[Extract.]

motto, and, like Anacharsis Cloots, they were all "orators of the human race"-out of compassion, perhaps, to the individual country which might otherwise have been doomed to their enviable appropriation. With freedom on their tongues, they founded a despotism: - in the name of Christianity, they erected an inquisition:

they bearded the Courts-they abused the government-they taxed the people; at Newry and Tipperary they directly attacked the freedom of election:-they put all the printers in gaol, and toasted the " Liberty of the Press." asunder the sacred curtains of the royal They reut nuptials: one, who spoke bad Irish, and bassador to the Spanish Cortes-another worse English, announced himself as Amenacted a Penal Code out of his own imagination, and verified one grievance by cageing his publisher. might be wanting to complete the system That nothing of public and private nuisance, they chose a kind of learned pig for their secretary, who, with his port folio on his back, ran you down at every distance, and almost grunted you to death with the burden of

"I do not affect to say, that you should Hot take this melancholy picture with some allowances. I am always apt to suspect myself; it is very possible that much of this gloom may derive its tinge from that of my own imagination, and catch its features from that constitutional dejection, to which from my infancy, I have been occasionally subject. It is very possible that the people amongst whom I reside may not be quite separated from the contemplation of those to whom I must return; every object presents itself to me through the melancholy medium of my ill-fated country, and no wonder they should appear gloomy and distorted. On the side of Ireland, indeed, I can see nothing upon which an Irishman can look without dismay and depressionher soil subsidized without remorse, and her triumphs witnessed without gratitudeone party swollen with success, referring to the past only as a source of impolitic reprisal-and the other, exasperated by disappointment, pointing to the future with the vain menace of irritated impotency; her eternal interests-made the impious pre-his correspondence. In short, there was tence for her temporal debasement, and nothing too grave for their ridicule, or too Irer miserable carcase only the disputed ridiculous for their solemnities:-every man prey of the vermin that would defile, and played Punch to his own music, and rung the vultures that would devour it. As to the bell to his own praises;-when there one party, I can see nothing which the country has to expect from them:-centuries there was, they all ran; thrusting, like was no danger, they all roared; and when must pass away ere they can satisfy the mendicants who have a claim upon their est part about them, into the first receptacle so many ostriches, the safest and the sillicompassion; or the miscreants, who have solid enough to confine it; they put on the stipulated for a commission on their con- armour of Achilles, but, unlike Achilles, sciences. As to the rest, this folly has either they expose nothing but their heels, the made them sacrifice others, or their phren-only members they had which gave signs zy literally increased them into suicides. of animation: they had one merit, howThe Catholics, who are the loudest com- ever, and that was, a strict impartiality, plainants, have, in my mind, the least of for if they denounced their-foes, they imwhich to complain-they do all they can prisoned their friends: those who differed to embitter the possession of others, whilst from them they slandered those who they do nothing to secure a participation agreed with them they enslaved-in short, to themselves. When I say the Catholics, the universal fate was, either to be ther you who know my opinions, are aware that dupe or their victim. I mean their misdeputed delegates, the the enemies that bigotry had arrayed Not content with Catholic Board. Indeed a medley of more against them, the Helots proclaimed hostludicrous, or, at the same time, of more lities against each other, and a heartless, mischievous composition, could not have headless, been well imagined; it was a drama, of their very manacles at the mob, to which stationless aristocracy, hurled which, physicians without fees, lawyers they were inferior. It is scarcely possible without briefs, shopkeepers without busi- to believe, that during this very concilianess, captains without commissions, and tory, system, they were bellowing for tolebankrupts without certificates, were the ration, and bawling for liberty.-Nor was component characters-every wretch who the metropolis alone infested with their exwas too vain for a counter, and too vulgar | hibitions, they dealt out their roving comfor a drawing-room, aspired to eloquence. missions, and street strolling companies Those who could not rave, could vote-through all the provinces; every company and those who could not vote, could legis-had its Dramatic bard, and its Epic orator. late. "Quicquid aguat Homines," was their —“Whatever is, is a rong,” was prefixed to

their curtain, and the motto was realized | Milner, the Master of Queen's College, by the managers behind it.

