a war against each other, that the conqueror' wearied and exhausted might fall an eafier prey to him. On the other fide (7) Philometor laid the blame of the war on his governor Eulæus, profeffed great obligations to his uncle, and feemed to hold the crown by his favor, at the fame time that he was refolved to take the first opportunity of breaking the league with him, and of being reconciled to his brother: and accordingly, as foon as ever Antiochus was withdrawn, he made proposals of accommodation, and by the mediation of their fifter Cleopatra a peace was made between the two brothers, who agreed to reign jointly in Egypt and Alexandria. But ftill this artifice and diffimulation did not profper on either fide. For (8) neither did Antiochus obtain the kingdom, neither did Philometor utterly exclude him, and prevent his returning with an army, as each intended and expected by the measures which he had taken: for these wars were not to have an end till the time appointed, which was not yet come. A (7) Liv. ibid. Polyb. Legat. 82. p. 908. Porphyr. apud. Eufebium ibid. (8)etnihil profecerit: quia regnum ejus non potuerit obtinere; &c. Hieron. ibid. Anti (9) 1 Macc. I. 19, 20. (1) ταυτα δε παντα συντελεσ θη, εξ ὧν τα μεν εκ της Αιγυπίε ενοσφίσατο παρασπονδήσας τον Φιλομήτορα βασιλεα παιδίσκον QYTA. Omnia porro hæc fic abfoluta Antiochus hoping to become abfolute master of Egypt, more easily by the civil war between the two brothers than by the exertion of his own forces, left the kingdom for a while, and returned into Syria. Then fhall be return into his land with great riches, and his heart fhall be against the holy covenant; and he fhall do exploits, and return to his own land. (ver. 28.) He did indeed return with great riches; for the fpoils which he took in Egypt were of immense value. The (9) writer of the first book of Maccabees fays, "Thus they got the ftrong cities in the "land of Egypt, and he took the spoils there"of. And after that Antiochus had fmitten Egypt, he returned." Polybius (1) defcribing his opulence and the great show that he made of gold, filver, jewels, and the like, affirms that he took them partly out of Egypt, having broken the league with the young king Philometor. Returning too from Egypt, he set his heart against the holy covenant. For it happened while he was in Egypt, that (2) a false report was spread of his death. Jason thinking abfoluta et exculta funt partim iis quibus in Ægypto, perfide violato fæderis pacto, regem Ptolemæum Philometora adhuc puerulum defraudaverat.Polyb. apud Athenæum, Lib. 5. p. 195. Edit. Cafaubon. this (2) 2 Macc. V. 5-23. I Macc. I. 20-28. Jofeph. Antiq. Lib. 12. Cap. 5. Sect. 3. p. 532. Lib. 13. Cap. 8. Sect. 2. p. 582. De Bell. Jud. Lib. 1. Cap. this a favorable opportunity for him to recover the high priesthood, marched to Jerufalem with a thousand men, affaulted and took the city, drove Menelaus into the caftle, and exercised great cruelties upon the citizens. the citizens. Antiochus hearing of this, concluded that the whole nation had revolted; and being informed that the people had made great rejoicings at the report of his death, he determined to take a fevere revenge, and went up with a great army as well as with great indignation against Jerufalem. He befieged and took the city by force of arms, flew forty thousand of the inhabitants, and fold as many more for flaves, polluted the temple and altar with swine's flesh, profaned the holy of holies by breaking into it, took away the golden veffels and other facred treasures to the value of eighteen hundred talents, restored Menelaus to his office and authority, and constituted one Philip, by nation a Phrygian, in manners a bar Cap. 1. Sect. 1, p. 958. De Maccab. Sect. 4. p. 1396. Polybius Megalopolitanus, Strabo Cappadox, Nicolaus Damafcenus, Timagenes, Caftor et Apollodorus apud Jofeph. contra Apion. Lib. 2. p. 1369. Edit. Hudfon. Diodorus Siculus. Ex Lib. 34. Ecloga prima. p. 901. Edit. Rhod. et apud Photii Biblioth. Cod. 244. p. (3) 1 Macc. I. 24. μwn gevoμevos, TONNUS ATEXTEI(5) εγκρατης δ' έτος των Ιεροσο νεν των εναντια φρονόντων και χρηpata modλa ouknoas úmesgıļu a barbarian, governor of Judea. When he had done these exploits, he returned to his own land. So fays (3) the writer of the first book of Maccabees, "When he had taken all away, he "went into his own land, having made a great "maffacre, and spoken very proudly:" So likewife (4) the author of the second book of Maccabees, "When Antiochus had carried out of "the temple a thousand and eight hundred ta"lents, he departed in all hafte unto Antiochia.” Jofephus too (5) to the fame purpose, ‹ When ' he had gotten poffeffion of Jerusalem, he flew many of the adverfe party; and having taken great spoils, he returned to Antioch.' These things are not only recorded by Jews; for as (6) Jerome obferves, both the Greek and Roman history relates, that after Antiochus returned from Egypt, he came into Judea, that is, against the holy covenant, and spoiled the temple, and took away a great quantity of gold; εις Αντιοχειαν. Ubi autem is in fua poteftate habuit Hierofolyma, multos diverfarum partium interfecit; magnaque pecuniæ vi direpta, Antiochiam rediit. Jofeph. Antiq. Lib. 12. Cap. 5. Sect. 3. p. 532. Edit. Hud • and narrat hiftoria: poftquam reverfus eft Antiochus expulfus ab Egyptiis, veniffe eum in Judæam, hoc eft adverfus Teftamentum fan&tum, et fpoliaffe templum, et auri tulifle quam plurimum: pofitoque in arce præfidio Macedonum, reverfum in terram fuam. Hieron. in (6) Et Græca et Romana locum. Col. 1129. fon. ⚫ and having placed a garrifon of Macedonians in the citadel, he returned into his own • land.' After (7) two years Antiochus marched into Egypt again. At the time appointed (and hinted at before, ver. 27.) he shall return, and come toward the fouth, but it shall not be as the former, or as the latter; or as it is translated in (8) the Vulgar Latin, the latter shall not be like the former. For the ships of Chittim shall come against him: therefore he shall be grieved, and return, and have indignation against the holy covenant: fo fhall be do, he shall even return, and have intelligence with them that forfake the boly covenant. (ver. 29, 30.) Antiochus perceiving, that his fine-woven policy was all unraveled, and that the two brothers, instead of wafting and ruining each other in war, had provided for their mutual fafety and interest by making peace, (9) was fo offended, that he prepared war much more eagerly and maliciously against both, than he had before against one of them. Early therefore in the spring he (7) Et poft biennium rurfum contra Ptolemæum exercitum congregaffe, et veniffe ad auftrum. Hieron. ibid. (8) Non erit priori fimile noviffimum. Vulg. fet (9) adeo eft offenfus, ut multo acrius infeftiufque adverfus duos, quam ante adverfus unum, pararet bellum:-ipfe primo vere cum exercitu Egyptum petens, in Cœlen Sy |