.

b

inhabitants A. M. cir. 3292.

с

Numa Pompilii, eth it waste, and a turneth 2 And it shall be, as with the it upside down, and scatter- people, so with the priest; as b Or, prince.- Hos. iv. 9.

a Heb. perverteth the face thereof.

B. C. cir. 712. Olymp. XVII. 1.

cir. annum

Numa Pompilii,

R. Roman., 4.

From the thirteenth chapter to the twenty-third in-nounced: of Babylon, of the Philistines, Moab, Daclusive, the fate of several cities and nations is de- mascus, Egypt, Tyre. After having foretold the de

CHAP. XXIV.

A. M. cir. 3292. With the servant, so with his mas- 8 The mirth of tabrets ceasOlymp. XVII. 1. ter; as with the maid, so with eth, the noise of them that reith eth Numa Pompilii, her mistress; as with the buyer, joice endeth, the joy of the harp so with the seller; as with the ceaseth.. lender, so with the borrower; as with the taker of usury, so with the giver of usury to him. 3 The land shall be utterly emptied, and utterly spoiled: for the LORD hath spoken this word.

A prediction of

A. M. cir. 3292.
B. C. cir. 712.

cir. annum

B. C. cir. 712.

15 Wherefore glorify ye the wo unto me! Pthe treacherous A. M. cir. 3292. dealers have dealt treacherously;

Olymp. XVII. 1. LORD in the fires, even m the name of the LORD God of Israel R. Roman., 4. in the isles of the sea.

Numa Pompilii,

16 From the uttermost part of the earth

yea, the treacherous dealers have
dealt very treacherously.

17 Fear, and the pit, and the

Olymp. XVII. 1.

cir. annum

Numa Pompili,

R. Roman, 4

snare, are

have we heard songs, even glory to the right-upon thee, O inhabitant of the earth. eous. But I said, My leanness, my leanness,

18 And it shall come to pass, that he who

1 Or, valleys.- Mal. i. 11.Heb. wing.- - Heb. Leanness P Jer. v. 11.- 4 See 1 Kings xix. 17; Jer. xlviii. 43, 44; Amos to me, or My secret to me.

the celebration of the name of JEHOVAH in the waters,

v. 19. - Psa. lxix. 22.

has a strange connexion of uncouth sounds: 128)

,Vaomer לי רזי לי אוי לי בוגדים בגדו ונגד בגדים בגדו | in the distant coasts, and in the uttermost parts of the

land. Theod.; not DD miyam from the sea. Verse 15. In the isles of the sea-" In the distant coasts of the sea."] For DN beurim, in the valleys, I suppose we ought to read □ beiyim, in the isles, which is in a great degree justified by the repetition of the word in the next member of the sentence, with the addition of 'n haiyam, the sea, to vary the phrase, exactly in the manner of the prophet. D iyim is a word chiefly applied to any distant countries, especially If they escape one calamity, another shall overtake those lying on the Mediterranean Sea. Others con

D'mayim, the waters; idwp, Sept.; idara, razi li razi li, oí li, bogedim bagadu, ubeged bogedim

bagadu. This may be equalled by the translation in my Old MS. Bible: And * seide, mp privepe thinge to me: my pribepe thinge to me: woo to me: The lawe brepkpnge thei breken: and in lawe brekpnge of the overdon thingis, thep brekèn the lawe.

The treacherous dealers have dealt treacherously— "The plunderers plunder "] See note on chap. xxi. 2. Verse 17. Fear, and the pit-" The terror, the pit "]

them.

