The Myths of Plato - Plato - Google Kitaplar

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CONTENTS

1. The Platonic Drama—Two elements to be distinguished in it: Argumentative

Conversation and Myth

2. General remarks on kvoodoyla, or Story-telling- Primitive Story-telling

described as åvOpwroloyla kał swoloria-Stories, or Myths, are (1) Simply

Anthropological and Zoological ; (2) Aetiological ; (3) Eschatological-A

Myth, as distinguished from an Allegory, has no Moral or Other-

3, Plato's Myths distinguished from Allegories—To what experience, to what

Part of the Soul," does the Platonic Myth appeal? To that part which

expresses itself, not in “theoretic judgments,” but in "value-judgments,"
or rather “value-feelings”—The effect produced in us by the Platonic
Myth is essentially that produced by Poetry ; “Transcendental Feeling,"
the sense of the overshadowing presence of “That which was, and is, and
ever shall be,” is awakened in us—Passages from the Poets, quoted to
exemplify the production of this effect .

20-39

4. “Transcendental Feeling" explained genetically as the reflection in Conscious-

ness of the Life of the “ Vegetative Part of the Soul," the fundamental

principle in us, and in all living creatures, which silently, in timeless

sleep, makes the assumption on which the whole rational life of Conduct

and Science rests, the assumption that “Life is worth living,” that there is

a Cosmos, in which, and of which, it is good to be—“Transcendental

Feeling" is thus Solemn Sense of Timeless Being, and Conviction that

Life is good, and is the beginning and end of Metaphysics—It is with the

production of the first of these two phases of “Transcendental Feeling"

that the Platonic Myth, and Poetry generally, are chiefly concerned

The Platonic Myth rouses and regulates this mode of “Transcendental

Feeling” for the use of Conduct and Science

5. The Platonic Myth rouses and regulates “Transcendental Feeling" by

(1) Imaginative Representation of Ideas of Reason,” and (2) Imaginative

Deduction of "Categories of the Understanding” and “Moral Virtues”

-- Distinction between “ Ideas” and “Categories ” implicit in Plato-

Kant's distinction explained--Why does Plato employ Myth when he

represents” Ideas of Reason, Soul, Cosmos, God, and when he

"deduces ” Categories of the Understanding and Moral Virtues ? 42-51

6. Plato's treatment of the “Idea of God

7. Plato's treatment of the “Idea of Soul”-Agnosticism of Plato's day with

regard to the Immortality of the Soul-Influence of Orphic Belief as felt

by Pindar and Plato-Plato's Eschatological Myths plainly reproduce the

matter of Orphic teaching

8. Summary of Introductory Observations in the form of a defence of Plato

against a charge brought against him by Kant, Kritik d. reinen Vernunft,

Einleitung, $ 3—Plato's Myths (roughly distinguished as (1) representing

Ideas of Reason, or Ideals, and (2) deducing Categories, Faculties,

Virtues, i.e. tracing them back to their origins) will be taken in the

following order : (a) as representing Ideas of Reason, the Phaedo Myth,

the Gorgias Myth, the Myth of Er (the three Eschatological Myths par

excellence), the Politicus Myth together with the Myth of the Golden Age,

the Protagoras Myth (Aetiological Myths), and the Discourse of Timaeus ;

