finguish them from those of Paul's hand. Charles had a very fine genius for painting, and at eighteen years of age had done fome rare pieces. 'Tis thought, if he had lived, that he would have exceeded his father; but contracting an impoftume in his breaft, by applying too intensely to his profeffion, he died of it in the year 1596, when he was only twenty fix years old. Gabriel had no great genius for painting; and therefore, after his brother's decease, applied himfelf to merchandize. Yet he did not quite lay afide his pencil, but made a confiderable number of portraits, and fome history-pieces of a very good gufto. He died of the plague in the year 1631, aged 63.

There was alfo Benedict Cagliari, a painter and fculptor, who was Paul's brother, and lived and ftudied with him. He affifted him, and afterwards his fons, in finishing several of their compofitions; but especially in painting architecture, in which he chiefly delighted. His ftile in painting was like his brother's; and not being ambitious enough of fame to keep his productions feparate, they are in a great measure confounded with Paul's. He practiced for the most part in frefco; and fome of his best pieces are in chiaro-obfcuro. He poffeffed moreover a tolerable ftock of learning, was fomething of a poet, and had a peculiar talent in fatyr. He died, aged fixty, in the year 1598.

CAJETAN, a cardinal, was born in the year 1469, at Cajeta, a town in the kingdom of Naples. His proper name was Thomas de Vio; but he took that of Cajetan from the place of his nativity. He was entered of the order of St. Dominic, of which he became an illuftrious ornament; and having taken a doctor's degree, when he was about two and twenty years of age, he taught philofophy and divinity first at Paris, and afterwards at Rome. He went regularly through all the honours of his order, till he was made general of it, which office he exercised for ten years. He defended the authority of the pope, which fuffered greatly at the council of Nice, in a work entitled, Of the power of the pope; and for his zeal upon this occafion, he was made bishop of Cajeta. Then he was raised to the archiepifcopal fee of Palermo; and in the year 1517, made a cardinal by pope Leo X. The year after he was fent a legate into Germany, to quell the commotions, which Luther had raifed by the oppofition he had given to Leo's indulgences; but Luther, being under the particular protection of Frederic, elector of Saxony, fet him at defiance; and though, in

obedience to the cardinal's fummons, he repaired to Augfburg, yet he rendered his endeavours of none effect. Cajetan was employed in feveral other negotiations and transactions, being not only a man of letters, but having a peculiar turn for bufinefs; and at length died, in the year 1534, when he was fixty five years and twenty nine days old.

Sixtus Senenfis tells us, that he was a moft fubtle logician, an admirable philosopher, and an incomparable divine. He wrote commentaries upon Ariftotle's philofophy, and upon Thomas Aquinas's theology. He gave a literal tranflation of all the books of the Old and New Teftaments from the originals, excepting Solomon's fong, and the Prophets, which he had begun, but did not live to proceed far in; and the Revelations of St. John, which he defignedly omitted, faying, that to explain them, it was neceffary for a man to be endued, not with parts and learning, but with the Sixtus Sen. fpirit of prophefy. Father Simon's account of him, as a tranflator of the Bible, is critical and historical. "Cardinal "Cajetan, fays he, was very fond of tranflations of the "Bible purely literal; being perfuaded, that the scripture "could not be tranflated too literally, it being the word of ❝ God, to which it is exprefsly forbid either to add or di

Bibl.

minish any thing. This cardinal, in his preface to the "Pfalms, largely explains the method he obferved in his "tranflation of that book; and he affirms, that although "he knew nothing of the Hebrew, yet he had translated 66 part of the Bible word for word from it. For this pur"pose he made use of two perfons, who understood the language well, the one a Jew, the other a Chriftian, whom ❝he defired to tranflate the Hebrew words exactly accor"ding to the letter and grammar, although their tranfla"tion might appear to make no fenfe at all. I own, fays "he, that my interpreters were often saying to me, this He"brew diction is literally fo, but then the fenfe will not be "clear, unless it be changed fo: to whom I, when I heard "all the different fignifications, conftantly replied, never "trouble yourselves about the fenfe, if it does not appear to

you, because it is not your business to expound, but to "interpret: do you interpret it exactly as it lies, and leave Hift. Crit. to the expofitors the care of making fenfe of it." Cardinal

du V. T.

