any book to be made or printed concerning the Prayer Book of Edward the Sixth.* All such books were ordered to be brought to the ordinaries within fifteen. days and, after the term expired, the ordinaries, justices, sheriffs, bailiffs were empowered to enter and search the houses of suspected persons: and the neglectful of the proclamation or the guilty, were to be committed without bail, till they should be judged to such punishment as the statute might appoint.† At the same time spiritual food of another flavour was multiplied at least in the diocese of London: and the diligent Bonner both imitated the titles and went upon the heads of the Institution of a Christian Man, the Necessary Doctrine and Erudition of a Christian Man, those well-known Henrician formularies, in the Profitable and Necessary Doctrine, which he set forth for his diocese. The Creed, the Sacraments, the Commandments were discussed in this tract, but sometimes more particularly, sometimes more polemically than in the models: and the English Ordinal was censured under the Sacrament of Orders, and the conveyance of any character seemed to be denied, for the reason, not since unadvanced, that in the office for the Ordination of Priests no authority is given to offer the Body and Blood of our Saviour in celebrating the

* "Any book or books, written or printed in the Latin or English tongue concerning the common service and administration set forth in English, to be used in the churches of this realm, in the time of King Edward the Sixth, commonly called the Communion Book, or book of common service, and ordering of ministers, otherwise called the book, set forth by authority of Parliament, for common prayer and administration of the Sacrament, or to be used in the mother tongue within the Church of England." Fox, iii. 225: Wilkins, iv. 129. This proclamation was of June 13, 1555 printed by Cawood.

"The 14 day of June was a proclamation that all books should be brought in of Luther, Tyndale's, and Coverdale's . . . . . and bishop Cranmer, and all such as - and all heresies books: and he that did not bring them in within the fifteen days after should go to prison without prize, of what degree they be of." Machyn's Diary, 90.

Mass. To this formulary were added some Homilies, mostly the composure of John Harpsfield, with one or two written by Henry Pendleton, and the Bishop: in which the great questions of the Primacy and of the Sacrament were largely handled.† These the bishop

* Collier, ii. 383. The Sarum office (and the Roman) had the giving of the paten and chalice, in ordination, with the words "Accipe potestatem offerre sacrificium Deo, missamque celebrare tam pro vivis quam pro mortuis." Though this ceremony was not found in the Latin Church for the first ten centuries, and not in the Greek Church at any time; yet there were Roman theologians, as Dominico Soto, who held that the conveyance of the priestly character consisted in it. Others of course, as Morinus and Van Espen, held that the character was conveyed by imposition of hands and prayer others, like Bellarmine, thought both ceremonies necessary. See Dens, Theol. vol. vii. p. 43. Collier has argued historically against the delivery of the paten and chalice (ii. 289). It may be worth note that whereas in the Sarum office this ceremony preceded imposition of hands, it came after imposition of hands in the first English ordinal. In the second English ordinal it was not retained.

+ The Necessary Doctrine and the Homilies were reprinted together in a beautiful blackletter quarto in 1556. The work begins with a vigorous preface about “the late outrageous and pestiferous schism,” as a time when "the catholic faith and doctrine of the church was (as a new, curious, and odious term) called and named papistry." Then follow An Exposition of the Creed, Of the Seven Sacraments, Of the Sacrament of Baptism, Of Penance, of the Altar, of Matrimony, Of Extreme Unction, Of the Ten Commandments, Of the Pater Noster, Of the Ave Maria, Of the Seven deadly Sins, Of the eight Beatitudes. Then follow three Collects for the Pope, three for the Legate, three for the prosperous voyage and safe return of King Philip, three for the Bishop of London : and a prayer in verse for the King's prosperous voyage and safe return. Then come the Homilies. 1. Of the creation and fall of man, by Jn. Harpsfield, Archdeacon of London. 2. Of the misery of all mankind: by Harpsfield a discourse of which the former part was retained in the Homilies of Queen Elizabeth. 3. Of the Redemption of man. Harpsfield. 4. How the redemption in Christ is appliable to man. Harpsfield. 5. Of Christian love and charity. This subject the bishop reserved to himself. 6. How dangerous a thing the breach of charity is. Harpsfield. 7. Of the Church, what it is, and of the commodity thereof. Pendleton. 8. Of the authority of the Church. Pendleton. This is a forced denunciation of "the late time of schism," very sad to read: but containing much truth concerning the calamities that defaced the Reformation. "Do not dissemble," says Pendleton, nor forget the misery that we all have suffered outwardly since we were separate from the Church of Christ :

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required the clergy to read to the people in churches on Sundays and holidays.

