Origines Ecclesiasticae, Or, The Antiquities of the Christian Church and ... - Joseph Bingham - Google Kitaplar

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Clay upon their Eyes, what meant by it.-15. Whether the Catechumens

held a lighted taper in their hands in the time of Exorcism.--16. What

meant by the Sacrament of the Catechumens.-17. How the Catechumens

were punished, if they fell into gross Sins.-18. How they were treated

by the Church, if they died without Baptism.-19. What opinion the

Ancients had of the necessity of Baptism.-20. The want of Baptism

supplied by Martyrdom.-21. And by Faith and Repentance, in such

Catechumens as were piously preparing for Baptism.-22. The case of

Heretics returning to the Unity of the Church: how far Charity in that

case was thought to supply the want of Baptism.-23. The case of per-

sons communicating for a long time without Baptism: how far that was

thought to supply the want of Baptism.-24. The case of Infants dying

unbaptised: the opinion of the Ancients concerning it.

Of the Original, Nature, and Names of the ancient Creeds of

SECT. 1. Why the Creed called Symbolem.-2. Why called Canon, and

Regula Fidei.-3. Why called Mathema.-4. Why called гpapn and

Tрáμμa.-5. Whether that which is commonly called the Apostles'

Creed, was composed by the Apostles in the present form of words.-

6. That probably the Apostles used several Creeds, differing in form, not

in substance.-7. What Articles were contained in the Apostolical

A collection of several ancient Forms of the Creed out of the

Primitive Records of the Church.

SECT. 1. The Fragments of the Creed in Irenæus.-2. The Creed of Origen.

-3. The Fragments of the Creed in Tertullian.-4. The Fragments of

the Creed in Cyprian.-5. The Creed of Gregory Thaumaturgus.-6.

The Creed of Lucian the Martyr.-7. The Creed of the Apostolical Con-

stitutions.-8. The Creed of Jerusalem.-9. The Creed of Cæsarea in

Palestine.-10. The Creed of Alexandria.-11. The Creed of Antioch.

-12. The Roman Creed, commonly called the Apostles' Creed.-13. The

Creed of Aquileia.-14. The Nicene Creed, as first published by the

Council of Nice.-15. The Creeds in Epiphanius, completing the Nicene

Creed.-16. The Nicene Creed was completed by the Council of Con-

stantinople, Anno 381.-17. Of the use of the Nicene Creed in the An-

cient service of the Church: and when it was first taken in to be a part

of the Liturgy in the Communion-Office.-18. Of the Athanasian Creed.

Of the Original, Nature, and Reasons of that ancient discipline

of concealing the Sacred Mysteries of the Church, from the

sight and knowledge of the Catechumens.

SECT. 1. The Errors and Pretences of the Romanists upon this Point.-

2. This Discipline not strictly observed in the very first Ages of the

Church.-3. But introduced about the Time of Tertullian, for other

Reasons than what the Romanists pretend.-4. This proved from a par-

ticular Account of the things which they concealed from the Catechu-

mens. Which were, First, the Manner of administering Baptism.-

5. Secondly, The Manner of administering the holy Unction or Confir-

mation.-6. Thirdly, The ordination of Priests.-7. Fourthly, The

Liturgy, or Public Prayers of the Church, such as the Prayers for the

Energumens, Penitents, and the Faithful.-8. Fifthly, The Manner of

celebrating the Eucharist.-9. Sixthly, The Mystery of the Trinity,

the Creed, and the Lord's Prayer from the first Sort of Catechumens.-

10. Reasons for concealing these Things from the Catechumens. First,

That the Plainness and Simplicity of them might not be contemned.—

11. Secondly, To conciliate a Reverence for them.-12. Thirdly, To

make the Catechumens more desirous to know them.

OF THE RITES AND CUSTOMS OBSERVED IN THE ADMINIS-

TRATION OF BAPTISM IN THE PRIMITIVE CHURCH.

Of the several names and appellations of Baptism in the

Primitive Church.

SECT. 1. THE names of Baptism most commonly taken from the Spiritual

Effects of it.-2. Hence Baptism called Indulgentia, Indulgence or

Absolution.-3. And Пaliyyevεoia, Regeneration; and Xpioua, the

Unction.-4. And Hwrioμds, Illumination.—5. And Salus, Salvation.—

6. From the Nature and Substance of it, it was called Mysterium, Sacra-

mentum, and Eppayis.-7. And Character Dominicus, the mark or

character of the Lord.-8. Why called the Sacrament of Faith and

Repentance.-9. The notation of the names, Baptism, Tinction, Laver.