"If the Drama had closed with their individual ridicule, or their individual exposure, there might perhaps be less cause for commiseration; but it did not :-the miserable people were the real sufferers--the dupes of a bad ambition, or a baser avarice-they were alternately sacrificed and swindled, and when they had thrown all they had into the boufire of rebellion, they were flung in themselves to extinguish it with their blood. Such is the state to which our own fatuity has reduced us-for my part, I see nothing but madness in the past and misery in the future. In the course of nature, however, I must soon retire from the contest; but I do confess, I weep to see my country my ancestor, and that I should be obliged to strew upon her grave the garland which a laborious life had thered for her glory.”

ga

The Catholics have appealed in reply to a panegyric on the Board, from the same pen, in answer to an Address, dated the 30th of April last.

IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING.

For some weeks the "Times" Newspaper, has been printed by machinery; that is to say, the forms, or pages, being composed and made up, in the usual manner, have been worked off by means of machinery, moved by a steam engine, instead of being printed at the common press. The paper, since this change in the mode of working, has not only been as well printed, but much better than before. The number that can be worked in one hour is stated at 1100.

Mr. Wood, President of St. John's, and Mr. Kaye, since Master of Christ's, as a deputation from the Syndics of the Press at Cambridge, have also inspected the machine, and have manifested, by their readiness to contract with the Patentees for its introduction at the University, all the zeal which might be expected in that body for the cause of literature and of the art. These are the earliest patrons of the machine."

We cannot, in few words, convey to our readers a full description of either of these machines, and must, therefore, content ourselves with briefly stating their ge neral principles. In that of the Times, the forms are laid upon a travelling carriage, as in the common press, but having a range of such length that the form, by passing under a system of rollers, receives a charge of ink, and still going on, receives from another roller the sheet pressed down upon it, by passing under the roller: when through, the sheet is taken off; the form receives another charge of ink from rollers, and, on its return, presents another sheet, which has, in the interim, been placed on the paper roller-and so alternately, in going and returning, a sheet is printed. In Messrs. Bacon and Donkin's machine, there is no reciprocating motion. types are placed on a prism of as many sides as the nature of the form requires. This prism occupies the centre of an upright frame, like the rollers in a copperplate-press: below this is a kind of compound faced roller, suited to the form of the prism: between these, the sheets to be printed (attached to the face of a piece of cloth) are passed in succession; and, in the mean time, the revolution of the typeprism brings its different portions in succession under a system of inking-rollers placed over it, by which it receives charges of ink, to be delivered to the sheets as they pass in succession between the lower rollers.

The

It is somewhat remarkable, that while this invention, which has taken a long time to perfect it, has been in progress, another, for the same object, was also carrying on by Mr. Bacon, of Norwich, and Mr. Donkin The press of The Times has cost the pro(engineer) of Bermondsey, which was set toprietors upwards of eight thousand pounds work within a day after the former. Mr. Bacon has published a prospectus of the latter machine, to which is added the following notice:-" Since this prospectus was printed, the machine has been set to work on a French Testament in this city, for the British and Foreign Bible Society. It is worked by one man and two boys; and, we may venture to affirm, that, in the ordinary manner in which the London newspapers are printed, many more copies than the number stated by the Times could be taken off with the greatest ease. Dr.

-a sum, however, which wa! be speedily refunded by the savings that will arise from the invention, as it allows the discharge of pressmen on that establishment whose wages amounted to 25. a week; and the number of compositors will be also much reduced, by its obviating the necessity for a duplicate of the types of the inner fonn, which the more respectable daily prints have of late years found necessary. It was stated in The Times a fortnight ago that the apparatus multiplied copies at the rate of 1100 per hour: it will produce them now

