of York, that it has two sets of roots, one seminal and the other coronal; that these are connected by a small pipe; that, when the sted is rightly sown, they are kept at a proper distance, so that the crown may be nourished by the seminal roots during the winter; and that, by the vigorous absorption of the coronal roots, in the subsequent progress of vegetation, strong and numerous stalks may shoot up, and produce a quantity of perfect grain.

On this principle, Col. D. proceeds to consider the properest culture of wheat. In strong land, he asserts the advantage of summer fallowing, especially where plenty of manure is not to be procured; and we believe that he is right: for, as Mr. Marshall has observed, strong land requires the pulverizing system, as the light land requires to be made more compressed and adhesive.

The Colonel next dicusses the subject of manures; quotes Pliny, to prove the utility of marle (marga) for manuring light land; and then recommends what appears to him the best mode of making and applying the manures in general use. He gives a very good reason for disapproving of top-dressings on strong land.

On the subject of seed, he recommends that it should be changed; gives it as his opinion that white wheats are best suited to light, and brown to strong soils; and he reasons very clearly against the efficacy of steeps for wheat. with Tull, that it is a token of mala stamina. This vegetable disease As to smutty wheat, he thinks, does not appear to be yet well understood.

The time of sowing wheat on strong lands, it is observed,should not be later than the end of October, or the beginning of Novem ber; and the best mode of sowing (on strong land) is broadcast under furrow; the drill husbandry cannot be practised on this land; nor does he recommend dibbling; and the seed, to make the seminal and coronal roots both perfect, should not be deposited in the ground less than two, nor more than three inches deep. In the succession of crops, Col. D. recommends wheat only every fifth year. He makes also some remarks on sheep-feeding, and on harvesting of wheat concluding with some general observations on the improvement of. agriculture.

We have thus glanced at the contents of this pamphlet; which proves the author to be an intelligent and reflecting Gentleman, farmer, who, in his rural avocations, is attentive to the good of his country. It is dedicated to the Duke of Clarence, who, we understand, has lately paid some attention to agriculture; and who will, no doubt, avail himself of the hints of his judicious friend Col. Dalrymple, in his farming experiments in Bushy Park.

Art. 22. The Scarcity of Wheat considered; or, a Statement of the Impolicy of the late and present Price of Wheat, the Consequences resulting from it, and Means suggested for its Prevention in future: in which the flagrant Practices of Farmers, Millers, and Bakers, are exposed, and the Corn Laws fully investigated. By the Rev. J. Malham, Vicar of Hilton, Dorset; and Ordinary of the County Gaol of Wilts. 8vo. IS. Wallis.

That bread should now rise in price, after so abundant and favourable a harvest, is an indisputable proof of contrivance and management

between'

between the growers and buyers of corn; which it is easier to reprobate than to counteract, without interfering with the freedom of trade. When the times are favourable to monopoly, monopolists will prevail. When wealth gets into few hands; when agriculturists can without inconvenience to themselves withhold from the public the produce of their farms; and when what is brought to the markets is bought up by a few all-grasping purchasers; the articles of the first necessity will increase in price.

Yet it is not perhaps so much as this writer suggests, that wheat is dear because farms are large, as because the circumstances of the times have aided their operation against the public. The advantages of small farms to the community are considerable; yet it must be recollected that grain has been at a reasonable rate since the system of throwing farms together under one tenant has prevailed. It will be said that this evil is continually growing; we fear that it is; and the vast sums gained by agriculturists, from the late and present high prices, must assist the great farmer in swallowing up the little one, and in giving him a command over the public supply.

LAW.

Art. 23. The Trial at large of John Rusby, Corn-Factor, for Re grating Corn, at the Corn Exchange, Mark Lane, London, 8th November last; tried before Lord Kenyon and a Special Jury, in the Court of King's Bench, Guildhall, the 4th of July, 1800. Taken in Short-hand by a Barrister of the Inner Temple. 8vo. Is. Ridgway.

At this season, particularly, the present cause is a very momentous one. Lord Kenyon's remarks, in summing up to the jury, manifest great ability and public spirit; and his compliment to the jury, on finding the defendant guilty, evinces his sense of the melancholy conse quences resulting from the evil practice with which the defendant was charged. "You have conferred the greatest benefit on the country, I believe, that any jury almost ever did.”

