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2. You have arraigned at your bar, a young man of highly respectable parentage, and interesting to all the circumstances connected with this important transaction, just bursting from the bud of infancy, and opening in the blossom of youth. I have not been accustomed to address a jury of my beloved county of Columbia, with trembling or fear, or under circumstances calculated to deter me, from the discharge of my duty. Now, as on former occasions, I see in that jury box, men whom I have long known, and whom I honor and respect.

3. But, gentlemen, I know you to be but men, subject to the like passions, prejudices, and frailties of our nature. 1 tremble from another cause. I have been accustomed to address the minds of a jury, unwarped by prejudice, unruffled by passion, and undisturbed by feeling. I know the load of prejudice which has weighed down my client's hopes. Nothing has been left undone, which could be done, to operate against him. The most loathsome slanders have been circulated in the public prints, and even the altars of our God, have been defiled, by this vile spirit of persecution.

4. The learned counsel from New-York has compared me to a lion, that ferocious animal of the forest; but, gentlemen, I rather resemble the eagle, soaring aloft in his pride of place, and pouncing, if you please, upon a dove, and scattering his feathers, to the four winds of heaven. But let me tell you, gentlemen, if eagles pounce upon no better vermin, than the witness upon whose testimony the opposite counsel relies, nobody will be injured by it.

The above extract is from the speech of the late Elisha Williams, addressed to the jury upon the trial of Charles Taloe, for the murder of young Crandall of Kinderhook academy. The court interrupted Mr. Williams several times during the course of his remarks. At the close of them, the court peremptorily stated, that he must desist in casting dishonorable and uncalled for reflections. Mr. Williams, with perfect self-possession, and consummate address, turned his attention to the court, and, in an undertone of great force, said: "Heaven forbid that I should detract from the dignity of the court. I am willing to give it all the credit which is due."

77. ON KNOWLEDGE.-De Witt Clinton.

1. Pleasure is a shadow, wealth is vanity, and power a pageant; but knowledge is extatic in enjoyment, perennial in

fame, unlimited in space, and infinite in duration. In the performance of its sacred office, it fears no danger, spares no expense, omits no exertion.

2. It scales the mountain, looks into the volcano, dives into the ocean, perforates the earth, wings its flight into the skies, encircles the globe, explores the sea and land, contemplates the distant, examines the minute, comprehends the great, ascends to the sublime; no place too remote for its grasp, no heavens too exalted for its reach.

De Witt Clinton, son of James Clinton, a major general in the revolutionary army, was born in Orange county, New-York, in 1769. He was elected governor of his native state in 1817. Being repeatedly reelected, he was acting as our chief magistrate at the time he died, which was February 11th, in the year 1828. His services in the cause of education and internal improvement, evince that he was a patriot and a philanthropist.

78. THE IMPORTANCE OF FEMALE INFLUENCE IN THE TEMPERANCE CAUSE.-Chancellor Walworth.

1. I cannot forbear to express the hope that the ladies will continue to aid us by their powerful influence, and by pledging themselves to banish ardent spirits, in every form, from the nursery and from the social family circle. I have once had the pleasure to remind them of that memorable occasion where the heaven-inspired Zerobabel convinced the haughty Persian monarch and his assembled princes, that the influence of woman was more powerful even than strong drink; more powerful than the king upon his throne; yes, more powerful than any thing save divine wisdom and truth.

2. If such was her influence in a semi-barbarous age and nation, what must it be with us, when she is now raised to her proper rank in society? Females are seldom the subjects, although they are so frequently made the victims of the vice of intemperance. Would to Heaven I could be permitted to say it is always thus! But truth compels me to declare that this monster has sometimes succeeded in degrading the fairest and the loveliest of the creation to the level of the brutes.

3. I knew one whose father had occupied a distinguished station in the councils of his country, whose mother was the pattern of every social and of every christian virtue; she was

herself lovely and intelligent, the delight of every circle in which she moved; the pride of her own family, and of her numerous friends. She was also the happy mother of several interesting children, who had entwined the chords of affection closely around a mother's heart.

4. But alas! this destroyer came. And before her sun had reached its meridian brightness, its glory was obscured; and it finally set in the deepest gloom. She inhaled the pestiferous breath of intemperance; more dangerous than the fatal malaria of the Pontine marshes; more noxious than the poisoned breeze from the deadly tree of Java,-more blasting than the withering sirocco of the Syrian desert,-more destructive even than the dreaded cholera of India, which is now spreading desolation, terror, and affright over the north of Europe.

5. The chords of reciprocal friendship were quickly sev ered; the bonds of maternal affection were loosed and broken; the ties of connubial love were sundered forever; and soon, very soon, the grave concealed the miserable remains of what once seemed the perfection of female worth and loveliness.

6. To save one such being from temporal and eternal ruin, were an object well worthy of the best exertions of the whole sisterhood of charity. What mother, what daughter, what sister, then, will hesitate to lend her influence and her example to the cause of entire abstinence, when perhaps it may be the means of saving her own beloved relative from the same dreadful fate?

7. But let not our female friends believe, that the benefits of their exertions or of their example, will be confined to their own sex alone. We know that with ours the influence of women is most powerful, and can be most beneficially exerted. We do not ask her to declaim against this vice in public assemblies, or to visit its most loathsome haunts; but we beseech her to let her influence be felt in the family circle, with her relatives, and among her most intimate friends to let the moral force of her example be felt wherever she is known.

