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The money received of students for tuition was always, and is still, all used for paying the salaries of the instructors. The room-rents scarcely paid the rent and repairs of the South Barracks, and the University ran slightly into debt. The State, in 1853-4, gave the institution about thirteen hundred dollars of an unappropriated school fund, and enough more was raised by friends of the University to purchase the South Barracks, and pay off old debts, and put all the buildings in good repair. For several years it was obliged to struggle against a load of popular prejudice on account of its military feature, but since 1861, it has brushed up its uniform, and its Military Department no longer seeks to hide itself. No such semi-apologies for the military training of its students appear in its catalogues and prospectus for 1861 and 1862.

"The Norwich University differs from most colleges in two respects. These are its double system of study, consisting in an Academic and a Scientific course; and its department of Military Science. The Academic course comprises those studies usually pursued in other colleges; the Scientific embraces Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Belles-Lettres, Surveying, and Engineering. Four years are required to complete the former, and three, the latter course of study. Students are also allowed to take a partial course in either department. The students of all departments are regarded as equals.

"The feature, however, which more than any other distinguishes Norwich University from other Collegiate institutions, is the department of Military Science and Tactics.

"Agreeably to the provisions of its charter, the students are all under Military discipline are called Cadets-dress in uniform, and are instructed in Infantry, Rifle, and Artillery Drill, Bayonet Exercise, Fortification, Reconnoissance, Castrametation, Guard and Out-Post duty, &c., &c. All the arms and equipments necessary for drills are furnished by the State of Vermont.

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"The military feature of this institution is one which should particularly commend it to the notice, and patronage of the public at this time. The want of men skilled in Military Science and Tactics, to take command of volunteer forces, and discipline them into effective soldiers, has been severely felt in organizing the present army of the United States. The reverses with which it has met are, without doubt, owing largely to this cause. To guard against this defect in the future, it is now generally felt that young men should be educated thoroughly in every department of Military Science. In times of peace this knowledge would not incapacitate men for nor interfere with any other business;-while in times of war, it would become invaluable to the country in training an army for efficient service."

The following persons constituted the Faculty in 1862. Rev. EDWARD BOURNS, LL. D., President, and Professor of Moral Sciences, Ancient Languages, and Literature; ALONZO JACKMAN, A. M., Brigadier-General Vermont Volunteer Militia, Professor of Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Military Science, and Tactics; THOMAS R. CROSBY, M. D., Professor of Anatomy, Physiology, and Natural History; CLINTON S. AVERILL, A. M., Acting Professor of Natural Sciences; GEORGE BAILLARD, Professor of Modern Languages, and Linear and Architectural Drawing; SAMUEL W. SHATTUCK, B. S., Tutor in Mathematics and Military Tactics; ALONZO JACKMAN, A. M., Librarian.

V. MISS CAROLINE PLUMMER.

[Compiled from a "Memoir of the Plummer Family," by Hon. D. A. White.]

MISS CAROLINE PLUMMER, one of the largest benefactors of education, science, and christian morality, in the annals of female beneificence, was born in Salem, Mass., on the 13th of January, 1780. Her father, Dr. Joshua Plummer, was a native of Gloucester, who, after graduating at Harvard College in 1773, studied and practiced medicine there until 1785, and at Salem until his early death in 1791, at the age of thirty-five. Her mother, Olive Lyman, was the daughter of Rev. Isaac Lyman of York, and aunt of Theodore Lyman, the liberal benefactor of the State Reform School at Westboro, Mass. Left, by the death of her husband, with a family of seven children dependent on her care, Mrs. Plummer by her own energy, with the faithful and affectionate co-operation of the older boys as they grew able to assist her, managed by continuing for a time the apothecary shop of her husbaud, and by taking in a few boarders, to give them all a good education, and fit them to adorn the highest walks of social life. Her home was the loved resort of her children, and made charming by an unobtrusive exhibition of genuine domestic and social virtues, and a richly cultivated understanding. Her daughter Caroline was eminently distinguished by intellectual gifts and graces, and her power of conversation. Judge White, who made, the acquaintance of Miss Plummer in 1803, remarks that her social distinction was the natural result of her fine endowments and the social influences under which she had lived and been educated. Her education, taking the word in its broadest sense, though simple, was of a high order. Her only school teachers were Mrs. and Miss Higginson, who were among the best and most truly refined women of that day in New England. Of a similar character were her associates at her mother's table and fireside, and in the various families where she was a privileged visitor and inmate. When with her grandparents at York, she must have had substantial literary instruction and been under influences conducive to the high moral principles for which she was ever remarkable. In her character and attainments she strikingly resembled her grandmother Lyman, who was educated