Art. 24. Reports of Cases argued aud determined in the Courts of Common Pleas and Exchequer Chamber, and in the House of Lords, from Easter Term 36 Geo. III. 1796, to Trinity Term 39 Geo. III. 1799, both inclusive, with Tables of the Cases and principal Matters. By John Bernard Bosanquet, of Lincoln's Inn, and Christopher Puller, of the Inner Temple. Vol. Ist. Folio, PP. 700. il. 19s. Boards. Butterworth. 1800.

In our 24th volume N. S. we announced the first number of this work, and we now gladly inform our readers that the volume is com pleted. Mr. Blackstone's valuable reports were brought down to the end of Hilary Term in the year 1796, and at that period the present publication commences. The authors state that the cases reported from Easter Term in the 36th year of the present King to Hilary Term in the 37th year, both inclusive, were taken from notes with which Mr. Abraham Moore favoured them; and that they have bestowed their utmost attention in digesting and arranging them. Indeed this part of the work, and the whole contents of the volume REV. SEPT. 1800.

H

before

before us, shew evident marks of accuracy and diligence. Many of the cases are of the utmost consequence, and are detailed with the strictest fidelity; and the notes, which frequently accompany them, prove that their authors have omitted no opportunity, and have spared no labour, in rendering their publication acceptable to the profession: these notes are apposite and judicious.

The first number of the second volume has appeared, and begins with last Michaelmas Term, when Sir John Scott (the late Attorney General) was appointed to succeed the late Lord Chief Justice Eyre, and took his seat in the Court of Common Pleas, with the title of Lord Eldon.

Art. 25. Principles of Conveyancing; designed for the Use of Students, with an Introduction on the Study of that Branch of Law. By Charles Watkins, Esq: of the Middle Temple. 8vo. pp. 180. 4s. 6d. Boards. Butterworth. 1800.

Mr. Watkins is already known to the profession as the author of several useful and ingenious publications, and we have more than once borne willing testimony to his merit. The present work is a judicious compilation, and will be found particularly serviceable to students, for whose use it was principally designed. We must not, however, omit to observe that many of the remarks contained in the introduction appear to be dictated by a spirit of arrogance, and are expressed in offensive language. The observations on Lord Kenyon's decisions in the cases of Doe on the demise of Rigge against Bell, and Clayton against Blakey, are disrespectful, if not ill-founded. We have regretted in silence, on other occasions, the appearance of presumption in this writer: but in the present instance it has so much exceeded former bounds, that it loudly demands reprehension.

Art. 26. A Report of the Case of Horner against Liddiard, on the Question of what Consent is necessary to the Marriage of illegiti mate Minots; determined on the 24th May 1799, in the Consistorial Court of London, by the Right Hon. Sir William Scott, Chancellor of the Diocese; with an introductory Essay on the Theory and the History of Laws relating to illegitimate Children, and to the Encouragement of Marriage in general. By Alexander Croke, Esq. LL. D. Advocate in Doctors-Commons. pp. 200. 5s. Boards. Butterworth. 1800. This is a very material case, and involves extensive and important interests in its decision.--The facts are shortly these:

8vo.

Harriet Liddiard, otherwise Whitelock, was the natural daughter of Sarah Liddiard by John Whitelock, Esq. and was born on the 12th of September 1777. Mr. Whitelock died in 1788, and by his last will, bearing date the 30th of April 1787, in which he appointed Sarah Liddiard, and George Ashley, since deceased, his executors, he acknowledged Hartiet Liddiard, otherwise Whitelock, as his natural child, and bequeathed certain parts of his personal property to his executors upon trust, to put the same out at interest, until Harriet Whitelock should attain the age of twenty-one years, or be married, with the consent and approbation of the said Sarah Liddiard and George Ashley, or the survivor of them; the interest in

