was looked upon as a disbeliever in Divine Providence, and any nefarious churchwarden who wished to succeed in his election, had nơthing to do but to represent his antagonist as an abolitionist, in order to frustrate his ambition, endanger his life, and throw the village into a state of the most dreadful commotion. By degrees, however, the obnoxious street grew to be so well peopled, and the inhabitants so firmly united, that their oppressors, more afraid of injustice, were more disposed to be just. At the next dinner they are unbound; the year after allowed to sit upright; then a bit of bread and a glass of water; till at last, after a long series of concessions, they are emboldened to ask in pretty plain terms, that they may be allowed to sit down at the bottom of the table, and to partake as well as the rest. Forthwith a general cry of shame and scandal Thus exclaim the persecutors :"Ten years ago were you not laid upon your backs? How thankful you were for cheeseparings? Have you forgotten that memorable æra, when the lord of the manor interfered to obtain for you a slice of the public pudding? And now, with an audacity only equalled by your ingratitude, you have the impudence to ask for knives and forks, and to request, in terms too plain to be mistaken, that you may sit down to table with the rest, and be indulged even with beef and beer: there are not more than half a dozen dishes which we have reserved for our selves; the rest has been thrown open to you in the utmost profusion; you have potatoes and carrots, suet dumplins, sops in the pan, and delicious toast and water

in incredible quantities. Beef, mutton, lamb, pork, and veal, are ours; and if you were not the most restless and dissatisfied of human beings, you would never think of aspiring to enjoy them."

Is not this rank nonsense, and the very insult which is talked to and practised upon Catholics? Can any one be surprised that men who have tasted of partial justice, should ask for perfect justice? that he who has been robbed of coat and cloke, will not be content with the restitution of one of his garments? He would be a very careless blockhead if he were content, and I (who, though an inhabitant of the village, have preserved, thank God, some sense of justice) most earnestly counsel those half-fed claimants to persevere in their just demands, ti they are admitted to a more complete share of a dinner for which they pay as much as the others; and if they see a little attenuated lawyer, squabbling at the head of their opponents, let them desire him to empty his pockets, and to pull out all the pieces of duck, fowl, and pudding, which he has filched from the public feast, to carry home to his wife and children.

Ireland asked for all these things upon her knees, here petitions were rejected with contempt: when she demanded them with the voice of 60,000 men, they were granted with every mark of consternation and dismay. Ask Lord A-k-d the fatal consequences of trifling with such a people as the Irish? He himself was the organ of these refusals. As secretary to the Lord Lieutenant, the insolence and the tyranny of this country passed through his hands. Ask him if he remembers the consequences.Ask him if he has forgotten that memorable evening, when he came down booted and mantled to the House of Commons, when he told the House that he was about to proceed to Ireland that night, and declared before God, if he did not carry with him a compliance with all their demands, Ireland was for ever lost to this country. The present generation have forgotten this; and I know hasty and undignified as the submission of England then was, that Lord A- was right, that the delay of a single day might very probably have separated the two people for ever. The terms submission and fear are galling terms, when applied from the lesser nation to the greater; but it is the plain historical truth, it is the natural consequence of injustice, it is the predicament in which every country places itself, which has such a mass of hatred and discontent by its side. No empire is powerful enough to endure it; it would exhaust the strength of China, and sink it with all its mandarins and tea-kettles to the bottom of the deep. By refusing them justice now, when you are strong enough to refuse them any more than

VOL. I.

justice, you will act over again with the Catholics the same scene of mean and precipitate submission which disgraced you before America and with the volunteers of Ireland. The wisdom of Mr. Fox was alike employed in teaching his country justice when Ireland was weak, and dignity when Ireland was strong. We are fast pacing round the same miserable circle of ruin and imbecility.Alas! where is our guide?

You say that Ireland is a millstone about our necks; that it would be better for us if Ireland were sunk at the bottom of the sea; that the Irish are a nation of irreclaimable savages and barbarians. How often have I heard these sentiments fall from the plump and thoughtless squire, and from the thriving English shopkeeper, who have never felt the rod of an Orange task-master upon his back.

