Ipseal, and Credenciveness, the highest Social, and Causality, the highest Intellectual, are connected together at the top of the brain: and it is curious to study the relation in which these three important powers stand to each other, and to the Perceptives. The Lower and Middle Perceptives are related to that which is perceptible, present, and certain. The Reflectives, to that which is certain, but which is not present to the senses; and which is known only by deduction. Credenciveness to that which is probable, and Hopefulness to that which is possible. We may hope for that which we do not believe-we may believe what we connot prove by reasoning; and we may prove by reasoning what we cannot test by the senses and Perceptives.

The region of perception is at the base of the brain;—of reflection, a little higher; (see bust,) of credence, in the upper part of the forehead, and hope a little farther back. In a well balanced mind, these will bear a just proportion to each other; and in making an examination, it is of the very highest importance that the relative developement of the lower and upper parts of the forehead should be compared with each other, since they have an important mutual influence. Those who have excelled in practical science have the lower predominant, and those who have excelled in fiction, the upper; while those who have avoided both extremes are balanced.

LOCATION OF THE SOCIALS.

1st. AMATIVENESS, or the Cerebellum, is so situated as to produce width and fullness in the neck, between the lower part of the ears, as in Burr, and Socrates. When large, it causes the muscles below it to appear large and full, and crowds the bones behind the ears outward, and makes them prominent. It is small in W. H. H., the good natured schoolmaster, and in children.

2d. PARENTIVENESS is just above Amativeness, in the median line; it is a large organ, and produces, when much developed, great length from the ear to the back part of the head. In many instances, it produces a large protuberance, as in W. H. H. Sometimes it combines with 3d and 4th, to give general length behind, as in Dioclesian and T. Burr.

3d. INHABITIVENESS is just above Parentiveness, in the median line. It is large, combined with Firmness, while Parentiveness is small in the head of J. Brutus, who condemned his son to death, for treason against the liberties of his country.

4th. ADHESIVENESS is at the side of 3d and above V and the lateral parts of 2d. It gives length and breadth to that part, and when 2d and 3d are small, it sometimes presents two round prominences. The whole of this Group is very large in Dioclesian, the Roman Emperor, who abdicated the throne to enjoy domestic happiness.

5th. IMPERATIVENESS is in the median line, between 3d and 7th; see Peter the Great, and contrast him with W. H. H.

6th. APPROBATIVENESS is on the side of 5th, above 4th, and gives both width and length to that part, in the same

way that 4th does below it; and when 5th is depressed, and 6th is large, it will present two distinct protuberances; but when the adjacent organs are all large, it only combines to produce general fullness in the region, as in Themisotcles, the Athenian general, in Clinton, in Peter, and in Franklin. Sometimes it is considered large, compared with 5th, because the head, at that place, is more remarkable for its width, than its length in the median line. (See Perkins.)

7th. FIRMNESS gives height to the back of the head, in the median line, above 5th and behind 9th, as in Themistocles, Burr, Brutus, and Red Jacket's wife.

8th. CONSCIENTIOUSNESS is situated on the outside of 7th, and when large, gives the part a full rounded appearance, as in Aristides the Just, in Sir Matthew Hale, and in Samuel Adams. When small, and 7th large, the head falls off on each side of the median line, like a roof. When both 7th and 8th are small, the whole upper back of the head declines from 9th, as in Americus, and W. H. H. Sometimes the combination of organs adjacent to 8th will be such as to render it doubtful in what precise degree it is developed; its deficiency is frequently indicated by a slight depression, which is sensible only to minute examination; but we must not mistake a depression that is sometimes found so far from 7th and so near to VII as to allow of a good developement of 8th, between VII and Sth.

9th. SUBMISSIVENESS is in the median line, between 7th and 10th, at the place where the anterior fontenelle is formed in children. I find the organ to extend farther laterally than it is generally marked upon phrenological busts. In the heads of men, particularly at the West, a depression here is general; but in women, this organ is so full, and 7th so small, as to give the top of the head the regular form of the side of an egg, as in T. Burr. In Socrates this organ is very large. It is large in most Negroes, with 7th small.