harmless without power, would become intolerant and persecuting upon principle, if power were placed in their hands: caring but little, themselves, whether men are Catholics or Protestants, and indeed scarcely knowing in what those systems differ, or whether they differ at all, except in name, they would not take the trouble of crossing the street in order to convert a man from Popery to Protestantism; and therefore can form no idea of the indefatigable vigilance and propor tionate success, with which the Jesuits (like their prototypes, the Pharisees of old) "compass sea and land, to make one "proselyte." Themselves loyal to their king and attached to regular government and good order, they are unwilling to think so ill of any men, as that they could betray the country which protects them; and observing, as yet, no overt acts of sedition or treason on the part of the Jesuits, they will not believe that any opportunity can ever arrive, which will be more favorable to the developement of the Jesuits' talents in this way, than the present. Being themselves men of candour and liberal sentiment, they entertain no doubt, that while they and their Protestant countrymen have been so eminently benefited by the increased light and civilization of the age, all others will have derived advantage in the same proportion; and never suspecting that Popery is unchanged and unchangeable, they are disposed to refer all the atrocities and abominations with which its Professors have been charged, rather to the darkness and ignorance of a barbarous æra, than to the radical and fundamental errors of their religious system.

"Several persons" (says Dean MILNER), " and even some "of our leading Senators, suppose that Popery has long since "been abundantly meliorated; but I wish they may not be "nearer the truth, who think that the spirit of Protestantism "has greatly degenerated."-See Milner's Preface to 5th Vol. of his History of the Church of Christ.

The good-natured Protestants of Lancashire do not stand alone in these erroneous conclusions: they may be taken as a fair specimen of a large proportion of the British nation, over

which a sort of judicial infatuation appears to be cast; and which, unless it should awake to a sense of its proper interests, and its real danger, will sooner or later have abundant cause to regret its apathy, when perhaps it will be too late. The fact is, that it is now so long since Popery had power in this highly-favored land to shut up our Bibles and to open our Prisons, that we are wholly forgetful of the miseries she once inflicted, and almost insensible of the privileges we now enjoy. Let it never be forgotten, however, that we are only as great and free as we are, because we have the happiness to be ruled by a Protestant Monarch, to be represented by a Protestant Parliament, to live under a Protestant Government, and to be protected by Protestant Laws, which are administered by Protestant Judges, Juries, and Magistrates. If the Protestant advocates for Catholic Emancipation should succeed in their present object, the whole face of things must in no long period undergo such a change as will convince the patrons and partizans of the Jesuits in Lancashire and elsewhere, that, as the want of power on the part of the Ca tholics was the secret spring of all the clamour for Emancipa tion, so the possession of power by the same parties will be a far more formidable thing, than, in the plenitude of their liberality, they have ever dreamt. Nor let this opinion be branded with want of charity, or be thought to originate in harshness and prejudice: the proof of its correctness will be found in the present work; the generalizing and latitudinarian spirit which cherishes the Jesuits, and would invest them with power, is not charity of a legitimate kind-which, to be charity at all, should" begin at home." The lax and indiscriminate favor, which embraces, without distinction, the worst classes of offenders, will never be thought to provide sufficiently for its own security. There is a false and prurient species of charity, which, however specious in appearance, and however common at the present moment, is but the bastard and counterfeit of another, and a nobler principle. If the charity which would affect to comprise the whole world, at the same time

overlooks and despises the claims of its near kindred; and, while it professes to take in all the human race, spurns and slights the superior duties which stand in the first relation, and are of the highest importance; we need be at no loss to determine the character of this species of charity. It may be igno rance; it may be impolicy; it may be infatuation; it is any thing else than the legitimate charity of Christianity.

Should the present mischievous and fatal security continue, it requircs not the spirit of prophecy to see that the time is fast approaching when the Monarch of the British Empire will have cause to adopt the pathetic exclamation:

"Ejectos littore, egenos

"Excepi; et regni DEMENS in parte locavi."

VIRGIL.

On arriving at MR. DALLAS's fourth Chap. (p. 229), it. becomes necessary to remark that he makes abundant use through his work of the name of POMBAL: as in other instances, the Letters first printed in the Pilot Newspaper and Popish Journal, furnished him with a hint on this matter, which he has not failed to improve, by raising such a cloud of dust about this Portuguese Minister, as to render it very diffi cult to those who merely read his book to understand any part of POMBAL'S history; whether as affecting the part taken by him against the Jesuits, or the conduct of the Jesuits themselves on that occasion.

