judgment, great candor, piety, and gravity; a faithful hiftorian, accurate chronologer, and skilled in the holy fcriptures to a miracle; very charitable, and diligent in a careful difcharge of his epifcopal office [G]. Cardinal Noris ufed to fay, That when he confulted "other learned men upon any difficult points, he generally "failed of fatisfaction; but that whenever he applied him"felf to dr. Lloyd, he was fure of having all his difficulties "folved." But above all, dr. Burnet, who knew him well, ftiles him "a perfon most indefatigable in his industry, and "the moft judicious in his obfervations of any that he knew, "and one of the greatest mafters of ftile then living.' "He was, adds this reverend historian, a great critic in "the Greek and Latin authors, but chiefly in the fcriptures, of the words and phrafes of which he carried a "perfect concordance in his head, and had it the readiest "about him of all men that I ever knew. He was an exact "hiftorian, and the most punctual in chronology of all our "divines. He had read the most books, and with the best judgment, and had made the most copious abftracts out "of them, of any in that age; fo that Wilkins used to say, "he had the moft learning in ready cafh of any he ever "knew. He was fo exact in every thing he fet about, that "he never gave over any part of study till he quite mastered "it; but when that was done, he went to another fubject, "and did not lay out his learning with the diligence he laid it in. He had many volumes of materials upon all "fubjects, laid together in fo diftinct a method, that he "could, with very little labour, write on any of them. "He had more life in his imagination, and a truer judg66 ment, than may feem confiftent with fuch a laborious "course of study. Yet, as much as he was fet on learn"ing, he had never neglected his paftoral care. For feve"ral years he had the greateft cure in England (St. Mar"tin's) which he took care of with an application and dili gence beyond any about him, to whom he was an ex"ample, or rather a reproach. He was a holy, humble, "and patient man, ever ready to do good when he saw a "proper opportunity; even his love of ftudy did not divert "him from that bleffed employment [H]." Such is the incenfe offered with a liberal hand to our author's memory, by dr. Burnet. It was indeed a debt of gratitude to this friend, who had not only put him upon writ [G] Willis as before. [H] Burnet's hift. of his own times. ing, but furnished moft of the materials, and afterwards revifed every fheet, of his Hiftory of the reformation [1], that corner-ftone of Burnet's fame. Befides, there was another motive, which may, perhaps, be thought to work more powerfully upon him than gratitude. Bifhop Lloyd, for we must not conceal it, was, with all his ackowledged worth in other refpects, a zealous party-man, and of the fame fide with his brother Burnet; no wonder, therefore, that we find this latter cafting a thick veil of filence over the fouleft blot in his friend's character. The fimple fact, without any colouring, is this: in 1702, bifhop Lloyd and his fon having too warmly interefted themselves in the election of knights of the fhire for the county of Worcester, and endeavoured to hinder fir John Packington from being chofen, a complaint was made to the house of commons, who thereupon came to the following refolutions. "Refolved, "That it appears to this house, that the proceedings of "William lord bishop of Worcefter, his fon and his "agents, in order to the hindering of an election of a mem"ber for the county of Worcester, has been malicious, un"chriftian, and arbitrary, in high violation of the liberties "and privileges of the commons of England. Refolved, "That an humble addrefs be prefented to her majefty, that "fhe will be graciously pleased to remove William lord bishop of Worcester from being lord-almoner to her majefty, and that mr. attorney-general do profecute mr. Lloyd, the lord bishop of Worcester's fon, for his faid "offence, after his privilege as a member of the lower " house of convocation is out [K]." In pursuance to these votes, an addrefs being prefented to the queen, her majefty complied with it, and difmiffed the bishop from his place of almoner [1]. Below is a catalogue of his works [M]. [1] Preface to his Hift. of the reformation. [*] Votes of the house of com mons. [L] Boyer's life of queen Anne. [M] Befides the Confiderations, &c. mentioned above, the reft are, 1. The late apology in behalf of papifts reprinted and anfwered, in behalf of the royalifts, 1667, 4to. 2. A feasonable difcourfe, fhewing the neceffity of maintaining the eftablished religion, in oppofition to popery, Lond. 1673, 4to. there was a fifth edition that year. 3. A reasonable defence of the feafonable difcourfe, &c. Lond. 1674, 4to. These were anfwered by the earl of Castlemain. 4. The difference between the church and the court of Rome. 5. The following fermons: A fermon before the king, Lond. 1665, 4to. At the funeral of bishop Wilkins, Lond. 1673, 4to. and again in 1678, 8vo. at the end of the bifhop's treatife of Natural religion. Before the king, Lond. 1674. At the funeral of fir Edmundbury Godfrey, Lond. 1678, 4to. At St. A 4. Martin's, Martin's in the Fields on the 5th of November, Lond. 1679, 4to. Before the king, November 24th, ibid. 4to. Before king William and queen Mary, November 5, 1689, 4to. Before the king and queen, Lond. 1690, 4to: 6. A letter to dr. William Sherlock, in yindication of that part of Jofephus's history, which gives an account of Jaddus the high priest's fubmitting to Alexander the Great, Lond. 1691, 4to. 7. A difcourfe of God's ways of difpofing kingdoms, Lond. 1691, 410. 8. The pretences of the French invafion examined, &c. Lond. 1692, 4to. 9. A differtation upon Daniel's 70 weeks, printed under his article in the General Dictionary, the fubftance inferted into the chronology of fir Ifaac Newton. 10. An cxpofition of Daniel's prophecy of 70 weeks, left printed imperfect, and not published. 