thoughts and cares are at present directed), require that we should accede to a wish so just and general. duty to prescribe and direct to consolidate the said Company more and more, to render it stronger, and to purge it of abuses, should they ever creep in, which God avert. It now remains for us to exhort with all our heart, and in the name of the Lord, ail Superiors, Provincials, Rectors, Companions, and Pupils of this re-established Society, to shew themselves at all times, and in all places faithful imitators of their father; that they exactly observe the rule prescribed by their great founder; that they obey with an always increasing zeal the useful advices and salutary counsels which he has left to his children. "In fine, we recommend strongly, in the Lord, the Company and all its Members to our dear sons in Jesus Christ, the illustrious and noble Princes and Lords Temporal, as well as our venerable brothers the Archbishops and Bishops, and to all those who are placed in authority; we exhort, we conjure them not only not to suffer that these religious be in any way molested, but to watch that they be treated with all due kindness and charity. "We should deem ourselves guilty of a great crime towards God, if, amidst these dangers of the Christian republic, we neglected the aids which the special providence of God has put at our disposal; and if, placed in the bark of Peter, tossed and assailed by continual storms, we refused to employ the vigorous and experienced rowers who volunteered their services, in order to break the waves of a sea which threatens every moment shipwreck and death. Decided by motives so numerous and powerful, we have resolved to do now what we could have wished to have done at the commencement of our pontificate. After having, by fervent prayers, implored the Divine assistance, after having taken the advice and counsel of a great number of our venerable brothers, the Cardinals of the Holy Roman church, we have decreed, with full knowledge, in virtue of the plenitude of Apostolic power, and with perpetual validity, that all the concessions and powers granted by us solely to the Russian empire, "We ordain that the present letters be and the kingdom of the Two Sicilies, shali inviolably observed according to their form henceforth extend to all our ecclesiastical and tenour, in all time coming; that they States, and also to all other States. We, enjoy their full and entire effect; that they therefore, concede one grant to our well shall never be submitted to the judgment beloved son, Taddeo Barzozowski, at this or revision of any judge, with whatever time General of the Company of Jesus, power he may be clothed, declaring nuil and to the other members of that Company and of no effect any encroachment on the lawfully delegated by him, all suitable and present regulation, either knowingly or necessary powers, in order that the said from ignorance; and this notwithstanding States may freely and lawfully receive all any apostolical constitutions and ordithose who shall wish to be admitted into nances, especially the brief of Clement the regular order of the Company of Jesus, XIV. of happy memory, beginning with who, under the authority of the General, the words Dominus ac Redemptor Noster, ad interim, shall be admitted and distri-issued under the seal of the Fisherman, on buted, according to opportunity, in one or the 22nd of July, 1778, which we exmore houses, one or more colleges, and pressly abrogate as far as contrary to the one or more provinces, where they shall present order. conform their mode of life to the rules "It is also our will that the same credit prescribed by St. Ignatius of Loyola, ap- be paid to copies, whether in manuscript or proved and confirmed by the Constitution printed, of our present brief, as to the of Paul III. We declare, besides, and original itself, provided they have the siggrant power that they may freely and law-nature of some notary public, and the seal fully apply to the education of youth in the principles of the Catholic faith, to form them to good morals, and to direct colleges and seminaries; we authorise them to hear confessions, to preach the word of God, and to administer the sacraments in the place of their residence, with the consent and approbation of the Ordinary. We take under our tutelage, under our immediate obedience, and that of the Holy See, all the colleges, houses, provinces, and members of this Order, and all those who shall join it; always reserving to ourselves, and the Roman Pontiffs our successors, to prescribe and direct all that we may deem it our of some ecclesiastical dignitary; that no one be permitted to infringe, or by an audacious temerity to oppose any part of this ordinance; and that should any one take upon him to attempt it, let him know that he will thereby incur the indignation of Almighty God, and of the holy Apostles Peter and Paul. "Given at Rome, at Santa Maria Major, on the 7th of August, in the year of our Lord, 1814, and the 15th of our Pontificate. (Signed) "Cardinal PRODATAIRE. "Cardinal BRASCHI." After the reading of the Bull, all the Jesuits present were admitted to kiss the Pope's feet; at their head was Father Panizoni, who will ad interim perform the functions of the General who is expected from Russia. An Act was afterwards read concerning the restitution of funds, the patrimony of the Jesuits still in existence, and provisional compensations for alienated property. Thus, says the Diario Romano, ended a CEREMONY ETERNALLY GLORIOUS AND MEMORABLE !!! MADRID, JULY 24.