8. Were it consistent with female delicacy to mention their names in public, I could refer you to the examples of some among us, whose exertions in this cause have already added many bright gems to those crowns of glory which are reserved for them in heaven. And let it never be said of her who lingered last at the cross, and was found first at the tomb of the

Redeemer of the world, that, within her own proper sphere, she is either unwilling, or ashamed, to follow the example of her Divine Master, by going about and doing good.

The above is the close, or concluding part of an address made by Chancellor Walworth as President of the New-York State Temperance Society, at its third anniversary, in January, 1832. He was appointed chancellor of the state of New-York, in 1828; and was the first president of the New-York State Temperance Society, which was organized in February of the next year. And he is now President of the American Temperance Union.

If the writer were asked what is the first, second, and last thing upon which a person can rely for success in the higher walks of usefulness, connected with public life, he would answer each time, in imitation of the renowned Grecian orator, "self-culture." Chancellor Walworth, in common with many of the most prominent men of this country, had no other education than such as could be obtained in our common schools. He has found a passport to public favor, not by means of wealth, or the important advantages of a liberal education; but by the influence of industry, perseverance, and probity. The writer has heard him say, that he was brought up as a farmer, and did not contemplate turning his attention to the study of the law, until, in consequence of the overturning of a load of grain, that he was drawing in for his father, which produced a temporary lameness, he was compelled to discontinue manual labor. It is said that Sir Isaac Newton discovered the great principle of gravitation, by the fall of an apple which he happened to witness. The Canada Temperance Advocate states, in substance, that one of the witty sons of Erin, while drunk, knocked down in the street a clergyman, who instituted an action of assault and battery against him; which, however, the complainant agreed to prosecute no farther, if the party who had injured him would sign his name to the tee-total pledge, and keep his pledge for a month. He readily acceded to the proposition; and, at the expiration of that period, he called at the house of the divine, to whom he expressed his gratitude for the good effects of the pledge to which he had submitted; and he, moreover, expressed the utmost sorrow at not having met and knocked down his reverence thirty years before! In this case, it seems that good grew out of evil. The greatest astronomer the world ever produced, owed a portion of his success, and fame, to the trifling circumstance already mentioned. And had it not been for the accident which befel Chancellor Walworth, when young, we should not perhaps have enjoyed the benefit of his judicial labors. His high official station does not make him unmindful of the duty which American citizens owe to their country.

It is believed that the cholera, of which the orator speaks, to illustrate his subject, in the address of which I have given an extract, is the legitimate offspring of intemperance. In 1832, that scourge followed drunkards, from the old country, across the Atlantic, to the new. To avert its ravages, to mitigate the force of its visitation, more than $100,000 were expended in the city of New-York alone. And all business was suspended in those places where it raged; but nevertheless, those who freely used intoxicating liquors were swept away like flies. Now and then an Ewing or Maynard fell a victim to the Asiatic cholera, but such instances were "few and far between." The writer recollects an incident which, with

the reader's permission, he will relate. "The emperor of Russia sent to the emperor of China, to know what he should do in case of the cholera. The latter returned for answer that the inhabitants of China had nothing to fear from cholera, except the drunkards and debauchees; that he could spare four millions of them; and he thought it a fortunate circumstance when cholera cut them off, as no admonition could restrain them from pursuing their wicked practices."

In his address, the chancellor eloquently calls upon American women, to contribute their full and fair proportion of influence in behalf of the temperance cause; and that, too, without departing from the refinement of their character, or the delicacy of their sex. If there be any difference in the necessity and importance of temperance, to one portion of the human race more than another, that difference is in favor of the female sex, for reasons, some of which are mentioned by the chancellor.

Cato well said, Rome governs the world, but women govern the Romans. In this free and enlightened country, "blooming, smiling, lovely woman," sways the regal sceptre. She is our only sovereign. The eighteen millions of Anglo-Saxon descendants now inhabiting this broad continent are her subjects. She is equally sovereign amidst the scattered inhabitants of the forest, and the crowded population of our cities. Every where, and at all times, she can rule by the law of kindness and love.

The cruelties and sufferings of the dark and unevangelized nations dwindle into insignificance, when compared with those which are caused by intemperance. Every body knows that wife-killing is very common among drunkards. The Hindoo women sacrifice themselves voluntarily on the funeral pile of their husbands, but drunkards' wives suffer involuntarily. Men can only "scotch the snake," called the worm of the still; it is the prerogative of woman to kill it. If every young lady would adopt the motto, "Total abstinence or no husband,”—if all mothers would persuade their children to pledge themselves, in the spirit of Hannibal, the great Carthaginian general, against all intoxicating drinks,-language would be inadequate to describe the exultation with which, in view of the complete triumph of temperance, "every philanthropist would strike up loud and thrilling sounds of joy."

79. SPEECH OF A MINGO CHIEF.-Logan.

1. I appeal to any white man to say, if ever he entered Logan's cabin hungry, and he gave him no meat; if ever he came cold and naked, and he clothed him not. During the course of the last long and bloody war, Logan remained idle in his cabin, an advocate for peace. Such was my love for the whites, that my countrymen pointed as they passed and said, "Logan is the friend of the white man."

2. I had even thought to have lived with you, but for the injuries of one man. Colonel Cresap, last spring, in cold

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