Liv, ii. c.

Pallavicini, who looked upon this opinion of Cajetan's as too bold, fays, that Cajetan, "who has fucceeded to the "admiration of the whole world in his other works, got no reputation by what he did upon the Bible, because he

"followed

"followed the prejudices of thofe, who ftuck clofe to the Hift. of the "Hebrew grammar." But father Simon is of opinion, that council of he " may in fome measure be justified: for he did not, says

he, pretend to condemn the ancient Latin tranflator, or "the other tranflators of the Bible, but would only have "tranflations of the Bible to be made from the original as "literally as can be, because there are only these originals, " which can be called the pure word of God; and because "in tranflations, which are not literal, there are always "fome things limited, which do not thoroughly express the "original."

Trent. b. vi.

Hibernica,

CAIUS, or KAYES, (dr. JOHN) a very eminent Englifh physician, was born at Norwich upon the fixth of October, in the year 1510, and after he had been well inftituted in the belles lettres at a fchool in that city, was fent to Gonvil hall in Cambridge upon the twelfth of September, 1529. He took a bachelor and master of arts de- Tanner's gree at the regular times; and was chofen fellow of his Bibliotheca college in the year 1533. To accomplish himself as much as poffible in his profeffion, he formed a fcheme of traveling; and in the year 1539, fet out for Italy, making France, and Flanders, and Germany in his road. He ftudied at the univerfity of Padua under John Baptist Montanus, and took a doctor of phyfick's degree there, in the year 1541. He returned to England in the year 1544; and diftinguifhed himself fo greatly by his learning and uncommon skill in his profeffion, that he became at length phyfician to king Edward VI. and was afterwards continued in that place by the queens Mary and Elizabeth, till the year 1568, when he was turned out, as it is faid, upon a fufpicion of being too much attached to the popish religion. He wrote a great many books in Latin, among which were, 1. De ephemera Britannica, 2. De antiquitate Cantabrigienfis academiæ. 3. De canibus Britannicis. 4. De antiquis Britanniæ urbibus. 5. De annalibus collegii Gonevilli & Caii. Befides thefe original works, he tranflated a good part of Galen and Celfus into Latin, and made large annotations upon those authors. He died at Cambridge in the year 1573, when he was in his grand climacterick; and at his death gave his eftate to build a new college to Gonvil hall, and to maintain fome ftudents therein. This houfe is now called Gonvil and Kayes college, where the founder Cambden's has a monument in the chapel, with this infcription, Fui reign of Cajus,

hift. of the

queen Eliza

There beth.

Tanner, &c.

Athen.
Oxon.

Tanner.

There was also another John Caius, who lived fomewhat earlier, and was poet laureat to Edward IV. This Caius traveled alfo into Italy, and diftinguifhed himself by fome literary labours; particularly by a tranflation from the Latin of the History of the fiege of the ifle of Rhodes, which he dedicated to that king.

