"Preach, if you have the gift," said the Legate by his subdelegate to the clergy of Gloucester, "frequently and diligently, not forgetting to declare from time to time the use of the ceremonies of the church, according to the decree of the late synod in that behalf. Until the homilies ordered by the late synod are published, read to the people portions of Bonner's Necessary Doctrine. Teach them the Creed, the Lord's Prayer, the Ten Commandments in English: minister the Sacraments and Sacramentals reverently and uniformly: celebrate divine service treatably and distinctly. Beneficed men, repair your chancels. No priest may haunt alehouses: nor retain any woman not of honest report, under pretence of keeping his house. No priest that was married and is reconciled, may resort to his pretensed wife: neither shall such priests withdraw themselves from the ministry of the priesthood, under pain of law. Have sermons and processions yearly upon St. Andrew's day in remembrance of our reconciliation to the Catholic Church. Let every dean report to his ordinary the deaths of his priests, the names of nonresidents and of them that for lucre say two masses a day. In visiting the sick with diligence, give them good counsel for their souls, and advertise them to make their wills in time, and charitably to remember the poor and other deeds of devotion. Let every parson, vicar and curate, the next week after Easter, send his ordinary a perfect certificate in writing of the names of those who have not confessed in Lent and duly received according to the ancient order of the Church, and the common

usage of all Christians." To the laymen he said, "Churchwardens, if there be any persons who were accustomed to sing in the quire in the time of schism, and now withdraw themselves, exhort them to sing, and if they will not, present them to the ordinary to the ordinary let every churchwarden who may be elected by

the parishioners repair within fifteen days to receive orders for execution of his duty, and not refuse the office, upon pain of contempt: make ye inventories of all lands, jewels, plate, and ornaments belonging to your churches: provide a decent tabernacle set in the midst of the high altar to preserve the most blessed Sacrament under lock and key, a taper or lamp burning before the same: a rood five feet in length at the least, not painted upon cloth or boards, but cut in stone or timber: present those who break any of these Injunctions, or offend in adultery, perjury, or other notable disorder. Parishioners of every parish, resort to your churches, and hear all divine service, not talking or walking up and down, but occupying yourselves with bedes or allowed and appointed books: confess in Lent to your own curate or parson or vicar before Passion Sunday, and to none others without special license: then pay or account for your tithes, and receive at Easter: kneel reverently, all of you, at the time of elevation, in such places in the church where ye may both see and worship the blessed Sacrament, not lurking behind pillars, nor holding down your heads, or otherwise behaving yourselves unreverently at that time in especial : use obediently all godly ceremonies, holy bread, holy water, bearing of candles, and of palms, receiving of ashes, creeping to the cross, standing up at the gospel, going on procession, and such-like laudable ceremonies: and besides the Sunday processions, once a week let one out of every house, the husband or wife, resort to the General Procession, to pray for the prosperous state of the King and Queen. Let the holy days and fasting days, heretofore abrogate, be observed. Let all who withhold any goods or money from the church restore the same before next Whitsuntide: and let the poor of every parish be charitably provided for according to the Act of Parliament and the decree of the late synod in that behalf. Let

public-houses be closed in time of divine service, none to be served there but passengers only or those who are in necessity of sickness: let there be no booths or merchandise in churchyards on Sundays." So would Pole have reformed the age, and enforced a perquisitorial vigilance upon the ordinary administration of English dioceses and parishes.

Pole's companion in exile and return, Goldwell Bishop of St. Asaph, issued in like wise Injunctions to his diocese, which in sundry matters traversed or resembled these foregoing. "That none be buried," he enjoined, "within a church or chancel unless he have a chapel of his own there, or pay a good sum for reparation : that no man or woman having at their deathtime a paramour' shall be allowed the Sacraments of penance or of the altar either at Easter or at the time of death, or have Christian burial: that priests admonish testators to remember the cathedral and parochial churches, the poor and needy: that no priest, 'having a woman at commandment,' presume to celebrate that no priests resort to taverns: or say two masses a day, except Christmas day: or wear a ruff in his collar or any cutting in body or sleeve, or put on him unfitting garments, on pain of excommunication: that parsons repair their mansions: that no school be kept in any church: that all the clergy observe all laws, statutes and constitutions as well synodal as provincial or legatine."†

In several of these invaded regions the persecution was stimulated fatally. Lincoln was visited about Easter by Bishop White by commission of the Cardinal: to the Cardinal a large particular thereof was sent and in the

* "Injunctions given in the Visitation of the most reverend father in God, the lord cardinal Pole's grace, legate de latere, by his subdelegate James, by the permission of God bishop of Gloucester, throughout his diocese of Gloucester." Hearne's Hist. Robt. de Avesbury, p. 376: Wilkins, iv. 145.

