bridge; and in the marketplace proclaimed Mary queen, flinging up his сар, and "so laughing that tears ran down his face with grief." On the next morning his enemy Arundel arrived from London to arrest him.

In these strange events several of the leading Churchmen of England had borne their public part. Cranmer headed with his name the list of the Council appended to the various letters and declarations which the Duke extorted. Ridley, who always struck hard, preached by order of the Council, upon one of the two Sundays during which the reign of Jane lasted, at Paul's Cross a sermon in which he warned the nation of the danger of the stiffness of Mary's papistry, relating his own former experiences of her that she would upset the religious settlement of Edward, and betray the kingdom to a foreign power.

*

Ridley's sermon was on 9 July, three days after the death of Edward. Strype, Eccl. Mem. v. p. 6. Grey Friars' Chron. On the following Sunday, 16 July, the sermon at Paul's Cross was by Rogers the Reader of S. Paul's, a future martyr: who made no allusion to passing events. Mr. Froude however makes Ridley preach on the latter day. "On Sunday, the 16th, the preachers again exerted themselves. Ridley shrieked against Mary at Paul's Cross" (vi. 26). Stow also and Heylin give the later date.

As to the matter of the Sermon, the Council set Ridley on, and it was a prescribed sermon: Ridley was ordered "to advance the title of Queen Jane, and shew the invalidity of the claim of the Lady Mary: which he performed according to such grounds of law and polity as had been laid together in the Letters Patent of King Edward, by the authority and consent of all the Lords of the Council, the greatest judges in the land, and almost all the peers of the kingdom: But then withal he pressed the incommodities and inconveniences which might arise by receiving Mary for their Queen, prophesying that which after came to pass, namely, that she would bring a foreign power to reign over this nation; and that she would subvert the true religion, then established by the laws of the realm. He also shewed at such time as she lived in his diocese, he had travailed much with her, to reduce her to the true religion; but that, though otherwise she had used him with great civility, she shewed herself so stiff and obstinate, that there was no hope to be conceived but that she would disturb and destroy all that which with such great labour had been settled in the reign of her brother: For which sermon he incurred so much displeasure, that it could never be forgiven him, when all the rest were

At Cambridge, Sandys, the Vice-chancellor, a young and ardent man, not of stainless reputation, preached before the Duke, on the following Sunday, a sermon of which various reports have been preserved. Marvellously guided, as he said, to choose for his text the declaration of the Israelites that as they had followed Moses so they would follow Joshua, he delivered so moving a discourse, according to some, as to draw tears from many: his eloquence was aided by the exhibition in the pulpit of a Missal and a Grail said to have been taken in a house where the Lady Mary had lately been: and his great auditor was so well pleased as to require that which he had spoken to be reduced to writing.* According to the other account, he handled his text so warily as to satisfy the Duke without giving occasion against himself.† But Sandys, who now bore the reputation of "the greatest heretic in England," lacked not courage; and may be believed to have done his utmost for a cause which seemed to carry with itself the fate of the Reformation. It was he who stood at the Duke's side when, two days after the sermon, on his discomfited return to Cambridge, he laid down his arms and proclaimed Queen Mary. The fall of his superior, for the Duke was Chancellor of Cambridge, involved his own. On the same afternoon he was deposed from his office, after furiously drawing his dagger on the regents, to

pardoned, by whose encouragement and command he undertook it." Heylin. Fox also gives an account of the sermon, which is equivalent to this he says that Ridley "declared his mind touching the Lady Mary and dissuaded them, alleging the incommodities which might arise by receiving her to be their queen: prophesying, as it were, that which after came to pass, that she would bring in foreign power to reign over them, besides subverting of all Christian religion then already established."

Gardiner was afterwards reproached for having connived at the escape of "the greatest heretic in England, and one that of all other most corrupted the University of Cambridge."-Fox.

have despatched some of them "as God's enemies "; he was arrested, and carried to London. In the Tower and in the Marshalsea his captivity endured for some months, though it was of the mildest: and he was then permitted to pass out of the realm, mainly by the aid of Sir Thomas Holcroft, an old monastic Visitor of Henry's reign. Holcroft laid on him the condition that abroad he should write nothing that might come home; and Sandys, who afterwards rose very high, may be remembered here as the first imprisoned ecclesiastic and the silent exile of the reign of Mary.*

A train of her vanquished enemies preceded Mary to the capital. Upon the same day that Sandys, there came to the Tower the Duke himself guarded by four thousand men; three of his sons the Earl of Warwick, Ambrose, and Henry Dudley; and his closest confidants. Gates and the two Palmers. On the next day came Northampton; another Dudley, Robert; Corbet the Mayor of Norwich, and Bishop Ridley, who had set forth on a vain journey to justify himself to the Queen, and had been stopped and arrested at Ipswich: at a later hour came the two justices, Cholmondeley and Montague. The Duke of Suffolk, Sir John Cheke, and Sir John York, master of the mint, were added on the