In the Dedication to MR. CANNING, MR. DALLAS calls POMBAL" the unprincipled and unrelenting Minister of Jo"seph I. of Portugal:" and although he states that MR. CANNING is "on the spot where the Jesuits were persecuted with "the greatest violence," yet he doubts whether the prejudices which were raised on this subject, may not hinder even MR. CANNING himself (who is called "the liberal advocate of the "Catholic body") from understanding this question, or coming at the truth respecting it; and therefore kindly puts him on his guard against those prejudices. In p. 12 of the Preface the ghost of POMBAL rises again, but only to vanish as speedily.

This is again the case in p. 16; only that, in the latter instance, he is called "an arbitrary Minister who chose to take "the conscience of his Prince under his own care" (a crime, it is presumed, of which the Jesuit Confessors were never guilty). In p. 97, POMBAL appears again, but only for the purpose of. shewing that somebody was his "devoted creature ;" in p.. 111, POMBAL just shews himself, but immediately disappears: as before; in p. 141, he appears in the new character of a Dictator; in p. 155, he is called "the great enemy of the "Jesuits, and of every virtue.". In p. 163, we find him intriguing for gold-mines, exchanging territories, and endeavouring to transport the whole Indian population of Paraguay a thousand miles off, at a quarter's notice; of which a mournful story is related from an anonymous work of no authority, entitled, Memoirs of the Marquis of Pombal, which never appeared till the year 1784, when POMBAL was dead and could not answer it. MR. DALLAS's grand attack upon POMBAL is, however, reserved for his fourth Chapter, at which we are now arrived in course; where we find this Minister "determined "to ruin the Jesuits"-" persecuting them"" imputing the "disorder among the Indians to their influence, and ambi"tion"-" propagating an absurd fable about King Nicholas "all over Europe, with great industry and many foul arts"— ambitiously engrossing all authority and power"-" inspiring "the King with jealousy of his own brother"-" then vowing << vengeance against the King, his Jesuit Confessor, and the "whole Order of Jesuits"-" sending his brother, a despotic "and outrageous tyrant, to the Brazils"-" almost driven mad "by the accusations of the Jesuits against his brother"-ab"horring the Jesuits for their admirable conduct after the "earthquake"-" assuring the King that a conspiracy was "formed to overturn the government, and that unless Mala

66

guida the Jesuit were withdrawn, a public sedition would "ensue"" and keeping the King in constant dread of ima ❝ginary plots, conspiracies, and insurrections"—after which he "became absolute, and displayed his real character in such a

"series of despotic and tyrannical deeds as the annals of man "kind cannot equal."

Now, in the whole course of the above posthumous Bill of Attainder against this Portuguese Minister, the least hint at the real cause of the banishment of the Jesuits from Portugal during his Ministry, is studiously kept out of sight by MR. DALLAS. The attempted assassination of THE KING OF PORTUGAL in the year 1758, which led to the expulsion of the Jesuits, with MALAGRIDA at their head, is not so much as hinted at; and notwithstanding this gross suppression of one of the most public and notorious facts of modern History, MR. Dallas, it seems, presumes that he shall succeed in involving a very plain question in such intricacy and confusion, that, with all this dust in our eyes, we shall be unable to see into the real merits of the case. The following statement may perhaps throw some light on this subject.

JOSEPH MASCARENHAS, DUKE OF AVEIRO, was one of the first noblemen of Portugal, by his birth, his wealth, and his reputation. During the reign of JOHN V. he possessed unlimited power; but having on the accession of his successor JOSEPH declined in favor, he formed the design of an attempt on the person of that Monarch: he endeavoured to influence all who had any subject of complaint, and to incite them to action by the most unfounded calumnies.

It had happened, in the preceding reign, that CARVALHO MARQUIS OF POMBAL had brought to Lisbon, from Vienna (where he had been employed on a secret embassy), a lady of rank as his wife: the then QUEEN OF PORTUGAL, Maria Ann of Austria, became much attached to this lady, and interested herself greatly in order to procure some appointment for her husband the MARQUIS DE POMBAL; but in vain. On the death, however, of JOHN V. which happened on the 30th of July, 1750, the Queen had more success with her son JOSEPH, who immediately on his succession appointed the Marquis his Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and this was the beginning of the resentment which the DUKE OF AVEIRO Conceived.