The Data of EthicsWilliams and Norgate, 1879 - 288 sayfa |
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Sık kullanılan terimler ve kelime öbekleri
accompanying achieved actions activities acts to ends adapted adjustments of acts admitted aggregate altruistic pleasure arises Aristotle becomes belief benefit bodily bring caused co-operation complete conceived conception connexions consciousness consequences considered constituted COVENT GARDEN creatures definite degree division of labour effects efforts egoistic satisfactions emotions entailed ethical evils evolution of conduct evolved existence feelings fulfilment functions further gratification greater greatest happiness greatest happiness principle guidance habitually hedonism Hence higher human ideal ideas implied increase individual injurious justice kind labour larvæ less living means ment mental misery moral motions motive nature needs observe offspring organism paradox of Hedonism physical Plato pleasures and pains Presidency College principle Principles of Psychology produce prompted pursuit recognize reflex actions relations relative remote requirements respect restraints sensations sentiency shown social society Suppose sympathy theory things thought tion trait truth ultimate utilitarianism welfare wrong yield
Popüler pasajlar
Sayfa 19 - is a definite combination of heterogeneous changes, both simultaneous and successive, in correspondence with external coexistences and sequences.
Sayfa 52 - For where no covenant hath preceded, there hath no right been transferred, and every man has right to everything and consequently, no action can be unjust. But when a covenant is made, then to break it is unjust and the definition of injustice is no other than the not performance of covenant. And whatsoever is not unjust is just.
Sayfa 129 - Evidently, then, with complete adaptation to the social state, that element in the moral consciousness which is expressed by the word obligation will disappear. The higher actions required for the harmonious carrying on of life will be as much matters of course as are those lower actions which the simple desires prompt. In their proper times and places and proportions, the moral sentiments will guide men just as spontaneously and adequately as now do the sensations.
Sayfa 52 - Therefore before the names of just, and unjust can have place, there must be some coercive power, to compel men equally to the performance of their covenants, by the terror of some punishment, greater than the benefit \J they expect by -the breach of their covenant...
Sayfa 224 - I must again repeat what the assailants of utilitarianism seldom have the justice to acknowledge, that the happiness which forms the utilitarian standard of what is right in conduct is not the agent's own happiness but that of all concerned. As between his own happiness and that of others, utilitarianism requires him to be as strictly impartial as a disinterested and benevolent spectator.
Sayfa 123 - ... thought, apparently quite independent of experience; so do I believe that the experiences of utility, organized and consolidated through all past generations of the human race, have been producing corresponding nervous modifications, which, by continued transmission and accumulation, have become in us certain faculties of moral intuition — certain emotions responding to right and wrong conduct, which have no apparent basis in the individual experiences of utility. I also hold that just as the...
Sayfa 215 - From the dawn of life, then, egoism has been dependent upon altruism as altruism has been dependent upon egoism ; and in the course of evolution the reciprocal services of the two have been increasing.
Sayfa 25 - We saw that evolution, tending ever towards self-preservation, reaches its limit when individual life is the greatest, both in length and breadth ; and now we see that, leaving other ends aside, we regard as good the conduct furthering self-preservation, and as bad the conduct tending to self-destruction.
Sayfa 238 - May it not be true that, conversely, general happiness is to be obtained by furthering self-happiness? If the well-being of each unit is to be reached partly through his care for the well-being of the aggregate, is not the well-being of the aggregate to be reached partly through the care of each unit for himself? Clearly, our conclusion must be that general happiness is to be achieved mainly through the adequate pursuit of their own happinesses by individuals, while, reciprocally, the happinesses...
Sayfa 57 - I conceive it to be the business of Moral Science to deduce, from the laws of life and the conditions of existence, what kinds of action necessarily tend to produce happiness, and what kinds to produce unhappiness. Having done this, its deductions are to be recognized as laws of conduct; and are to be conformed to irrespective of a direct estimation of happiness or misery.