CONTENTS.

LECTURE I.

INTRODUCTORY.

THE CONTROVERSY WITH ROME

Reasons for the recent decline of interest in the controversy, pp. 2—5.

(a) Disestablishment, p. 2; (b) reaction against anti-Romanist over-state-

ments, pp. 2, 3; (c) increased circulation of Roman Catholic books of

devotion, p. 4; (d) the struggle with unbelief, p. 4; (e) the growth of

scepticism, p. 5. The study, nevertheless, profitable, p. 6. Controversy,

though not always expedient, p. 6, sometimes necessary in self-

defence, p. 7. The examination of the Roman claims, a duty, p. 8.

The use of the word Protestant, p. 9. What must be proved to clear us

from the guilt of schism, p. 10. Apparent antagonism to Scripture of

Roman Catholic doctrines, p. 11; yet discussion, on Scripture grounds,

often, in practice, ineffective, p. 12. The danger of using weak argu.

ments, p. 13. The untrustworthiness of controversial quotations, p. 15.

The spirit in which controversy ought to be engaged in, p. 16.

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I

LECTURE II.

THE CARDINAL IMPORTANCE OF THE QUESTION OF INFAL-

LIBILITY

Evident from a priori considerations, p. 17; from the history of the

controversy in recent times, p. 18. Disproof of Romish doctrines in the

Tracts for the Times, p. 19; by men who afterwards became Romanists

themselves, p. 19. What is really meant by acceptance of the Roman

claim to Infallibility, p. 19. Modern changes in Romish teaching, p. 20.

Definition of the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception, p. 20. The

Pope's personal infallibility, p. 20. The Vatican Council, p. 21. Origin

of the Old Catholics, p. 22; their inconsistency, p. 23. Changes in

Roman Catholic text-books made necessary by Vatican Council, p. 24.

Bailly's Theology, p. 24. Keenan's Catechism, p. 25. Roman Catholics

acknowledge that the Bible alone furnishes no sufficient basis for their

system, p. 27; in this they differ from early Fathers, p. 27. Bellarmine's

rule respecting tradition, p. 28. Jewel's challenge, p. 28.

17

Newman's Essay on Development, pp. 29–41; anticipations of the

theory, p. 30; applications of it, p. 31; it completely abandons the old

defence made by R. C. advocates, p. 32. The Council of Trent-Milner,

Wiseman, p. 32. Veneration for the Fathers traditional in Roman Church,

p. 33; this veneration not consistent with theory of Development, p. 33.

The controversy between Bossuet and Jurieu, p. 34. The theory of

Development then maintained by the Calvinist, p. 34; and also by Petau,

p. 34. Bossuet's opposition to the theory, p. 35. Bishop Bull's great

work, p. 35. Newman's Essay doubtfully received at first, p. 36. A

Romanist advocate strongly tempted to accept it, p. 37. Newman on

Invocation of the Virgin, p. 37. The doctrine of Development concedes

all that the opponents of Romanism require, p. 38; useless to Romanists

if not supplemented by doctrine of Infallibility, p. 38. The doctrine of

Development would equally serve to justify Protestantism, p. 39. Great

historic difficulty in the way of the doctrine, p. 39. Local limitation of

alleged developments, p. 40. Superiority of Protestant developments,

p. 40. Manning and Spurgeon, p. 42. Infidel tendency of Roman

Catholic line of argument, p. 43.

Particular topics of controversy cannot be safely neglected, p. 44.

Ordinary history of conversions from Romanism, p. 45.

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LECTURE III.

THE ARGUMENT IN A CIRCLE

PRIVATE JUDGMENT, pp. 46–52. Source of the craving for an infallible

guide, p. 46. Private judgment and infallibility not opposed, p. 46.

Necessity of private judgment, p. 47. Proof that submission to Rome

rests on an act of private judgment, p. 47. How to use private judg-

ment, p. 49. On what grounds deference is claimed for the authority

of the Pope, p. 50. The deference which a learned divine may claim is

not rightly compared to that which a physician may demand from his

patients, p. 51. Basis of a Roman Catholic's faith, p. 51. No proof of

infallibility possible without arguing in a circle, p. 52. Bishop Clifford's

attempt to escape this difficulty, p. 55. Newman's method, p. 57. In

Church of Rome, no subsequent verification of her teaching possible,

p. 58. Mallock's revival of Newman's argument, p. 59. Infidel tendency

of his position, p. 59.

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LECTURE IV.

THE GRAMMAR OF ASSENT

Mr. Capes' reasons for returning to the Church of England, p. 61. To

what kind of certainty Roman Catholics lay claim, p. 61. The theory

of the Vatican Council, p. 61. How to escape detection in arguing from

a false principle, p. 62.