Ireland a mill-stone about your neck! Why is it not a stone of Ajax in your hand?— I agree with you most cordially that, governed as Ireland now is, it would be a vast accession of strength, if the waves of the sea were to rise, and ingulph her to-morrow. Why will you attri bute the turbulence of her people to any cause but the right-to any cause but your own scandalous oppression? If you tie your horse up to a gate, and beat him cruelly, is he vicious because he kicks you? Hatred is an active troublesome passion. Depend upon it, whole nations have always some reason for their hatred. Before you im. pute the turbulence of the Irish to incurable defects in their character, tell me, have you treated them as friends and equals? Have you protected their commerce?

Y

Have you respected their religion? Have you been as anxious for their freedom as your own? No thing of all this. What then? Why you have confiscated the territorial surface of the country twice over; you have massacred and exported her inhabitants; you have deprived four-fifths of them of every civil privilege; you have at every period made her commerce, her manufactories, slavishly subordinate to you own; and yet the hatred which the Irish bear to you, is the result of an original turbulence of character, and of a primitive obdurate wildness, utterly incapable of civilization.

In the midst of the most profound peace, the secret articles of the treaty of Tilsit, in which the destruction of Ireland is resolved upon, induce to rob the Danes you

of their fleet.

After the expedi

tion sailed comes the treaty of Tilsit, containing no article, public or private, alluding to Ireland. The state of the world, you tell me, justified us in doing this. Just God! do we only think of the state of the world when there is an opportunity for robbery, for murder, and for plunder; and do we forget the state of the world when we are called upon to be wise, good, and just?-Does the state of the world never remind us, that we have four millions of subjects whose injuries we ought to atone for, and whose affections we ought to conciliate?-Does the state of the world never warn us to lay aside our inveterate bi gotry, and to arm every man who acknowledges a God?-Did it never occur to this administration, that they might virtuously get hold of a force ten times greater than

the force of the Danish fleet?

Was there no other way of pro- ́ tecting Ireland, but by bringing eternal shame upon Great Britain, and by making the earth a den of robbers? See what the men whom you have supplanted would bave done. They would have rendered the invasion of Ireland impossible, by restoring to the Catholics their long-lost rights: they would have acted in such a manner, that the French would neither have wished for invasion, nor dared to attempt it: they would have increased the permanent strength of the country, while they preserved its reputation unsullied.

(Part of Peter Plimley's 6th Letter.)

Manner of the Coronation of the Pope Innocent.

the Tenth,

ON Tuesday, the 4th of October, 1644, Pope Innocent a Roman sung a solemn Mass, and performed other ceremonies for his coronation in St. Peter's Church of the Vatican, which was hung all about with most rich arras, by Cardinal Barberino, who was Archpriest thereof. Now the manner of this solemn Coronation we will endeavour to describe hereafter, as briefly, and with as much fidelity as possibly we can.

On Tuesday aforesaid, about seven o'clock in the morning, his Holiness passed from his lodgings to Pope Sixtus quartus's chapel (which served for a room of preparation on that occasion) in his chamber habit, being support ed on each side by the Lord Master of the Chamber, and the cup-bearer, attired with red cloken with hoods lined with red taffeta

sarsenet, as all the other secret Chamberlains of honour and the chaplains in like sort were, before whom, in long red robes, but without hoods, were the hamberlains extra muros, and his Holi ness's squires: before the Pope also went the Emperor's Ambassador, Don Camillo Panfilio, General of the Holy Church, the Ambassador of Bologna, and the Governor of Rome; then on each hand were the captains of his Holiness's guards, both of horse and foot; after whom, followed the Cardinals in red habits, which coming to Sixtus's chapel, went in to the rest of the Cardinals, who were there attired in like sort. The Pope being in this manner arrived at the said chapel, entered with the aforesaid master of the chamber, cupbearer, Cæsar's Ambassador, Don Camillo, and the Governor of Rome, into a little room of the vestry, where there was a long table covered over with a great table cloth adorned with gold purple, upon which was set, ready prepared by the wardrobe-keeper who stood there in a Chamber lains red habit, a gathered vesture of taffeta sarsenet, which by the Master of the Chamber,. with the assistance of the Masters of the Ceremonies, was girded about his Holiness, and then taking from him his hat, they put a red satin nightcap on his head, in which manner he passed with the rest of the persons aforesaid into Sixtus's chapel; where he no sooner appeared, but all the Cardinals standing up with their heads uncovered, made a most low obeisance unto him, and he returned them a very fatherly salutation; all the Cardinal's fol