That they do not universally denote immersion.-10. Of some other
names given to Baptism. The great Circumcision, Δῶρον and Χάρισμα,
the gift of the Lord, Viaticum, and Phylacterium, Teλɛíwois, Múnois,
and Symbola.

Of the matter of Baptism: with an account of such Heretics

as rejected or corrupted Baptism by Water.

SECT. 1. Baptism wholly rejected by the Heretics called Ascodrutæ, and

Marcosians, and Valentinians, and Quintillians.-2. And by the Ar-

chontici.-3. And the Seleucians and Hermians.-4. And Manichees
and Paulicians.-5. What opinion the Messalians or Euchites had of
Baptism.

Of the ancient form of Baptism: and of such Heretics as
altered or corrupted it.

SECT. 1. The usual form of baptising, in the name of the Father, Son,

and Holy Ghost.-2. This form of Words generally thought necessary

to be used in Baptism.-3. Whether Baptism in the name of Christ

alone was ever allowed in the Church.-4. Of alterations made in the

form of Baptism. First, By the Tritheists and Priscillianists.—

5. Secondly, By the Menandrians.-6. Thirdly, By the Elcesians.-

7. Fourthly, By the Sabellians and Montanists.-8. Fifthly, By the

Marcosians.-9. Sixthly, By the Paulianists.-10. Seventhly, By the

Eunomians and others who baptised into the death of Christ.-11.

Whether all the Arians were guilty of the same Innovation.-12.

Whether any additions were made to the form of Baptism in the Catholic

Of the subjects of Baptism, or an account of what Persons

were anciently allowed to be baptised. Where particularly

of Infant-Baptism.

SECT. 1. Why the question about the Administrators of Baptism is here

omitted.—2. Who were anciently reckoned the proper subjects of Bap-

tism. Where of the corrupt Custom of baptising inanimate things, as

Bells in the Roman Church.-3. Baptism not to be given to the dead.

4. Nor to the Living for the Dead. Where of the Apostles meaning,

of being baptised for the Dead, 1 Cor. xv. 29.-5. Proofs of Infant-

Baptism from the ancient records of the Church.-6. From Clemens

Romanus and Hermes Pastor.-7. From Justin Martyr.-8. And the

Author ofthe Recognitions, contemporary with Justin Martyr.-9. From

Irenæus.-10. And Tertullian.-11. And Origen.-12. And Cyprian, with

the Council of Carthage under him.-13. Infant-Baptism not to be de-

layed to the eighth day, after the example of Circumcision. Nor till

three Years, as Gregory Nazianzen would have had it.-14. Yet in

some Churches it was deferred to the Time of an approaching Festival.-

15. A resolution of some questions concerning Infant-Baptism. Whether

children might be baptised, when only one Parent was Christian?-

16. Whether the Children of excommunicated Parents might be bap-

tised?-17. Whether exposed Children, whose Parents were unknown,

might be baptised?-18. Whether the Children of Jews or Heathens

might be baptised in any Case whatsoever?-19. Whether Children,

born while their Parents were Heathen, might be baptised.

Of the Baptism of Adult Persons.

SECT. 1. No Adult Persons to be baptised without previous Instruction,

to qualify them to answer for themselves.-2. Yet Dumb persons allowed

to be baptised in some certain cases.-3. And Energumens in cases of

extremity.-4. No Slave to be baptised without the Testimony of his

Master.-5. Yet baptism to be a Voluntary Act, and no one to be com-

pelled to receive it by Force.-6. What Persons were rejected from

Baptism; with a particular Account of some certain Trades and

Vocations, which kept Men from it. Such were Image-making and

Stage-playing.-7. Gladiators, Charioteers, and other Gamesters.

-S. Astrologers and Practisers of such other curious Arts.-9. Fre-

quenters of the Public Games and Theatre.-10. In what case the mili-

tary Life might unqualify Men for Baptism.-11. Whether Persons

might be baptised, who lived in the State of Concubinage.-13. The

peculiar error of the Marcionites in rejecting all married Persons from

Of the Time and Place of Baptism.