In the first part of the year, to return a little, an embassy was sent to Rome, to bear formally to his Holiness the joyful news of the reconciliation, and to thank him for his clemency in forgiving the realm. In the persons of Thirlby Bishop of Ely, Lord Montague, and Sir Edward Carne, the three estates of the realm, clergy, lords, and commons, were represented: the last of them was to remain as ambassador in ordinary. The English Legate recommended them to the Pope in an eloquent epistle, making mention of the prison which Thirlby would have shared with some other bishops in the days of Edward if it had not been that he was on a foreign embassy; of the imprisonment which Montague, his own kinsman, had actually endured under Henry; and, as to Carne, of his embassy to a former Pope in support, it was to be confessed, of Henry's divorce. In this letter Pole requested from the King and Queen of England, that, whereas Ireland had been erected into a kingdom during the schism, this alteration and the royal title extended to a dominion might receive the sanction. of the papal authority.* Thus was the opportunity given of doing what Rome has done full oft, of extending her sanction to that which had been done without it. In the same letter Pole requested of the Holy See that the new bishops might have their breves free of expense

alas, what Christian blood within this realm even by our own countrymen hath been shed! Oh, Lord," &c. 9. Of the primacy, or supreme power of the highest governor of the militant church. Harpsfield. This Homily is less properly entitled in the table of contents, Of the Supremacy. 10. The same. Harpsfield. 11. Of the true Presence of Christ's body and blood in the Sacrament of the Altar. Harpsfield. 12. Of transubstantiation. Harpsfield. 13. Of certain Answers against some common objections made against the Sacrament of the Altar. No author named.

* Cf. Vol. II. 273 of this work.

on account of the poverty to which their sees were reduced by the late depredations; but he excepted the new Bishop of Worcester, Pate, who had too long enjoyed the papal bounty to make such a petition.*

Before this letter was written, Julius the Third, the last of the genial popes, died. An effort was made to incline the triple crown to the brow of the English Legate and Cardinal Farnese, the friend of Pole, hurried from Avignon to Rome, bearing the letters of the French King to that effect. But if the rapid election of Cardinal Corvini, April 9, who took the name of Marcellus the Second, prevented the speed of friendship, the new pontiff had scarcely revealed to the world the admirable virtues in which he equalled the greatest of his predecessors, when, amid the sighs of Christendom, he expired. The three weeks of Marcellus were but a momentary revival of the noblest traditions of the pontificate inserting an almost imperceptible link or break between the papacy of the renascence and the papacy of modern ages. Even so the last emperor of the West, who deserved the name, displayed to his degenerate contemporaries the qualities of the hero, the magistrate, and the patriot: excelled in their estimation all who had ever worn the purple before him: but was unable to exhibit more than a specimen of himself or to revive Rome. It was a revulsion from the easy, the pleasant,

* Pole to Julius III., March 12, Epist. v. 4. Julius died the day before Pole wrote to him. Pate seems to have carried Pole's letter to Rome, for he was there at the Consistory of June 7, when Ireland was erected into a kingdom. See further on. The letter of Philip and Mary, commissioning the three ambassadors, of February 16 and a letter of Philip and Mary to Pope Julius, of February 21, are in Granvelle's Pap. d'Etat, iv. 386. In the latter there is the Supplication of Parliament for the reconciliation, and a list of the laws repealed by Parliament.

+ I venture to compare the transient pontificate of Marcellus with the extraordinary character and brief imperial reign of Majorian: who "excelled in every virtue all his predecessors who had reigned over the

the profligate, the splendid, that caused the election of Marcellus, whose whole life had been irreproachable, who was earnestly bent on the reformation of the Church, An austere spirit was entering into Rome: the new Pope had already shown himself fit to guide it well, when his career came to an end.

The claims of Pole were advanced again upon this event: the Queen and Gardiner exerted themselves in his favour the French interest was put in motion once more for him and extraordinary anxiety about the election was manifested by the English Court.* Letters of the Council were sent to all the bishops commanding them in their common prayers to implore for the guidance of Heaven, that the college of cardinals might in short time agree upon one who "would be meet to restore the unity and concord of Christ's Church, which hath late been sore troubled."+ But the choice of the conclave fell upon a more powerful person than the English Legate: and, May 23, the terrible John Caraffa, Cardinal Chieti, came forth as Pope; who took the name of Paul the Fourth.

This was the man who gave to the austere spirit that

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Romans," on the testimony of Procopius and Gibbon (ch. xxxvi.). the second Pope Marcellus the mournful Italians, as Ranke says, applied the immortal lament of Virgil concerning another of the name: "Ostendent terris hunc tantum fata."

* Montmorenci wrote to Noailles, 10 May, promising the French interest to Pole. Noailles wrote to Montmorenci, 15 May, strongly urging Pole's claims, as one who would put Christendom to repose, and be without partiality toward the French King or the Emperor. Ambassades, iv. 301, 303. Gardiner was soon after at Calais with Arundel and Paget to whom the Queen wrote urgently, 30 May, to solicit the French interest for Pole; as one who would see "good order maintained and all abuses reformed in the Church." Burnet Coll. No. xviii. to Pt. II. Bk. ii. This letter is misdated May 10 by Philips, Life of Pole, ii. 155. It was too late, as Paul IV. was elected May 23.

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+ The Letters of Council to the bishops to pray for a good Pope, were also too late, May 23, the day of the election. Wilkins, iv. 128.