* For the sermon compare Fox and Heylin. Fox gives a full and interesting account of all that took place at Cambridge, and of Sandys' mild imprisonment in London, where he walked abroad, preached, conversed, and saw his wife and his friends as he would. His conduct was not perhaps altogether to edification. Mr. Froude says (v. 37) that Sandys was "lashed to the back of a lame horse, and carried to London from Cambridge." No; he was set on a horse that was lame; but a friend lent him a better one before he started from Cambridge. Fox. But Ridley, not Sandys, was mounted on a lame horse and carried to London, after his ineffectual attempt to see Mary and get reconciled. So Fox. As to Holcroft, a wonderful rapacious new monastic, see Vol. II. p. 212, huj. op. It might be noticed that Duke Dudley, who had been compared in his prosperity to Moses by Bale, was by Sandys compared in the hour of his defeat to Joshua.

day following: when the Earl of Rutland and Lord Russell were committed to the Fleet. Of most of them the imprisonment was brief and formal: of Suffolk only of four days. But fines and the extreme penalty awaited some. The Queen dismissed the greater part of the armed hosts that had gathered round her at Framlingham, and moved to Wansted in Essex, whither the Court and the Council repaired to her: among them the princess Elizabeth at the head of a thousand horse, that she had raised for the defence of their joint title.

Her entrance into London took place on the third of August, amid rejoicings the like of which had not been seen since her last visit to the capital.* Encompassed by a bodyguard of hundreds of horsemen in green and white; red and white; blue, green, and white,† she was followed by thousands of the gentry and their mounted retainers: her sister Elizabeth, the Duchess of Norfolk, the Marchioness of Exeter, and other great ladies were of her train. At Aldgate, where she entered, the poor children of the Spittle stood on a stage, and sang an innocent welcome. The crafts of London, ranged with their banners and streamers, lined the streets from Aldgate to the Tower: peals of ordnance, musicks, to which a grave and solemn tone seems to have been appointed, the shouts of an innumerable multitude, proclaimed the universal joy. At the gate of the Tower, whither she proceeded, the memorable prisoners of the two former reigns, the old Duke of Norfolk, the Lord Courteney, son of the Marquis of Exeter, the Bishop of Winchester, and the widow Duchess of the late Protector Somerset, knelt down and saluted her. The * Vol. III. p. 299 huj. oper.

+ The fondness of the Queen for colours and splendid clothes, and the gay appearance which the court assumed on her accession, after the sombre days of Edward, is remarked by Noailles, and Griffet the writer of the tract, Nouveaux Eclaircissements sur l'Histoire de Marie, p. 21.

glow of exultation, which touched her pale cheeks with beauty,* was softened to compassion as she stepped up to them, and even kissed them, with the words, "These are my prisoners." After a single day of rest the changes of the reign began: and for three months between her entrance into the city and her coronation a rapid series of dismissions and substitutions, of disgraces and favours, reversed the order of the late reign and effaced the subsequent interregnum. The imprisoned bishops, Winchester, Worcester, Chichester and Durham, were pardoned and discharged:-Gardiner, Heath and Day from the Tower, Tunstall from the prison of King's Bench. From the Marshalsea issued Bonner "like a bishop," and amid the congratulations of the people knelt in prayer upon the steps of St. Paul's: whose place in the same prison was occupied forthwith by Doctor Cox, the late glorious Chancellor of Oxford.† Soon afterwards Gardiner was advanced to the seat of the Lord Chancellor, the Great Seal having been taken from Goodrich the Bishop of Ely. About the Queen's person were preferred Hastings and Jerningham, who had armed in her name, and Rochester, the former comptroller of her household, who had suffered imprisonment in her behalf. Sir John Gage was appointed constable of the Tower, his predecessor Lord Ferris being committed to his custody. Among the ambassadors at foreign courts the experienced Hoby and the merry Moryson were recalled from the Emperor, "considering

*La beauté de visage plus que mediocre. Renard, the Spanish ambassador, to Charles V. apud Froude, vi. 50.

+ The 5 of August at seven o'clock at night came home Edmond Bonner bishop from the Marshalsea, like a bishop, that all the people by the way bade him welcome home, both man and woman, and as many of the women as might kissed him, and so came to St. Paul's, and knelt on the steps, and said his prayers, and then the people rang the bells for joy : and when he left the Marshalsea there came in Doctor Cox for him. Grey Fr. Chron. 82.