,beummim באמים,beharim בהרים,biorim ביארים jecture באר beurim, a באורים,bechorim בחורים,beammim בעמים

"As if a man should flee from a lion, and a bear should overtake him :

Or should betake himself to his house, and lean his hand on the wall,

And a serpent should bite him." Amos v. 19.

bar, illustrati.-Le Clerc. Twenty-three MSS. of Kennicott's, many of De Rossi's, and some of my own, read beorim, in the valleys. The Septuagint do not acknowledge the reading of the text, expressing ́here only the word DN iyim, &v Tais vndois, in the "For," as our Saviour expressed it in a like parabolical islands, and that not repeated. But MSS. Pachom.manner, "wheresqever the carcass is, there shall the and 1. D. 11. supply in this place the defect in the other eagles be gathered together," Matt. xxiv. 28. The copies of the Septuagint thus, Aia souro doğa Ku- images are taken from the different methods of huntβίου εσται εν ταις νήσοις της θαλάσσης· ἐν ταις νήσοις ing and taking wild beasts, which were anciently in το όνομα του Κυρίου Θεού Ισραηλ ενδοξον εσται “ There- use. The terror was a line strung with feathers of fore the glory of the Lord shall be in the isles of the all colours, which fluttering in the air scared and frightsea in the islands shall the name of the Lord God of ened the beasts into the toils, or into the pit which was Israel be glorified." Kimchi says, that by 'n beu- prepared for them. Nec est mirum, cum maximos ferim, in the valleys, is meant the cities, because they rarum greges linea pennis distincta contineat, et in inwere generally built in valleys. The Vulgate has insidias agat, ab ipso effectu dicta formido. Seneca de doctrinis, and so my old MS., in techingis. Coverdale translates, Praise the name of the Lord God of Israel in the valleys and in the floodis. It should not be rendered in the fires; none of the ancient Versions understood it thus. According to which the Septuagint had in their Hebrew copy " beiyim, repeated afterwards, not beurim.

Verse 16. But I said] The prophet speaks in the person of the inhabitants of the land still remaining there, who should be pursued by Divine vengeance, and suffer repeated distresses from the inroads and depredations of their powerful enemies. Agreeably to what he said before in a general denunciation of these calamities:

Though there be a tenth part remaining in it;
Even this shall undergo a repeated destruction."
Chap. vi. 13. See the note there.-L.

My leanness, my leanness—Or, my secret; so the Vulgate, Montanus, and my old MS. razan has this meaning in Chaldee; but in Hebrew it signifies to make lean, to waste. This sentence in the Hebrew

114

Ira, ii. 12. The pit or pitfall, fovea; digged deep in the ground, and covered over with green boughs, turf, &c., in order to deceive them, that they might fall into it unawares. The snare, or toils, indago; a series of nets, inclosing at first a great space of ground, in which the wild beasts were known to be; and then drawn in by degrees into a narrower compass, till they were at last closely shut up, and entangled in them.-L.

Formikkol, a MS. reads ' mippeney, as it is in Jer. xlviii. 44, and so the Vulgate and Chaldee. But perhaps it is only, like the latter, a Hebraism, and means no more than the simple preposition mem: See Psa. cii. 6. For it does not appear that the terror was intended to scare the wild beasts by its noise. ronomasia is very reinarkable; o pachad, no pachath, pach: and that it was a common proverbial form, appears from Jeremiah's repeating it in the same words, chap. xlviii. 43, 44.

The pa

Verse 18. Out of the midst of the pit-" From the pit"] For mittoch, from the midst of, a MS. reads 1 min, from, as it is in Jer. xlviii. 44; and so likewise the Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate. ( 8 )

22 And they shall be gathered together, they as prisoners are gathered in the pit, and shall be shut up in the prison, and after many days shall they be visited.

19 "The earth is utterly broken down, earth is clean dissolved, the earth is moved exceedingly.

20 The earth shall reel, to and fro like a drunkard, and shall be removed like a cottage; and the transgression thereof shall be heavy upon it; and it shall fall, and not rise again.

Gen. vii. 11. Psa. xviii. 7.- - Jer. iv. 23.- ——▾ Chap. xix. 14. Heb. visit upon. - Psa. lxxvi. 12.- y Heb. with the gathering of prisoners. Or, dungeon.

Verse 19. The earth-"The land"] haarets, cordingly the whole world natural, consisting of heaven forte delendum ♬ he, ut ex præcedente ortum. Vid. and earth, signifies the whole world politic, consisting seqq.-Secker. "Probably the he, in haarets, of thrones and people; or so much of it as is consishould be blotted out, as having arisen from the pre-dered in prophecy and the things in that world sigceding."

Verse 20. Like a cottage "Like a lodge for a night"] See note on chap. i. 8.