--The King has issued the following Decree : "The glorious title of Catholic, which distinguishes us among all other Christian Princes, is due to the perseverance of the Kings of Spain, who tolerate in their States no religion but the Catholic, Apostolic, and Roman. This title imposes on me the duty of rendering myself worthy of it, by all the means that Heaven has placed in my power. "The recent troubles, and the war, which for six years desolated all the provinces of the realm; the sojournment there of foreign troops of different sects, almost all infected with sentiments of hatred against our religion; the disorder inevitably resulting, and the little care bestowed during these unhappy times, in attending to the affairs of this holy religion; all these causes united, left the field open to the wicked, who no longer knew any restraint. Dangerous opinions were introduced and rooted in our States, by the same means by which they spread over other countries. "Wishing, therefore, to remedy so heavy an evil, and to preserve among my subjects the holy religion of Jesus Christ, which they have always loved, in which they have always lived, and wish always to live; as well on account of the personal obligation to admit no other, imposed upon the Princes called to reign over them by the fundamental laws, as because this religion is the surest means to preserve my people from intestine dissentions, and to maintain them in the tranquillity of which they have need, I have thought it necessary in the present circumstances that the tribunal of THE HOLY OFFICE should resume its jurisdiction. And whereas learned and virtuous Prelates, many respectable Corporations, and grave persons, ecclesiastical and secular, have stated to me that Spain is indebted to this tribunal, for the happiness of not having been stained in the 16th century, by the errors which caused so many evils in other nations, and that, on the contrary, our country at that epoch, cultivated the sciences with reputation, and produced a number of men distin guished by their learning and piety: as it has, moreover, been represented to me, that the oppressor of Europe did not neglect to employ, as the most efficacious measure for introducing the corruption and discord, which so well served his purposes, the suppression of that tribunal, under the vain pretext that the enlightened state of the age would not admit it to exist longer; and that the self-stiled General and Extraordinary Cortes, under the same pretext, and under the favour of the Constitution which they tumultuously enacted, also abolished the holy office, to the regret of the whole nation;-On these grounds I have been urgently entreated to re-establish it in the exercise of its functions; and yielding to these just considerations, as well as to the wish manifested by my people, whose zeal for the religion of our fathers has anticipated my orders, by hastening spontaneously to recal the subordinate Inquisitors in some of the provinces, I have resolved, that for the moment the Supreme Council of the Inquisition, and the other Tribunals of the Holy Office, re-enter upon their duties and authority, in conformity with the powers conceded to them by the Sovereign Pontiffs, at the instances of my august predecessors, by the Prelates of the Dioceses, and by the Kings who secured to them the full exercise of these powers, observing, in this twofold jurisdiction, ecclesiastical and civil, the Ordinances which were in force in the year 1808, and the laws which have been enacted on different occasions to obviate certain abuses. But as, independently of these ancient laws, it may be proper to pass others anew on this head, and it being my intention to perfect this establishment in such manner as to render it eminently useful to my subjects, it is my desire that as soon as the said Supreme Council of the Inquisition shall be assembled, two of the Members composing it, in conjunction with the two Members of the Council of Castile, both appointed by me, shall examine the method and manner of proceeding of the holy office, in its suits, and in the censure and prohibition of books; and if they find that the interest of my subjects, or the rights of sound justice, require any reform or alteration, to report the same to me, accompanied with their observations, in order that I may adopt resolutions conformable to the circumstances. "21st July, 1814." "I, THE KING. This Decree is countersigned by Don Pedro Mueznaz, [whose grandfather passed the greater part of his life in a dungeon at the beginning of the last century, and died an exile, for having written against the Inquisition.] prehensive accounts of national concerns, A TREATISE ON THE WEALTH, POWER, brought down to the latest date. By AND RESOURCES OF THE BRITISH EM- these their opinions must be formed, PIRE, in every Quarter of the World, &c. and their judgments made up'on difficult and delicate questions. illustrated by copious Statistical Tables, Hence, a va&c. By P. Colquhoun, LL.D. Quarto, riety of enquiries, not thought of elsepp. 463. Appendix, pp. 91. Price £2. 