To Rise in Darkness: Revolution, Repression, and Memory in El Salvador, 1920–1932

Ön Kapak
Duke University Press, 9 Tem 2008 - 368 sayfa
To Rise in Darkness offers a new perspective on a defining moment in modern Central American history. In January 1932 thousands of indigenous and ladino (non-Indian) rural laborers, provoked by electoral fraud and the repression of strikes, rose up and took control of several municipalities in central and western El Salvador. Within days the military and civilian militias retook the towns and executed thousands of people, most of whom were indigenous. This event, known as la Matanza (the massacre), has received relatively little scholarly attention. In To Rise in Darkness, Jeffrey L. Gould and Aldo A. Lauria-Santiago investigate memories of the massacre and its long-term cultural and political consequences.

Gould conducted more than two hundred interviews with survivors of la Matanza and their descendants. He and Lauria-Santiago combine individual accounts with documentary sources from archives in El Salvador, Guatemala, Washington, London, and Moscow. They describe the political, economic, and cultural landscape of El Salvador during the 1920s and early 1930s, and offer a detailed narrative of the uprising and massacre. The authors challenge the prevailing idea that the Communist organizers of the uprising and the rural Indians who participated in it were two distinct groups. Gould and Lauria-Santiago demonstrate that many Communist militants were themselves rural Indians, some of whom had been union activists on the coffee plantations for several years prior to the rebellion. Moreover, by meticulously documenting local variations in class relations, ethnic identity, and political commitment, the authors show that those groups considered “Indian” in western El Salvador were far from homogeneous. The united revolutionary movement of January 1932 emerged out of significant cultural difference and conflict.

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İçindekiler

Garden of Despair The Political Economy of Class Land and Labor 19201929
1
A Bittersweet Transition Politics and Labor in the 1920s
32
Fiestas of the Oppressed The Social Geography and Culture of Mobilization
63
Ese Trabajo Era Enteramente de los Naturales Ethnic Conflict and Mestizaje in Western Salvador 19141931
99
To the Face of the Entire World Repression and Radicalization September 1931January 1932
132
Red Ribbons and Machetes The Insurrection of January 1932
170
They Killed the Just for the Sinners The Counterrevolutionary Massacres
209
Memories of La Matanza The Political and Cultural Consequences of 1932
240
Epilogue
275
Scars of Memory Notes On Documentary Film Politics and History Jeffrey L Gould
281
Notes
291
Bibliography
343
Index
355
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