by one of the ablest divines of the country, and who added to a gentle dignity and winning sweetness of character, the attractions of a highly cultivated mind. She had cultivated the same familiarity with the British poets, extended to an intimate acquaintance with English literature generally. In Salem her friends and companions were of the choicest character. From infancy to maturity, indeed, she appeared to have known no other. Dr. and Mrs. Bowditch, whose house and whose hearts were always open to receive her, were her sincere and steadfast friends. With them she was most intimately confidential. Dr. Bowditch was at all times her wise counselor as well as dear friend, and his influence was as valuable to her as it was great. No one better understood her whole character, or held it in higher esteem. In the last interview I ever had with Dr. B.-a few days before his death, he spoke with much feeling of several of his Salem friends, and in relation to Miss Plummer I well remember the emphatic manner in which he said,-" On every point of integrity and honor Caroline Plummer is as true as the needle to the pole."

Miss Plummer was nowhere happier than in Salem, and the period to which we have referred, about 1804, was perhaps the happiest of her life. With no anxious cares for her brothers-whose prospects were flattering and surrounded by admiring friends, whom she loved, she could freely enjoy the richest pleasures of social life. The society of Salem at that time was adapted to her taste and habits, and she was remarkably adapted to that. Salem still retained much of its old character of combined economy, simplicity and intelligence. Social parties were managed with a view to rational enjoyment, not for display of any kind,-free from needless ceremony, and rarely so large as to interfere with the main purpose. Conversation and friendly intercourse were relied on for the chief entertainment. Caroline Plummer's expected presence was a sufficient attraction to all who loved such an entertainment, which she was so sure to afford. Yet she did not talk with apparent design to entertain-certainly not to set off her powers, of which she seemed unconscious; and this absence of all pretension added to the charm of her society. Her rich thoughts and sentiments flowed out spontaneously in appropriate language, often enlivened with genuine wit and humor. Her literary attainments, which were considerable, did not hang as ornaments on her mind to be displayed occasionally, but were so blended with her native good sense and the results of her own experience and observation, that they appeared alike natural and graceful;-and, what is perhaps a rarer excellence, her conversation was characterized by a

high moral tone and true dignity, being as free from all scandal as it was above mere frivolity.

But her bright social career was closed by a succession of domestic afflictions which are briefly recorded in the following inscriptions that she prepared for a monument which she contemplated erecting to the memory of her brothers:

THIS MARBLE is placed to the Memory of the Sons of Dr. JOSHUA and Mrs. OLIVE PLUMMER, as a tribute of the strongest and purest affection the human heart is capable of feeling, by a Sister, towards whom the Brothers united the characters of Parents, Children, the tenderest Friends and the sweetest companions.

LYMAN PLUMMER, aged 17; killed, June, 1805, by the Indians of the N. W. coast of America, while defending the property of another.

OCTAVIUS PLUMMER, aged 28; supposed to be shipwrecked on his passage from London to America, December, 1812.

THEODORE PARSONS PLUMMER, aged 27; died at Havana, November 9, 1813. And under its shelter lie the ashes of ERNESTUS AUGUSTUS PLUMMER, aged 42; who died September 28, 1823.