11. A letter upon the fame fubject, printed in the life of dr. Humphrey Prideaux, p. 288. edit. 1758, 8vo. 12. A fyftem of chronology, left imper fect, brit out of it his chaplain' LOCKE (JOHN) a very celebrated philofopher, and one of the greatest men that England ever produced, was defcended of a genteel family in Somerfetfhire, once possessed of a handfome eftate; but much impaired when it came into his hands, from his father, who was bred to the law, who followed it till the breaking out of the civil wars under king Charles I. when he entered into the parliament's fervice, and was made a captain, which might, perhaps, hurt his private fortune. However, his fon being born long before at Wrington, near Briflol, in 1632, he bred him up with great ftrictnefs in his infancy, and then fent him to Westminsterfchool; whence he became ftudent of Chrift-Church in Oxford, in 1651, where he made a diftinguifhed figure in polite literature [A}; and having taken both his degrees in arts at the regular periods, in 1655 and 1658, he entered on the phyfic line, went through the ufual courfes preparatory to the [A] See a copy of verfes, addreffed to Oliver Cromwell, upon his peace with the Dutch, in 1653, printed in ftate poems, vol. i. edit. 1699. practice, practice, and got fome bufinefs in the profeffion at Oxford. But his conftitution not being able to bear much fatigue of this fort, he gladly embraced an offer that was made to him, of going abroad in quality of secretary to fir William Swan, who was appointed envoy to the elector of Brandenburg, and fome other German princes, in 1664. This employ continuing only for a year, he returned to Oxford, and was profecuting his phyfical ftudies there, when an accident brought him acquainted with the lord Afhley, afterwards earl of Shaftesbury, in 1666. His lordfhip being advised to drink the mineral waters at Acton, for an abfcefs in his breast, wrote to dr. Thomas, a physician at Oxford, to procure a quantity of thofe waters to be ready at his coming there. Thomas being called away by other bufineis, eafily prevailed with his friend mr. Locke, to undertake the affair, who happening to employ a person that failed him, was obliged to wait upon his lordship on his arrival, to excufe the difappointment. Lord Afhley, as his manner was, received him with great civility, and was fatisfied with his apology; and being much pleafed with his converfation, detained him to fupper, and engaged him to dinner the next day, and even to drink the waters, as he had fome defign that he might have the more of his company, both this and the next fummer of 1667. After which he invited him to his house, and followed his advice in opening the abscess in his breast, which faved his life, though it never closed. That cure gave his lordship a great opinion of mr. Locke's skill in phyfic; yet upon a further acquaintance, he regarded this as the leaft of his qualifications. He advised him to turn his thoughts another way, and would not fuffer him to practife phyfic out of his houfe, except among fome of his particular friends. He urged him to apply himself to the study of state affairs, and political fubjects, both ecclefiaftical and civil. This advice proved very agreeable to mr. Locke's temper, and he quickly made fo confiderable a progrefs in following it, that he was confulted by his patron upon all occafions, who likewise introduced him into the acquaintance of the duke of Buckingham, the earl of Hallifax, and fome other of the most eminent perfons at that time. In 1669, or the following year, he attended the countess of Northumberland into France, with her husband; but the earl dying at Turin, May 7, 1670, mr. Locke, who was left in France to attend the countefs, returned with her ladyship to England. On his return, he lived as before, at lord lord Ashley's, then chancellor of the exchequer; who having jointly with fome other lords, obtained a grant of Carolina, employed our author to draw up the fundamental conftitu tions of that province, in which he discovered those latitudinarian principles, which were the rule of his faith in religion. He ftill retained his ftudent's place in Christ-Church, whether he went occafionally to refide for the fake of books and ftudy, as well as the air, that of London not agreeing with his conftitution. He had early taken a great difguft against the method of Ariftotle, and the fyftem of logic and metaphyfics ufed in the schools; and had a particular averfion to the fcholaftic difputations. In this difpofition he read Des Cartes's philofophy with pleasure; but upon mature confideration, finding it wanted a proper ground work in experiments, he refolved to attempt fomething in that way; accordingly having now got fome leifure, he began to form the plan of his Ellay on human understanding, this and the following year 1671, but was hindered from making any great progrefs in it by other employment, in the fervice of his patron, who being created earl of Shaftesbury, and made lord chancellor the following year, appointed him fecretary of the prefentations. He held this place till November 1673, when the great-feal being taken from his mafter, the fecretary, who was privy to his moft fecret affairs, fell into difgrace alfo; and afterwards affifted in fome pieces which the earl procured to be publifhed, to excite the nation to watch the Roman catholics, and to oppofe their defigns. However, his lordship being ftill refident at the board of trade, mr. Locke also continued in his poft of fecretary to a commiffion from that board, which had been given him by his mafter in June this year, and was worth 500 1. per annum, and enjoyed it till December 1674, when the commiffion was diffolved. On the 6th of February this year, he took his batchelor's degree in phyfic, at Oxford; and in the following fummer went to Montpelier, being inclinable to a confumption. This ftep was taken with the confent and advice of his patron [B], and he ftaid here a confiderable time. His thoughts were now chiefly employed upon his Effay, and falling into the acquaintance of mr. Herbert, afterwards earl of Pembroke, he communicated that defign to him [c]. In the [B] He had affifted his lordfhip a little before, in that extraordinary piece, intitled, A letter from a person of quality, to his friend in the country, &c. printed in 1675. [c] He dedicated both the Abftract, and the Effay itfelf, to this nobleman. interim |