Verse 21. On high--upon the earth.] That is, the ecclesiastical and civil polity of the Jews, which shall be destroyed. The nation shall continue in a state of depression and dereliction for a long time. The image seems to be taken from the practice of the great monarchs of that time; who, when they had thrown their wretched captives into a dungeon, never gave themselves the trouble of inquiring about them; but let them lie a long time in that miserable condition, wholly destitute of relief, and disregarded. God shall at length revisit and restore his people in the last age: and then the kingdom of God shall be established in such perfection, as wholly to obscure and eclipse the glory of the temporary, typical, preparative kingdom now subsisting.

Verse 23. Before his ancients gloriously] En the sigt of their olde men he schal ben gloristed, Old MS. BIBLE.

nify the analogous things in this. For the heavens and the things therein signify thrones and dignities, and those who enjoy them; and the earth with the things thereon, the inferior people; and the lowest parts of the earth, called hades or hell, the lowest or most miserable part of them. Great earthquakes, and the shaking of heaven and earth, are put for the shaking of kingdoms, so as to distract and overthrow them; the creating a new heaven and earth, and the passing away of an old one, or the beginning and end of a world, for the rise and ruin of a body politic signified thereby. The sun, for the whole species and race of kings, in the kingdoms of the world politic; the moon, for the body of the common people, considered as the king's wife; the stars, for subordinate princes and great men ; or for bishops and rulers of the people of God, when the sun is Christ: setting of the sun, moon, and stars, darkening the sun, turning the moon into blood, and falling of the stars, for the ceasing of a kingdom.” Sir I. Newton's Observations on the Prophecies, Part I., chap. 2.

These observations are of great consequence and use, in explaining the phraseology of the pro

"The figurative language of the prophets is taken from the analogy between the world natural and an empire or kingdom considered as a world politic. - Ac-phets.

CHAPTER XXV.

The short glance which the prophet gave at the promised restoration of the people of God and the Messiah's kingdom, in the close of the preceding chapter, makes him break out into a rapturous song of praise in this, where, although he alludes to temporal mercies, such as the destruction of the cities which had been at war with Zion, the ruin of Moab, and other signal interpositions of Divine Providence in behalf of the Jews; yet he is evidently impressed with a more lively sense of future and much higher blessings under the Gospel dispensation, in the plenitude of its revelation, of which the temporal deliverances vouchsafed at various times to the primitive kingdoms of Israel and Judah were the prototypes, 1–5. These blessings are described under the figure of a feast made for all nations, 6; the removing of a veil from their faces, 7; the total extinction of the empire of death by the resurrection from the dead, the exclusion of all sorrow, and the final overthrow of all the enemies of the people of God, 8-12.

Thanksgiving for

A. cir.

4. M. eir: 3292.

B. C. cir. 712. Olymp. XVII. 1.

ISAIAH.

B. C. eir. 712.

approaching deliverance. LORD, thou art my God; I fuge from the storm, a shadow A. M. eir. 3292. will exalt thee, I will praise from the heat, when the blast of Olymp. XVII L Numa Pompilii, thy name; for thou hast done the terrible ones is as a storm Numa Pompalii, R. Roman., 4. Wonderful things; thy counsels against the wall. of old are faithfulness and truth.

cir. annum

2 For thou hast made of a city a heap; of a defenced city a ruin: a palace of strangers to be no city; it shall never be built.

e

cir. annum

R. Roman..

5 Thou shalt bring down the noise of strangers, as the heat in a dry place; even the heat with the shadow of a cloud: the branch of the terrible ones shall be brought low.

3 Therefore shall the strong people glorify. 6 And in this mountain shall the LORD thee, the city of the terrible nations shall fear of hosts make unto all people a feast of fat thee. things, a feast of wines on the lees, of fat things full of marrow, of wines on the lees well refined..

Rev. xi. 13. Chap. iv. 6.- Chap. ii. 2, 3. Prov. ix. 2; Matt. xxii. 4. Dan. vii. 14; Matt. viii. 11.