with much greater speed, and with asto-
nishing clearness and beauty. The inven-
tion is protected by a patent; but itself is
its best protector. The apparatus requires
a great space, and is very complicated;
the plan of the old printing-press is scarcely
brought to mind by that of the new one:
the carriage and something like its ribs are
the only parts that have any likeness to
Caxton's or Stanhope's machinery. The
ink is communicated to the types by seve-
ral rollers, under which the form passes
in its progress towards a cylinder of about
three feet diameter, on which the sheets
of paper are successively laid: so that our
brother printers (for whose amusement
chiefly we state thus much) will see that
something of the principle of the copper-
plate-press is in this new apparatus ex-
tended to the letter-press. The ink is dis-
tributed on the rollers with so much accu-
racy, that the terms “monks" and "friars"
will in a few years be no more known in
printing, than are at present in this king-that the mention of his name is sufficient.
dom those ghostly personages. Some in-
convenience from "picks" remains to be
prevented. Confident expectations are en-
tertained that the apparatus will be in a
short time so simplified, as to bring the
expence of it within the means of all res-
pectable printers.

there is no inducement for individual enter-
prise, and projectors are commonly obliged
to offer their discoveries to some Govern-
ment, and to solicit encouragement. I
need hardly add, that scarcely ever is an
invention brought to maturity under such
circumstances. The well-known fact, that
almost every invention seeks, as it were,
refuge in England, and is there brought to
perfection, where the Government does
not afford any other protection to inventors
than what is derived from the wisdom of
the laws, seems to indicate that the Conti-
nent has yet to learn from her the best
manner of encouraging the mechanical arts.
I had my full share in the ordinary disap-
pointments of continental projectors; aud,
after having lost in Germany and Russia
upwards of two years in fruitless applica-
tions, I arrived about eight years ago in
England, where I was introduced to and
soon joined by Mr. Thomas Bensley, a
printer so well known to the literary world,

The execution of the plan was begun, and as the experiments became very expensive, two other gentlemen, Mr. George Woodfall, and Mr. Richard Taylor, eminent printers in London, joined us.

After many obstructions and delays, the first printing machine was completed exAs this invention has raised great expec- actly on the plan which I have described tations, we insert extracts from a letter pub- March 29, 1810. in the specification of my first patent, dated It was set to work in lished by Mr. Koenig on this subject; it April 1811. The sheet (H) of the new shews also, the state of the Continent, and Annual Register for 1810, Principal Ocsuggests one cause of British superiority, incurrences", 3000 copies, was printed with whatever operations depend on ingenuity of a book ever printed with a machine. it, and is, I have no doubt, the first part and industry.

"The first idea relating to this invention occurred to me eleven years ago, and the first experiments were made soon after in Saxony. My original plan was confined to an improved press, in which the operation of laying the ink on the types was to be performed by an apparatus connected with the motion of the coffiu, in such a manner that one hand could be saved. As nothing could be gained in expedition by this plan, the idea soon suggested itself to move this press by machinery, or to reduce the several operations to one rotatory motion, to which any first mover might be applied. Its execution was not completed when I found myself under the necessity of seeking assistance for the further prosecution of it.

There is on the Continent no sort of encouragement for an enterprise of this description. The system of Patents, as it exists in England, being either unknown, or not adopted in the continental states,

The actual use of it, however, soon sug gested new ideas, and led to the rendering it less complicated and more powerful. Impressions produced by meaus of cyhnders, which had likewise been already attempted by others without the desired effect, were again tried by me upon a new plan, namely, to place the sheet round the cylinder, thereby making it, as it were, part of its periphery. After some promising experiments, the plan for a new machine on this principle was made, and a manufactory established for the purpose. Since this time I have had the benefit of my friend Mr. Bauer's assistance, who, by the judg ment and precision with which he executed my plans, has greatly contributed to their success. The new machine was completed in December, 1812, after great difficulties attending the cylindical impres sion. Sheets G and X of Clarkson's "Life of Penn, Vol. 1, are the first printed with an entirely cylindrical press. pers of the Protestant Union were also

The pa

It is not that nature sheds over each scene
Her purest of chrystal and fairest of green;
Nor is it the beauty of valley or hill,
Oh! no, it is something more exquisite still.

'Tis that sons and fair daughters of freedom
are here,

Who make every dear scene of enchantment more dear,

Who, of all Nations round us, are still known

When a limb was cut off, grown lifeless and true, that on the last day of January some cold,