25. where, are instituted in Britain; and communications deemed extremely imMawman, London. 1814. politic, are daily made, to the incaleuA pretty general intercourse with Fo-lable advantage of the Empire, at large. reigners, from various parts of the ConInstead of concealing the amount of tinent, has convinced us, that the pre-our Population, for instance, Parliament sent national elevation, we might justly has obtained information for itself, and say, the existence, of Britain, is a mys- has gratified a thousand busy politicians tery exceeding their comprehension.by allowing it to be published. Private Those among them who affect to have individuals had done their utmost, by studied it, fail of understanding it, conjecture and estimate, to obtain apknowing neither where to begin, nor proximations; but these were unsatisfactory, and might be fallacious. All Dr. Colquhoun seems to have thought cause of doubt is now removed, and the the natural Subjects of the British Em-evidence is no longer collateral, but dipire, were in a state of equal stupefac-rect. tion, and stood in equal need of authentic information on the powers and capabilities of their own Country. His desire to meet their necessities has cost him much labour, and he has taken great pains to prepare his acquisitions for their use. The subject has perplexed the writer himself, by its extent; it has astonished him by its magnitude: most of all it has overwhelmed him by its results. where to end. In like manner, the Income and the Expenditure of the State is no secret ; and no small progress has been made towards obtaining an acquaintance with that of private persons, comprising the bulk of the nation. Not that this could be expected to penetrate without exception, or to escape a multitude of errors, or of evasions. Nevertheless, the veil that concealed the Revenues of the most considerable classes of the commuThat branch of internal politics which nity, has been so far raised, as to warconsists in State Secrets-Arcana Im-rant consequences with which a judiperii-is less studied in Britain than cious politician will be satisfied. in other Countries. Here, every man Late years have witnessed a more litakes an interest in the concerns of the beral disclosure of national Documents Commonweal, and derives a gratification, than was customary formerly. Not a at least, from the excrcise of his under-tenth part of the papers now printed, as standing on the state of Public Affairs. He deals out praise or censure according to his conviction, and many a shrewd remark is made during the hours of labour, that would not disgrace the closet of the Statesman, or the avenues of office. That this is general among us, may chiefly be attributed to the mixt nature of our Legislative Bodies. If members of the Upper House, being Statesmen from their youth, could dispense with information on the immediate state of their Conntry, those who have been but recently elected to the duties of Representation, must, of necessity, desire the most com matters of course, for the use of Parliament, was accessible formerly to any but the great officers of state. The Parliament was, indeed, the grand Council of the King, the Wittenagemotte: but the sentiments of the nation itself were not heard for on what evidence could it judge? Whereas, now, there is, in most cases, a liberal intercourse between a Representative and his Constituents, or the people at large; and public opinion reaches the Legislator, though he be not sworn "to obey the instructions of his Constituents." Hence one branch of the Parliament becomes more correctly, the Representative Body, and in fact, the concentrated wisdom of the nation. Hence many valuable regulations have emanated, and many injurious proposals have been checked, by the voice of the public, in assemblies where to hear it in a direct manner were disorderly. Hence the people know before hand what they have to expect; while they judge on the arguments by which the proceedings of their rulers are supported. Despotic Sovereigns have no such reSources: if the wisdom of a few, purporting to be the Council of the King, fail him, if their spirit droops, or their patriotism slackens, the nation can afford no assistance: the organization of the sovereignty no longer exists: all is despair: all is lost. Who knows the abilities of the state; its revenues, its population, its advantages, its disadvantages? Who is acquainted, even with the public feeling, or whether the public have any feeling? The dread lest an enemy should pry into State Secrets has concealed the nation from itself: while, nevertheless these boasted secrets have gratified the vanity of a traveller, who has thence taken occasion to plume himself on his connexions; or the cupidity of an agent, who has demanded from his employers gratifications for his dexterity and industry. Not so the concerns of Britain: native or foreigner may calculate her revenue, her population, her commerce;-may determine whether this branch of her affairs flourish or fades ;-whether that undertaking prospers or pines. Equal publicity is given to whatever befals: if good, it gives joy to the heart of a true Briton: if evil, he assists in the means taken to provide a remedy. But this, taken extensively, is extremely laborious. None can speak so feelingly on this as