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Newman's Grammar of Assent, pp. 63-77. How we get beliefs,

p. 63.
Locke's dictum as to the assent with which we ought to

entertain beliefs, p. 65. Clifford's Ethics of Belief, p. 65. On what

depends our confidence in traditional belief, p. 66; on what our con-

fidence in the Church's teaching, p. 67. Newman's theory of an

'illative sense,' p. 68. Can a man be certain of anything without being

infallible? p. 71. About what things may we be thus certain? p. 72.

The authority of the Pope not one of them, p. 72. No sharp line to be

drawn between certainty and high probability, p. 73. Indefectibility,

whether an attribute of certainty, p. 74. The more we talk of certainty

the less we have, p. 76.

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Milner's three axioms, p. 78. The two rules of faith which he pronounces

fallacious, p. 79. The insecurity of reliance on a supposed immediate

personal revelation, p. 79. The doctrine about Faith laid down by the

Vatican Council, p. 80. The foundation of a Roman Catholic's confi-

dence proved by Milner to be fallacious, p. 81. Milner's second fallacious

rule, p. 81. Roman Catholic controversialists inconsistent in refusing to

admit the inerrancy of Scripture, p. 82. The argument, 'If our Lord

had intended His people to learn His religion from a book, He would

have written it Himself,' p. 82. The Bible as a guide does not satisfy

the conditions imposed by Milner's axioms, p. 84. Milner's alleged true

rule, p. 84. This rule not secure or never-failing, p. 84. Bossuet's

Variations, p. 85. A Protestant not much affected by the argument from

variations, p. 85. What is really proved by the existence of variations,

p. 86. Bossuet has been treated by the predominant Roman Catholic

school of the present day as no better than a Protestant, p. 87. Examina-

tion of Milner's axioms, p. 88. Monstrous character of the claim made in

them, p. 88. His maxim, when amended, may be used against the Church

of Rome, p. 89. Patristic authority for asserting that the obscurities of

Scripture do not affect essential matters, p. 89. The decrees of Councils

not even intelligible to the unlearned, p. 90. Explicit and implicit belief,

p. 91. Fides Carbonarii, p. 92. Material and formal heresy, p. 93.

This theory represents the Church as making the way of salvation more

difficult, p. 93. Of what things Roman Catholics are now required to

have explicit knowledge, p. 94. The teaching on this subject of Inno-

cent IV., p. 95. Later editions of Furniss's What every Christian must

know, p. 95. Necessity for an infallible guide only arises where explicit

knowledge is required, p. 96. An act of faith, p. 97. A Protestant

safe, even if Roman Infallibility is a revealed doctrine, p. 97.

b

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LECTURE VI.

MILNER'S AXIOMS.-PART II.

Falsity of Milner's axiom if asserted of truths important, but not neces-

sary to salvation, pp. 98-107. No infallible means provided for finding

the true Church, p. 98; none for obtaining secular knowledge, p. 99.

The analogy of disease and its remedies, p. 100. The analogy of the

case of sin and holiness, p. 100. The Church not secured against the

temporary prevalence of great moral corruption, p. 101. Testimony of

Baronius, p. 101. Like safeguards vouchsafed by God against sin and

against error, p. 102. Same considerations available for mitigating the

difficulty of the existence of evil and of error, p. 103. Physical evil, p. 103.

Defects of knowledge, p. 104. The prevalence of sin, p. 105. Benumb-

ing effect of the doctrine of infallibility, p. 106. Testimony of Mr.

Maskell, p. 106. The unreality of unintelligent faith, p. 107.

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LECTURE VII.

THE CHURCH'S OFFICE OF TEACHING

In no subject can we dispense with teachers, p. 108; but our teachers are

not infallible, p. 109. What is really meant by an infallible Church,

p. 110. The analogy of University teaching, p. 110. The conditions of

progress for the human race, p. III. Mutual concessions on this subject

have now left little room for controversy, p. 112. How Christ intended

us to learn His religion, p. 113. The service actually rendered by the

Church, p. 115; may be fully admitted without owning her infallibility,

p. 115. True analogy to the relation between a Christian teacher and

his pupils, p. 115. If the Church be infallible, the Bible is useless and

mischievous, p. 116. The early Church encouraged Bible-reading, p. 116.

St. Chrysostom on the study of Scripture, pp. 118-121. What Roman

Catholics say in reply, p. 121. Discouragement of Bible-reading by

modern Church of Rome, p. 123.

LECTURE VIII.

THE CHURCH's Sources of Proof

Dr. Hawkins' formula, p. 124. The method of the Church of England,

p. 124. The method of the Council of Trent, p. 125. The rule of faith,

as laid down by Bellarmine, p. 125. Fallacy in the argument that the

Word of God has equal claims to acceptance whether it comes to you by

writing or orally, p. 125. The question about the rule of faith a subordi-

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