lowers, which were in a great number there, being all the while on their knees. The Pope then went and stood leaning against the altar of the said chapel, where. upon the two deacon Cardinals, Barbarino and Ginetti, with their usual obeisance, came and took from him his red tin nightcap, and instead thereof, put on hishead another of white taffeta sarsenet. In the mean time all the Cardinals circled him round about, and were bidden by the chief Master of the Ceremonies to put on their hats; then the said two deacon Cardinals received from the hands of the Apos tolical sub-Deacons, the ensuing ornaments, which had been taken out of his Holiness's vestry, and laid ready by them on the said altar, that is, an amite, an albe or surplice, a girdle, a stole, a red rocket embroidered all over with gold twist, and a great broche of gold, wherewith they attired his Holiness; after which the chief deacon having put upon his head a most precious mitre, the Master of the Ceremonies cried out with a loud voice extra, whereupon the Apostolical Subdeacon took up the gestatory cross, which is usually carried before the Pope, at the passing by whereof all the Cardinals put off their hats; before the cross went the Pope's squires, two and two, in a processional manner, after whom followed an infinite number of courtiers decently appareled; then came the Chamberlains extra muros, with a great company of courtiers; next to them went the consistorial advocates, the Pope's secret Chamberlains of honour, the referendery Prelates of chancery, the Bishops, Arch

bishops, and Patriarchs; as also seven of his Holiness's chaplains, each of which carried in his hand a most precious crown or mitre; then came the cross aforesaid, and the Deacons, Priests, Bishops and Cardinals having at parting made a most low obeisance to the Pope, who stood all the while leaning against the altar as aforesaid, marched two and two with their train of followers before them; next went the three conservators of Rome, and the Priors of the Caporioni in their long gowns of black velvet, the Ambassador, the Prince, and the other persons aforesaid. After all this, the Pope was by the two Deacon Cardinals and his Master of the Chamber, conducted from the altar to his gestatory chair, wherein being seated by the Masters of the Ceremonies, they made a sign unto his Holiness's palfry-men, who were attired in long rosecoloured garments that reached to the ground, to advance the said chair. On each side of the procession were the guard of Switzers with naked swords on their shoulders, and halberds, who, with the launcespezzadoes made way through the great throng of people, which were in an infinite number dispersed over all the places thereabout.

And thus was his Holiness carried to St. Peter's church in the said gestatory chair under a goodly rich canopy, which was borne up by the Knights of St. Peter and St. Paul.

Being arrived at the porch of the said Church, where near to the holy door wàs a throne erected under a cloth of state, with a rail about it to keep off the press of the people, and accommodated

with seats for the cardinals to sit on, his Highness then being placed on the said throne, admitted the Chapter and clergy of Peter's Church to kiss his feet; which ceremony performed, he entered with great majesty through the chief door into the church, whilst the people that were numberless, cried out in the Piazza, in the porch, and in the church, "Long live Innocent the Tenth!" And being come before the holy Sacrament he kneeled down on a carpet there prepared for him, and prayed: then arising up, he went to St. Gregory, the great chapet called the Clementine, where under a most rich cloth of State was a chair placed, in which being set, with the Ambassador of France, and Don Camillo Panfilio on his right hand; and the Conservators of Rome, and the Prior of the Caporioni on his left, all the Cerdinals and other Prelates came and rendered him obedience; the Cardinals by kissing of his hand, and the Bishop by kissing of his knee. After this his Holiness, having his Papal cross before him, gave a solemn benediction to the people, who with their propitious acclamations made that great church to resound again.

To the Right Hon. Patrick Duigenan, M.P. and L.L.D.

MOST LEARNED AND RT. HON. SIR, I

TAKE the liberty, humbly and respectfully, of offering my most sincere condolences, on the afflicting, no less than the surprising result of Tuesday night's Debate, (Feb. 2d, 1812.) After having, for three successive evenings of the question, been kept in the most painful state of sus