one body, and into one unity and brotherly love, wherein each member embraceth other. We certainly know that the whole religion set out by the holy saint our late most dear King Edward is Christ's true religion: we beseech the Queen's grace not to compel us to do against our conscience by bringing in the Latin Mass and casting out Christ's holy Communion and English service. We are earnestly required to go in procession, when the priests say things in Latin of which we are ignorant: we have learned to follow Christ better in one sermon such as have been by our preachers than in all the processions that ever we shall go in. When, kneeling, we worshipped the Divine Trinity with the invocations of the Litany, desiring such petitions as our mortal state requireth, then we were edified: and at Evensong we understood our ministers' prayers, and were admonished by the Scriptures read which in the Latin Evensong all is gone. At the Ministration of holy Baptism we learned what league and covenant God had made with us, what vows and promises we had made, to believe in Him and walk in His ways: and the Christian Catechism continually called to remembrance the same : whereas before no man knew anything at all. There were good men that had been godfathers to thirty children, and knew no more of the office of godfather but to wash their hands ere they departed the Church, or else fast five Fridays on bread and water. Now a man can go to no place, but malicious busybodies curiously search out his deeds, mark his words, and if he agree not with them in despising God's word, they rail against him and it, calling it error and heresy, and the professors of it heretics and schismatics, with other odious names, as traitors, not the Queen's friends, not favourers of the Queen's proceedings: as if to love God's word were heresy, to talk of Christ were to be

schismatic; as though none could be true to the Queen that were not false to God, none could be the Queen's friends who railed not on her father and brother, none could favour her but such as hated godly knowledge! All this turmoil is made for the inventions of popes, brought into the Church of their own imaginations, for which there is no example or commandment of Christ or of the Apostles, not a word in the Bible: not a doctor of antiquity before St. Austin's day that alleges or maintains them, as it hath been divers times sufficiently proved before the whole Parliament and Convocation of this realm. We beseech the Queen's Majesty to have pity upon her Grace's poor Commons, faithful and true subjects, members of the same body politic whereof her Grace is Supreme Head." This noteworthy remonstrance was written by laymen.*

In Salisbury three men, Maundrel, Coberley, and Spicer a husbandman who could not read, but nevertheless carried Tyndale's New Testament about with him, who had in a white sheet carried a candle in the days of the visitation of monasteries, a tailor and a mason: who all three together had gone into a church to disturb the service were taken before Bishop Capon and his chancellor, examined in several private conferences, and burned together in the same fire.† The most experienced of these martyrs, in one of his answers, when he said that images were good to roast a shoulder of mutton, sounded

Fox, iii. 578. There is a rotund flavour about this Supplication which is curious. From some things that it contains it might have belonged to an earlier period in the reign. It speaks of Gardiner, in reference to his De Vera Obedientia, as if he were living and it has the expression, "If persecution shall ensue, which some threaten us with": as if the persecution had not begun. It seems not impossible that the writers had Bale's Admonition before them, and were unable to alter some of his expressions and arguments to suit their own day. Strype says that this Supplication was of this year. v. 555.

+ Ib. 558.

the note of the earlier depravers of the old system.* They all affirmed the position that Christ, the Head of the Church, had no vicar on earth, but that within his own dominions, next under Christ, the sovereign was head of the Church, whether man or woman. In Rochester a man and a woman, Harpole and Beach, were examined by Griffin the Bishop, and burned together, April 1: Joan Beach allowed that all who taught contrary to their mother the Holy Catholic Church were to be reputed excommunicate and heretics; adding that she believed not the Holy Catholic Church to be her mother, but the Father of heaven to be her father. On the following day at Cambridge, under the ancient Shaxton, suffragan of Thirlby of Ely, suffered John Hullier, a priest, educated at Eton, conduct in King's College: who had been long in prison. He left behind him some prayers, and two letters "to the Christian Congregation, to the whole Congregation of God," against complying by going to Mass: wherein to the piteous question, "What are we to do, are we to cast ourselves headlong to death?" he returned the unshrinking answer, "I say not so: nevertheless come out from among them, join not yourselves to their unlawful assemblies, nor shew yourselves in the least part of your bodies to favour their wicked doings, but glorify God as well with your whole body outwardly as inwardly in your spirits, or else ye can do neither of both well." "f

*Fox, iii. 569: cf. Vol. I. 406 of this work.