The surviving sister, after years of lingering illness, died on the 15th of May, 1854. For more than thirty years, Miss Plummer lived, the last survivor of her worthy family, to every one of whom she had been bound by the strongest ties of love. Her seclusion from general society could not have been unexpected, though the soothing hand of time softened her grief and enabled her to enjoy the company of her chosen friends and the gratification of her refined tastes. Her favorite books, pictures, and other works of art, with which her rooms were adorned, and the kind friends who visited her in those rooms, afforded all the entertainment which she appeared to desire. Her nerves had been shattered, and her health so impaired, that she was ever after a suffering invalid. Yet she did not lose the vigor or the lofty aspirations of her mind. Among her most admired authors was Dr. Channing, and her intimate friends knew how earnestly she prayed for the strong and elevating faith which he so fully possessed. Her habits of strict economy might have appeared to superficial observers unworthy of her character, while her independent spirit and conscious rectitude made her indifferent to popular prejudice. Having determined to dispose of her large property for beneficent public purposes, she naturally discouraged applications for her contribution to other objects, not merely in accordance with the habits of her life, but because she wished to reserve all the property she could for her great intended purposes. She was a true daughter of Salem. "Charity and economy were nursed together," in the early years of each, and were followed in each by abounding wealth.

MISS PLUMMER'S BEQUESTS.

Plummer Professorship of Christian Morals.

By a codicil in her last Will, dated March 9th, 1845, Miss Plummer made provision for establishing a new Professorship in Harvard College, as follows: "The estate of my late (entirely beloved) brother Ernestus Augustus Plummer, having fallen into my hands for disposal thereof, and I wishing to bequeath it as I think would be most agreeable to his wishes, do now, in fulfillment of what I verily believe would have been his wish, give and bequeath the sum of Twenty-five Thousand Dollars to the President and Fellows of Harvard College, which I direct to be safely invested or put at interest, and the income thereof to be forever appropriated for the support of a Professor of the Philosophy of the Heart and of the Moral, Physical and Christian Life, in Harvard University, whose province it shall be, according to rules and exercises established from time to time by the said President and Fellows, and on the basis of Christian faith and love, to enlighten all who are or may be engaged in the education pursued there, whether governors, instructors or students, in the manner of discharging their respective duties, so as best to promote generous affections, manly virtues and Christian conduct, and more especially, to aid and instruct the students in what most nearly concerns their moral and physical welfare, their health, their good habits, and their Christian character, acting towards them, by personal intercourse and persuasion, the part of a parent, as well as that of a teacher and friend.

The Professor shall be of the Christian religion, and a Master of Arts, and bearing the character of a learned, pious, and honest man. He shall be elected by the President and Fellows, and approved by the Overseers of Harvard College for such a term of years as may by them be ordered."

By a subsequent instrument the amount devoted by Miss Plummer to the purpose thus set forth, was reduced to Fifteen Thousand Dollars.

The Corporation of Harvard assumed the trust, and among the Rules and Statutes governing this trust are the following:

"The Professor shall be styled 'Preacher to the University and Plummer Professor of Christian Morals.' His duties shall be:

1. To conduct the daily devotions in the College Chapel.

2. To be the preacher and pastor of those who worship in the College Chapel on the Lord's Day.

3. To give such moral and religious instruction to the undergraduates, whether by lectures or recitations, as shall be agreed upon in the assignment of studies by the College Faculty.

4. By counsel and sympathy, by personal intercourse, occasional voluntary meetings, and other suitable means, to warn and guard the students against the dangers to which they are exposed; to supply, as far as may be, their need of home influences, and to promote among them an earnest Christian faith and life, It shall be at the option of the Professor, whether to belong to the College Faculty or not."

PLUMMER FARM SCHOOL.

The Plummer Farm School, intended for the instruction, employment and reformation of juveniles in the City of Salem, is founded on the following provision of Miss Plummer's Will:

"Said sum of ten thousand dollars so withdrawn,* also eight thousand dol lars, which, in a former Will, I bequeathed to Oliver Keating, who is now deceased, together with all the residue of my estate that may remain after paying my debts, funeral charges, bequests and legacies hereinafter given, and executing my directions according to private memorandums (said memorandums not to be subject to Probate,) I give and bequeath to William I. Bowditch, in trust, to be appropriated to the founding of a Farm School of Reform for Boys,

* Withdrawn from the sum of $25,000, first designed for the Plummer Professorship.

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