APPENDIX.

P. 409. "MISSION dragonne."-The persecution that followed the revocation of the edict of Nantes, was attended with many cruelties to compel the protestants to renounce their faith; amongst others the dragoons of Louis XIV. were quartered on the inhabitants, and permitted to harass them. It is due to the character of the excellent Fenelon, that when he went as a missionary to persuade the protestants to become Roman catholics, he refused to allow the presence of dragoons where he exercised his mission. Ambitious as Louis XIV. was in early, and superstitious in later life, there is reason to conclude from original state-papers which have been since brought to light, that the cruelties of the persecution must be chiefly laid to the charge, not only of the Jesuit La Chaise, the king's confessor, but of the ministers of state, who instigated the commission of atro

cities, of the existence of which, to the full extent, the king himself was not aware. If this circumstance extenuates, it does not wholly remove the blame that must ever attach to the memory of Louis XIV. The persecution under that monarch has been followed by events, that should instruct all rulers in church and state to cherish sentiments of moderation towards their fellow-christians; for first, the immediate loss to the French nation at the emigration of those industrious protestants who fled to England and other protestant kingdoms, with skill in their manufactures, was immensely great:* Secondly, The intolerance that marked the conduct of the church of Rome at that period and in the following century, was a subject of which deists of the school of Voltaire and D'Alembert availed themselves to diffuse the principles of infidelity, and hatred, not only to the church of Rome, but to christianity itself; a circumstance that combined with several other causes to promote the terrific event of the French revolution and, Thirdly, was not the desolation of the church of France at the revolution, when

*For proofs of the losses then sustained by the French nation see "Etât de la France, extrait par M. le Comte de Boulainvilliers des memoires dressées par les intendans du royaume par l'ordre du Roi Louis XIV. à la solicitation du duc de Bourgogne;" a work published in 1727.

her clergy sought refuge in other kingdoms, an affecting proof of the displeasure of a righteous Providence, which often awards an awful retribution upon those who "have shed the blood of saints?"...... But it is painful to recur to such scenes;......it is salutary, however, if members of the church of Rome, and of the reformed churches, read, as they should in such events, the impolicy and the impiety of persecuting fellow-christians for their religious opinions; and learn, whether fellow-subjects or natives of different countries, to "love one another with a pure heart fervently." If France was once distinguished for the most disastrous effects of religious animosity, it should be mentioned to the honour of the mild and amiable Louis XVI. that he granted to the protestants, in 1785, religious privileges which his predecessors had withheld; and it is due to its government to state, that at the present moment protestants are admitted as peers and deputies in the representative chambers of that great kingdom; and that protestant ministers are generously maintained, and their temples repaired, by an allowance from the public treasury.

P. 419. "Serenus évêque de Marseille.”This prelate removed the images which he found in the churches of his diocess, in the sixth century.

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P. 419. " Agobard. Dungal." Agobard, archbishop of Lyons, wrote, amongst other works, a celebrated book, "De picturis et imaginibus,"-" which has greatly embarrassed the doctors of the Romish church."

Dungal, a native of Ireland, retired to a French monastery, and gave lessons in astronomy and other branches of philosophy. Like the other opponents of Claudius of Turin, he contended for "the innocence and usefulness of images, without pretending to represent them as objects of religious worship." May not a fair and public appeal be made to the church of Rome to abolish the use of images, on this simple ground, that if adopted as books and letters to instruct the ignorant during dark ages, when ignorance prevailed and MSS. were scarce, they are now become needless; the art of printing having been discovered, books multiplied, and education being general in all classes of society?

A curious and convincing proof of the want of wisdom in those who pleaded for the use of images, as a substitute for books and letters to instruct the ignorant, once took place; for a sect, called Anthropomorphites, arose in Italy in the tenth century, when numbers of the illiterate, who saw the Supreme Being always represented in human shape in images and pictures in the

churches, fancied that God resembled an earthly monarch on a throne of gold.

Ratherius, bishop of Verona, combated this heresy.

P. 419. 423. The second council of Nice, which countenanced image-worship, is alluded to. The same quotations have already appeared in pp. 32. 33.

P. 421. "Calvinistas Claudii Taurinensis assertiones."-See the remarks, p. 157.

P. 434. "Etrennes."-This is the title of a literary and religious work published in French.