קיר

4. For thou hast been a strength to the poor, a strength to the needy in his distress, fa rea Exod. xv. 2; Psa. cxviii. 28. Psa. xcviii. 1. -c Num. xxiii. 19. Chap. xxi. 9; xxiii. 13; Jer. li. 37. It does not appear to me that this chapter has any 14, in the Septuagint; and Psa. liv. 5, where the Chalclose and particular connexion with the chapter imme-dee reads Di zedim, compared with Psa. lxxxvi. 16. diately preceding, taken separately, and by itself. The Verse 4. As a storm against the wall" Like a subject of that was the desolation of the land of Israel winter-storm."] For p kir, read up kor: or, as ir and Judah, by the just judgment of God, for the wick- from yarar, so kir from p karar.-Capellus. edness and disobedience of the people: which, taken Verse 5. Of strangers-" Of the proud"] The same by itself, seems not with any propriety to introduce a mistake here as in ver. 2: see the note there. Here hymn of thanksgiving to God for his mercies to his zedim the proud, is parallel to □ aritsim, the people in delivering them from their enemies. But formidable: as in Psa. liv. 5, and lxxxvi. 14. taking the whole course of prophecies, from the thirteenth to the twenty-fourth chapter inclusive, in which the prophet foretells the destruction of several cities and nations, enemies to the Jews, and of the land of Judah itself, yet with intimations of a remnant to be saved, and a restoration to be at length effected by a glorious establishment of the kingdom of God: with a view to this extensive scene of God's providence in all its parts, and in all its consequences, the prophet may well be supposed to break out into this song of praise; in which his mind seems to be more possessed with the prospect of future mercies than with the recollection of the past.-L.

NOTES ON CHAP. XXV.

Verse 1. Thy counsels of old are faithfulness and truth.] That is, All thy past declarations by the prophets shall be fulfilled in their proper time.

Verse 2. A city-"The city"] Nineveh, Babylon, Ar, Moab, or any other strong fortress possessed by the enemies of the people of God.

For the first meir, of a city, the Syriac and Vulgate read yn hair, the city; the Septuagint and Chaldee read Dy arim, cities, in the plural, transposing the letters. After the second vy meir, à MS. adds blagol, for a heap.

The heat with the shadow of a cloud-" As the heat by a thick cloud"] For choreb, the Syriac, Chaldee, Vulgate, and two MSS. read n kechoreb; which is a repetition of the beginning of the foregoing parallel line; and the verse taken out of the parallel form, and more fully expressed, would run thus: "As a thick cloud interposing tempers the heat of the sun on the burnt soil; so shalt thou, by the interposition of thy power, bring low and abate the tumult of the proud, and the triumph of the formidable."

Verse 6. In this mountain] Zion, at Jerusalem. In his Church.

Shall the Lord of hosts make unto all people a feast] Salvation by Jesus Christ. A feast is a proper and usual expression of joy in consequence of victory, or any other great success. The feast here spoken of is to be celebrated on Mount Sion; and all people, without distinction, are to be invited to it. This can be no other than the celebration of the establishment of Christ's kingdom, which is frequently represented in the Gospel under the image of a feast; "where many shall come from the east and west, and shall sit down at table with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven;" Matt. vii. 11. See also Luke xiv. 16; xxiv. 29, 30. This sense is fully confirmed by the concomitants of this feast expressed in the next verse; the removing of the veil from the face of the nations, and the abolition of death: the first of which is obviously and clearly explained of the preaching of the Gospel; and the second must mean the blessing of immortality procured for us by Christ, "who hath abolished death, and through death hath destroyed him

A palace of strangers-"The palace of the proud ones"] For D zarim, strangers, MS. Bodl. and another read zedim, the proud: so likewise the Septuagint; for they render it asßwv here, and in ver. 5, as they do in some other places: see Deut. xviii. 20, 22. Another MS. reads DX tsarim, adversaries; which also makes a good sense. But that had the power of death." zarim, strangers, and □ zedim, the proud, are often confounded by the great similitude of the letters daleth and resh. See Mal. iii. 15, iv. 1; Psa. xix.

Of wines on the lees-" Of old wines"] Heb. lees; that is, of wines kept long on the lees. The word used to express the lees in the original signifies the