+ Ib. 583.

Ib. 583. Of Hullier, because, as Fox laments, none in the University took the pains to record his sufferings, Parsons remarks, “By this we may perceive how contemptible a thing this minister was. Though Fox doth set down certain railing letters of his (if they be truly his) which shew a most blasphemous and malicious spirit, according to the primitive birth of that generation." Three Conversions, pt. iii. 438. But still Strype has gathered a few particulars: that Hullier was cited to appear at St. Mary's in Cambridge "before a great rout of popish doctors, as Young, Sedgwick, Scot, and especially as chiefest Dr.

A blind boy and a bricklayer, Drowry and Croker, illustrated further by a fiery death the city in which Hooper had perished: of whom the former put to shame Doctor Williams the Chancellor of Gloucester by the reply that he "could not dispense with his conscience so easily," when, reminding the Chancellor that it was from a sermon preached by him that he had first imbibed the opinion which he held concerning the Sacrament, he received from him the invitation to "do as he had done, and live, and escape burning." * The outburst of vigour in this diocese may not have been unconnected with the visitation which was made there this year by the Bishop under the direction of Pole. For Pole, ever willing to act through others, issued several commissions for visitations of dioceses in this year. In his own diocese of Canterbury he issued commissions to David Pole, whom he appointed his Vicar General, to Harpsfield, to Collins, to Packard, to visit several deaneries that were his peculiars. As to his own cathedral church, he inhibited Harpsfield to visit, that he intended himself to visit: and certainly he cited the members to appear on May 18; and adjourned the visitation to May 28, when Thornden said the Mass of the Holy Ghost, a canon named Wood preached the sermon, and if he himself came not, yet he had Articles to be Enquired made ready both for his clergy and laymen; in which he demanded of the one, among other things, whether there were any, who formerly were naughtily joined to women, not yet reconciled, whether they had divine service in the Latin Shaxton," that he was condemned on Palm Sunday and burned on Maundy Thursday on Jesus Green. v. 570. This was the last public act known of Shaxton. I also may claim perhaps to have culled a particular, that Hullier had been deprived of a living three years before, see ch. xxiii. above, p. 159. And if Parsons had looked further in his Fox, he would have found a further "Note of John Hullier" giving many other particulars, p. 695.

* Fox, iii. 589.

VOL. IV.

tongue, whether the names of St. Thomas and of the Pope were restored in the volumes from which they had been erased; and whether they went with their crowns and beards shaven: of the others, the laymen, whether they maintained any heresy contrary to the laws ecclesiastical, kept any secret conventicles or lectures; or refused reverence to the Sacrament of the altar; whether they were confessed and communicated at Easter: whether they had in their churches a rood of decent stature, with Mary and John, and the image of the patron of the church: whether any depraved the authority of the Bishop of Rome.* Nor less was he prompt on the occasion of mutation or other accident to impose metropolitically a visitation upon any other diocese: for by his order Winchester, void by the death of Gardiner, was visited by Doctor Stympe and Stuard the Dean, Peterborough was perused by Binsley a canon on the death of Chambers, Bishop White investigated Lincoln roundly before he parted with it, and after White's translation to Winchester Doctor Pope again examined his vacated church; Salisbury was committed to Doctor Jeffrey and some other officials on the death of Capon.† All these doctors were doctors of laws: most of the regions which they invaded were lighted presently, as it will be seen, by the flames of persecution. As for the see of Gloucester, there was no change of bishop there, but Brooks was Pole's subdelegate: under that colour he received Injunctions from his superior, and held a visitation by his authority and the Injunctions that he received, seeming to have a wider scope than one diocese, were in likelihood the same that were sent to the other dioceses that were touched from afar by Pole.

* Fox, iii. 654: Holinshed, 141: Strype, v. 479: Wilkins, iv. 169: all out of Pole's Register, fol. 32.

+ Strype, v. 481.