SECT. 1. Why Adult Persons sometimes delayed Baptism by order of the

Church.-2. Private Reasons for deferring Baptism against the Rules

of the Church. First, Supinity and Negligence of Salvation.-3. Se-

condly, An unwillingness to renounce the World, and submit to the

Severities of Religion.-4. Thirdly, a fear of falling after Baptism.-5.

Fourthly, Superstitious Fancies in reference to the Time and Place,

and Ministers of Baptism.-6. Fifthly, A Pretence of following the ex-

ample of Christ, who was baptised at Thirty Years of Age.-7. The

solemn Times appointed for Baptism by the Church, were Easter, Pen-

tecost, and Epiphany.-8. And in some Places the Festivals of the

Apostles and Martyrs, and the Anniversary Days of the Dedication of

Churches prevailed also.-9. No such stated Times in the Days of the

Apostles.-10. How far these rules obliging in future Ages.-11. Bap-

tism not confined to any Place in the Apostolical Ages.-12. But in

after Ages confined to the baptisteries of the Church.-13. Except in

the Case of Sickness, or with the Bishop's Licence to the contrary, upon

some special Occasions.

Of the Renunciations and Professions made by all Persons

immediately before their Baptism.

SECT. 1. Three Things required of all Persons at their Baptism, 1st, To

renounce the Devil.-2. The form of this Renunciation, and the import

of it.-3. The Antiquity of this Renunciation. By some derived from

the Apostles.-4. This Renunciation made by Persons standing with

their Faces toward the West. The reason of this Practice, with some

other Ceremonies.-5. Why this Renunciation made three Times.-6.

The second thing required of Men at their baptism, was a Vow or

Covenant of Obedience to Christ.-7. This Vow of Obedience made

by turning to the East. And why.-8. The third thing required of

the Party to be baptised, was a profession of Faith in the usual Words

of the Creed.-9. This Confession made in the most solemn and public

Manner.-10. With Hands and Eyes lifted up to Heaven.-11. Repeated

three Times.-12. And subscribed with their own Hands in the Books

of the Church, as some think.-13. The Use of all these Ceremonies and

Engagements, to make Men sensible of their Obligation, and stedfast

to their Profession.-14. Whether public and Particular Confession

of Sins was required of Men at their Baptism.

Of the Use of Sponsors or Sureties in Baptism.

SECT. 1. Three Sorts of Sponsors in the Primitive Church. First, for

Children.-2. Parents commonly Sponsors for their own Children.-3.

Other sureties not bound to maintain the Children for whom they were

Sponsors.-4. But only to answer for them to the several Interrogato-

ries in Baptism.-5. And to be Guardians of their Spiritual Life for the

Future.-6. The second sort of Sponsors for such Adult Persons as

could not answer for themselves.-7. The third sort of Sponsors for all

Adult Persons in general.-8. Whose Duty was, not to answer in their

Names, but only to admonish and instruct them before and after Bap-

tism.-9. This Office chiefly imposed upon Deacons and Deaconesses.

-10. What Persons prohibited from being Sponsors.-11. But one

Sponsor required, and that a Man for a Man, and a Woman for a

Woman.-12. When first it became a Law that Sponsors might not

marry a Spiritual Relation.-13. Why the Names of the Sponsors order-

ed to be registered in the Books of the Church.

Of the Unction and the sign of the Cross in Baptism.

SECT. 1. Of the first Original of Unction in Baptism.-2. Of the Difference

between this and Chrism in Confirmation.-3. The Design of this Unc-

tion, and the Reason of it.-4. The Sign of the Cross frequently used

in the Ceremonies of Baptism. First in the admission of Catechumens;

and Secondly, in the Time of Exorcism.-3. Thirdly, in this Unction
before Baptism.-6. Fourthly, in the Unction of Confirmation.

Of the Consecration of the Water in Baptism.

SECT. 1. The Consecration of the Water made by Prayer.-2. An an-

cient Form of this Prayer in the Constitutions.--3. The Sign of the

Cross used in this Consecration.-4. The Effects and Change wrought

by this Consecration, the same as in the Bread and Wine is the Eu-

charist.-5. How far these prayers of Consecration reckoned necessary

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