(6) as chiefly concerned with the deduction of Categories or Virtues, the

Phaedrus Myth, the Meno Myth, and the Myth told by Aristophanes

and Discourse of Diotima in the Symposium ; (c) the Atlantis Myth

and the Myth of the Earth - born, which respectively represent the

Ideals and deduce the Categories of the Nation, as distinguished from

THE PHAEDO MYTH

Context of the Myth

OBSERVATIONS ON THE PAAEDO MYTH

1. Plato's method of giving verisimilitude to Myth, by bringing it into conform.

ity with the “Modern Science” of his day, illustrated from the Phaedo,

and paralleled from Henry More

2. The subject of the last section further illustrated by reference to the parallel

between Plato's Geography of Tartarus and the “True Surface of the

Earth” and Dante's Geography of Hell, Purgatory, and the Earthly

Paradise—The parallelism between Plato and Dante dwelt on chiefly

with the view of suggesting the method by which we may best under-

stand the function of Myth in the Platonic Philosophy, the method of

sealing the impression made on us by the Myth of one great master

by the study of the Myth of another with whom we may happen to be

in closer sympathy

3. The distinction between Dogma and Myth insisted upon by Socrates,

Phaedo, 114 D—"Moral Responsibility" the motif of the Phaedo

THE GORGIAS MYTH

OBSERVATIONS ON THE GORGIAS MYTH

1. “Moral Responsibility” is the motif of the Gorgias Myth, as it is of the

Phaedo Myth—The Gorgias Myth sets forth, in a Vision of Judgment,

Penance, and Purification, the continuity and sameness of the Active,

as distinguished from the Passive, Self, the Self as actively developing its

native power under the discipline of correction, kólaois, not as being the

mere victim of vengeance, Tiuwpla-Death as Philosopher Pages 126-128

2. The mystery of the infinite difference between Vice with Large Opportunity

and Vice with Narrow Opportunity

3. Observations on Tablets affixed to the Judged Souls, on the Meadow of

Judgment, and on the Three Ways

OBSERVATIONS ON THE MYTH OF ER

1. Cosmography and Geography of the Myth .

2. Dante's Lethe and Eunoè taken in connection with the Orphic Ritual and

Mythology, to which Plato is largely indebted for his account of the

Soul's káda pois as a Process of Forgetting and Remembering 154-161

3. More about the Cosmography and Geography of the Myth—The Pillar of

Light, the Spindle of Necessity, the Model of the Cosmos in the lap

4. The great philosophical question raised and solved in the Myth, How to

reconcile “ Free Will” with the “Reign of Law"

THE POLITICUS MYTH

Introductory Remarks

Translation of the Myth of the Golden Age

OBSERVATIONS ON THE POLITICUS MYTH

1. Relation of the Politicus Myth to the "Science" of Plato's day. 196-197

2. Is Plato “ in earnest” in supposing that God, from time to time, withdraws

from the government of the World ?

3. Resurrection and Metempsychosis

4. “The Problem of Evil” raised in the Politicus Myth-How does Plato

suppose the solution of this problem to be furthered by an Aetiological

Myth like that of the Politicus ?–The value of Aetiological Myth as

helping us to “solve" a 'universal difficulty" as distinguished from a

"particular difficulty” – It helps us to "put by” the former kind of

difficulty—The Kalewala quoted to illustrate the function of Aetiological

Myth— The Story of the Birth of Iron-Transition from the Politicus

Myth to the “Creation Myths” strictly so called, the Protagoras Myth,

and the Discourse of Timaeus

THE PROTAGORAS MYTH

Context of the Myth.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE PROTAGORAS MYTH

1. Is it a "Platonic Myth,” or only a “Sophistic Apologue" ?-It is a true Myth,

as setting forth a priori elements in man's experience .

2. It sets forth the distinction between the “mechanical" and the “teleo-

logical” explanation of the World and its parts-It raises the question

discussed in Kant's Critique of Judgment

3. Account given in the Myth of the Origin of Virtue as distinguished from

4. ^ Sculptured Myth, the Prometheus Sarcophagus in the Capitoline

5. The difference between Myth and Allegory-Sketch of the History of Alle-

gorical Interpretation—The interpreters of Homer and of Greek Mythology

-Philo-The Christian Fathers—The Neo-Platonists-Dante-Plato's

Allegory of the Cave (which is a Myth as well as an Allegory)—His Alle-

gory of the Disorderly Crew - Allegory and Myth compared with

OBSERVATIONS ON THE TIMAEUS

1. General observations on its scope

2. Purification and Metempsychosis

3. On the Creation of Souls

THE PHAEDRUS MYTH

Context of the Myth

OBSERVATIONS ON THE PHAEDRUS MYTH

2. The Phaedrus Myth as giving a “Deduction” of the Categories of the Under-

standing-But it also sets forth the Ideas of Reason

3. The doctrines of 'Avduinous, 'Epws, Immortality—The Meno Myth translated,

and compared with the Phaedrus Myth-In what sense is the “Doctrine

of Ideas” “mythical”?.

4. The Number 729

5. The celestial, or astronomical, mise en scène of the “History of the Soul” in

the Phaedrus Myth, and the importance of that mise en scène for sub-

sequent philosophical and religious thought down to Dante 350-381

6. Poetic Inspiration

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GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE MYTH

and comparison with the Zagreus Myth and with Rabelais

II.—THE DISCOURSE OF DIOTIMA

OBSERVATIONS ON THE DISCOURSE OF DIOTIMA

1. The Discourse at once an Allegory and a Myth-May be taken as a study of

the Prophetic Temperament- The nature of Prophecy .

2. The History of the Doctrine of Daemons

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS ON MYTHS

WHICH SET FORTH THE NATION'S, AS DISTINGUISHED FROM

THE INDIVIDUAL'S, IDEALS AND CATEGORIES

Myths in which we have the spectacle of a Nation's life, (a) led on by a Vision

of its Future, (b) conditioned by its Past. These are (a) the Atlantis

Myth in the Timaeus and Critias, which, taken in connection with the

account of the Ideal State in the Republic, sets forth the Vision of an

Hellenic Empire; (6) the Myth of the Earth-born in the Republic 451-456

THE ATLANTIS MYTH

Abbreviated translation, or rendering

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ATLANTIS MYTH

The Geology and Geography of the Myth

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