Wilkins, iv. 145.

detects and comperts of White and his coadjutors may be discerned some of the curious features of the age. Countless churches and chancels were in ruins, or had smashed windows, or other decay: many parishes were without priests, or had priests that could not preach: many had their goods detained, in one a man had detained eight cows that belonged to the church, in another a man had stripped the lead of the chancel on the allegation of a warrant granted him in the late reign. Of persons cited some fled beyond seas, or into other sees: others abode and did penance for heresy, for eating flesh in Lent, for adultery and lewdness, for being absent from church, or not going in procession. One had a penance assigned him for shaving a babe's head in mockery of the razure of priests: another for saying that the church bells were the devil's trumpets: another for enquiring what sport was towards, whether the vicar would run at the quintine, when on Palm Sunday the vicar performed the ceremony of opening the church doors with the staff of the cross: for eating flesh in Lent two others were enjoined to carry each a quarter of lamb, barefoot, round the public market. Of priests presented there were several who had married late nuns: others, who had been separated from their wives, had resorted to them again: others, on being separated from their wives, had altogether ceased to minister or officiate: one was ordered to make a recantation in his church for carrying his child in his arms, which he had in wedlock, to the scandal of others: another was found still living with his wife, being no priest and yet a rector, who had ministered all the sacraments in the late times: he was put to penance. Several were punished for administering the Sacrament of the altar at Easter to persons who had not previously been to confession: one curate was expelled the diocese because he had in several cases allowed the General Confession of the English service to

be used instead of auricular confession before ministering the Eucharist. Of all, of every condition, who were troubled in this Visitation there seems to have been but one who adhered to his opinions: and Thomas Moore, a young servingman, was burned alive in Leicester, June 26, upon the usual question concerning the Sacrament. †

A more notable victim was found in a see which seems in an unaccountable manner to have been subject to one of the doctors whom Pole had delegated to another see, when the commissioner of Salisbury, Doctor Jeffrey, held a visitation of the diocese of Oxford, whereof the diocesan was King, and in the town of Newbury condemned of heretical pravity a former fellow of Magdalen College. This man would be known, certainly he was admired, by another of the same house: for the historian of martyrs never exerted his pathetic faculty more than telling the story of Julius Palmer. He relates the learning of the youth, what Latin verses he wrote, how caustic on Gardiner: his resolved character, that "Palmer could in no wise dissemble": how, being zealous for the Old Learning, he had never shrunk from avowing himself in the reign of Edward, refusing to come

"Thomas Halcock curat. ecclie Omnium Sanctor. in Huntingt. quia ministravit eucharistiam Simoni White, Georgio Hasely, et aliis sine confessione auriculari, sed cum confessione generali in Anglica lingua, sicut fieri solebat tempore schismatis, primum in gaolam est per nos injectus; deinde etiam publica penitentia est illi injuncta: quam peregit. Et injunctum est eidem, ne amplius ministraret in diocesi Lincoln. Et super eo recessit." Comperta et detecta in Visitat. reverendiss. D. Cardin. per reverend. Patr. Joh. Lincoln. Epum. Strype, vi. 389. (Orig. No. LI.)

+ Strype, v. 483: vi. 390: Fox, iii. 630. I may add as to Lincoln, that there is in Pole's Register, fol. 43, a list of not less than fifty-five institutions to benefices, which were made during the vacancy of the see through White's translation to Winchester. Of these benefices, thirty-one were vacant "per mortem naturalem," sixteen "per liberam resignationem," five "per liberam et spontaneam resignationem." None are given as vacant per deprivationem, whether for marriage or any other reason: but so large a number of voluntary resignations, concurring with the severe visitation of the diocese, tells its own tale.