a Panoramist. The experience of seven years qualifies us to affirm without hesitation; and we know what Dr. C. has undergone, and much 'more. He acknowledges in the strongest terms his obligations to a friend, (James Brownbill, Esq. late Collector of his Majesty's Custom at Morant Bay, Jamaica), for the construction of the Tables, which form the stamina of his work: the composition of which has occupied Dr. C. no more than "seven months :" a time by much too short. The Dr's. object is to explain so far as practicable, the foundations on which rest the power and resources of Britain :-its wealth-its new property created annually-the distribution of its property-the revenues of the country-the national expenditure-the public debts, and the funding systemthe value and the annual produce of the British dependencies and colonies in Europe, North America, the West Indies, in Africa and Asia: including the British possessions under the controul and direction of the East India Company-all which subjects are separately discussed, in so many chapters, and illustrated by Statistical Tables. During the late tremendous conflict, as is well known, we have never despaired of the Commonwealth, nor under-valued the resources of our country; from us, then, caution against overvaluing them may be taken with a good grace. Every account has two sides to it whoever too highly estimates one side, hazards the consequences of error. Had this book appeared during the war, not a few would have exclaimed against it-as contributing to puff up the silly vanity of would-be statesmen, and to plunge the nation further and further into difficulties, because "it could support them". We too, might have thought it our duty to correct some of the views taken by this writer, in stronger terms than we shall now employ. Happily this is no longer an object, we shall therefore proceed to give a general idea of our author's labours, and reserve few thoughts for a subsequent article. a Solomon was of opinion that the multitude of a people was the glory of their sovereign; we must be allowed to add, especially if their character be excellent. Certainly a paucity of population is a cause, a consequence, and an indication, of poverty. There can be no animated circulation,-the parent of wealth, where habitations are thinly scattered: and habitations must be thinly scattered, where there is no animated circulation. In Britain there is both: what the present Population of the Empire is, Dr. C. announces in the following Table. Total amount of the population of the 18,001,796 42,008,291, 1,147,346 61,157,433 British Empire.... The land forces or men in arms in the British Empire, including the Regular Army and Foreign Corps, the British and Irish Militias, the Local Militia and Volunteers of Great Britain, with the Militia and Fencibles in the Colonies and Dependencies are estimated at The British Navy and Marines The British and Native Army in India including the India Marine Forces. 721,187 179,920 160,913 Total armed Force of the British Empire......1,062,020 number of inhabitants is further considered-as distributed in towns, or-resident in the country; as filling different stations of life &c. in Britain; as-white and black, or Hindoo, &c. in our settlements abroad. Various other views are taken of the Population. Reverting to the period when his present | Majesty ascended the throne in 1760, and contrasting the power and resources of the country with the present auspicious period, it must be admitted that the most sanguine imagination could not have anticipated such an accession of population, territory, and power, and more especially when during the same period thirteen colonies in North The Property appertaining to a poAmerica were severed from the Parent State. pulation so numerous, is a highly proper, It appears that, notwithstanding the but a very arduous subject of enquiry. losses of British subjects by war, &c. The integers necessary to form the calthe population of England has increased culation are not all within our power. in one hundred and eleven years (1700 The effect of many of them on national to 1811) from 5,475,000 to 10,488,000, wealth is not thoroughly understood: and in Scotland from 1,048,000 to yet, as the speculatist will not be 1,865,000. The increase in Ireland satisfied without some approach to them, Dr. C. inclines to estimate at-from Dr.C. offers the following Table, as pre1,500,000 to upards of 4,000,000. Thissenting the nearest results in his power. 1st. That the value of landed and other public and private property in Great Britain and Ireland in sterling moncy amounts to 2d. That the..idem..idem in 9 Dependencies in Europe 3d. That the..idem..idem in 7 Colonies, &c. in North America....idem 4th. That the..idem..idem in 14 Colonies, &c. in West Indies ....idem 5th. That the..idem..idem in 14 Conquered Colonies in West Indies, idem 6th. That the..idem..idem in 4 Settlements in Africa...... 7th. That the..idem.. idem in 5 Settlements and Colonies in Asia....idem £2,736,640,000 .idem 22,161,330 46,575,360 .... 100,014,864 75,220,000 ...idem 4,770,500 38,721,090 Total Colonies and De- } 8th. That the territory of India under the control and management of the Total estimated value of the landed and public and private property of the 1,072,427,751 £4,081,530,895 |