There was likewife Thomas Caius, a Lincolnshire man, who, as Anthony Wood tells us, "was an eminent Latinift, "Grecian, poet, orator, excellent for all kinds of worth, "and at length Antiquitatum Oxonienfium plane helluo." He was brought up at Oxford, and elected fellow of All Souls college in the year 1525. He was made register of the univerfity, which place he quitted about the year 1530, upon his becoming domeftic chaplain to John Longland, bifhop of Lincoln. In the year 1559, he was made a prebendary of Sarum, and master of Univerfity college in Oxford in the year 1561. All which preferments, together with the rectory of Tredington in Worcesterfhire, to which he was prefented in the year 1563, he held to the day of his death; and this happened in his lodge at Univerfity college Wood, &c, in May 1572. He wrote Affertio antiquitatis Oxonienfis academiæ, which he finifhed in feven days, and presented it in manufcript to queen Elizabeth at Oxford, upon her being entertained by the univerfity, in September 1566. A copy of this work coming to the hands of John Caius, the phyfician abovementioned, he wrote an answer to it in his book, intitled, De antiquitate Cantabrigienfis academiæ, and publifhed them both together in the year 1568, under the name of Londinenfis, and in 1574, under the name of John Caius. Thomas Caius wrote a reply, as Wood tells us, foon after the first edition of his Affertio was published, entitled, Examen judicii Cantabrigienfis cujufdam, qui fe Londinenfem dicit, nuper de origine utriufque academiæ lati: but this was never printed. Thomas Caius tranflated into English, at the request of queen Catharine Parr, Erasmus's paraphrase on St. Mark: alfo from English into Latin, the fermons of Longland bifhop of Lincoln; from Greek into Latin, Ariftotle's book De mirabilibus mundi, Euripides's tragedies, Ifocrates's Nicocles, &c. &c.

CALAMY (EDMUND) an eminent prefbyterian divine, Gen. Diet, was born at London, in February 1600, and educated at Pembroke-hall in Cambridge, where he took the degree of bachelor of arts in 1619, and that of bachelor of divinity

in 1632, His attachment to the Anti-arminian party hin- Ibid. dered him from obtaining a fellowship, when his standing entitled him to it; but he was at length chofen tanquam focius of that college. Dr. Felton bifhop of Ely took him afterwards into the number of his chaplains. In this station, he pursued his ftudies with great vigour, employing therein fixteen hours a day, He was prefented by that prelate to the vicarage of St. Mary's, in Swaff hamprior in Cambridge- Ibid. fhire, which he refigned, on being chofen, after dr. Felton's death (which happened in 1626) to be lecturer of St. Edmundfbury in Suffolk. Here he continued ten years; and is faid by fome writers to have been a very strict conformift: but when bishop Wren's articles, and the book of Sports came to be insisted on, he thought it his duty to avoid conforming for the future, and apologized for his former con- Ibid. duct in a recantation and retractation fermon, preached at Bury. After this, he was prefented by the earl of Effex to the rectory of Rochford in Effex. Upon the death of dr. Stoughton, he was chofen minister of St. Mary Aldermanbury; which brought him up to London in 1639. In July the fame year, he was incorporated into the university of Oxford. Upon the opening of the long parliament, in Novem- Biogr. Brit. ber 1640, he diftinguished himself in defence of the presbyterian caufe, and had a principal hand in writing the famous Smectymnuus, which, himself fays, gave the firft deadly blow to epifcopacy. The authors of this tract were five, the initial letters of whofe names compofe the word Smectymnuus, viz, Stephen Marfhal, Edmund Calamy, Thomas Young, Matthew Newcomen, and William Spurftow. It was published at London in 1641 in quarto, and entitled, An anfwer to a book entitled, An humble remonftrance: in which the original of liturgy and epifcopacy is difcuffed, and queries propounded concerning both; the parity of bifhops and prefbyters in fcripture demonftrated; the occa fion of their imparity in antiquity discovered; the difparity of the antient and our modern bishops manifefted; the antiquity of ruling elders in the church vindicated, the prelatical church bounded. Written by Smectymnuus. The Smectymnuus is mentioned by bishop Wilkins, in his discourse concerning the gift of preaching, as a capital work against epis- Gen, Dict. copacy. In 1641 the house of lords appointed mr. Calamy to be a member of the fub-committee for confidering of ways to accommodate ecclefiaftical affairs; " in which," fays dr. Calamy, in his Account of ejected members, "things were brought ❝ into a very hopeful posture; but the whole defign was spoiled

by