the

the meantime to be laid out in her board, maintenance, clothes, and education; and to pay her the whole, when she should so attain the age of twenty-one years, or be married with such consent; and it was his will and desire that all possible care should be taken of the said Harriet Whitelock; and he gave the tuition and care of her to Sarah Liddiard and George Ashley during her minority. On the 7th day of March 1796, a marriage was solemnized between Thomas Strange ways Horner, Esq. and the said Harriet Liddiard, otherwise Whitelock, spinster, by virtue of a licence, under seal of the Consistory Court of the Lord Archbishop of Canterbury; wherein Harriet Liddiard. is described as a minor, and wherein it is stated, that the marriage was solemnized by and with the consent of Sarah Liddiard, there stiled Sarah Whitelock, widow, her mother and guardian; and which consent was in fact obtained. In February 1799, a suit was instituted by Mr. Horner in the Consistorial Court of London against Harriet Liddiard, otherwise Whitelock, falsely calling herself Horner, spinster, and pretending to be the wife of the said Thomas Strangeways Horner, to obtain a sentence, pronouncing and declaring the said marriage to have been null and void, pursuant to the act of the 26th year of King George the Second, chapter the 33d, usually called The Marriage Act, which enacts, in section the 11th," that all marriages, solemnized by licence, where either of the parties, not being a widower or widow, shall be under the age of twenty-one years, which shall be had without the consent of the father of such of the parties, so under age, (if then living) first had and obtained, or if dead, of the guardian or guardians of the person of the party so under age, lawfully appointed, or one of them; and in case there shall be no such guardian, or guardians, then of the mother (if living and unmarried), or if there shall be no mother living and unmarried, then of a guardian or guardians of the person appointed by the Court of Chancery; shall be absolutely null and void to all intents and purposes whatsoever."

It was admitted on the argument, and by the judge, that illegi timate children fall under the general regulations of the Marriage Act; and indeed that point had been previously determined in the case of The King against The Inhabitants of Hodnett, H. 26 Geo. 3. 1 T.R. 97. The only question for the opinion of the court, in this case, was what consent was necessary, besides that of the contracting parties, one of them being a minor, to render the marriage valid. Sir William Scott, in examining that question, decided that the marriage was null and void, on account of the want of the proper additional consent; he being of opinion that the consent of the parents in the case of illegitimate minors is not the consent required by the act of parliament, that extending to legal parents alone: but that the consent of a guardian, appointed by the Court of Chancery, was necessary in all instances circumstanced like the present, to give validity to the marriage. In the course of his judgment, which is very able and elaborate, he admits that the dscision of the case of The King against Edmonton, E. 24 Geo. 3. (reported in Const's edition of Bott, p. 76) is in oppcsition to his sentiments; for it was there determined that a female bastard under age, married by licence, with the consent of her putative father, gains a settlement by virtue of such marriage; and Justice

Buller, in delivering his opinion, says :-" It is not necessary to give a decisive opinion on the construction of the marriage act; for either this case is within the act, or it is not. If within it, there is nobody to consent but the putative father, and nobody else can be meant If, by a more strict construction, the act is held only to extend to cases where there is a lawful father, then this case is not within it, and nb consent was necessary."

Sir William Scott observed likewise that, in the case of Thoroton against Thoroton in the Court of Arches, and afterward in the Dele gates, a separation for adultery was founded on a marriage of this des cription; and he proceeds to state:

Although that matter of the marriage passed sub silentio, no objection to its validity having been pointed out to observation, yet, as it was not, and could not be dissembled in the libel, I cannot take upon myself to assert, that it did in no degree fall under the consideration of the court in the decision of that case.'

As the authorities on this important subject are contradictory, and as there is an appeal from the Consistorial Court, in which the present decree was given, we do not think it improbable that the matter may receive farther discussion than it has already undergone.

The introductory essay, which occupies nearly one hundred and fifty pages, discovers great and various knowlege on the subject; and we perused it with satisfaction as an appropriate preliminary to the principal case.

Art. 27. The modern Practice of levying Fines and suffering Recoveries in the Court of Common Pleas at Westminster, with an Appendix of select Frecedents. By W. Hands, Gent. one of the Attornies of the Court. 8vo. pp. 190. 4s. 6d. Boards. Butterworth.

1800.

We have frequently had occasion to notice different treatises on the subject of levying fines and suffering recoveries, in which the learning on these difficult and abstruse points of our law has been accurately and ably investigated :-but, at the same time, the information neces sary for the practitioner, being inconsistent with the plan and design of those writers, has been omitted. The present volume professes to sgive a distinct view of the mode in which these fictitious actions are maintained, in order to enable the practising lawyer to conduct this apart of his business with ease and accuracy. We can recommend the work to the attention of those for whose benefit it was more particularly intended, and the appendix of precedents will be found of consi derable service.

EDUCATION, DICTIONARIES, &c. Art. 28. A Marine Pocket-Dictionary, of the Italian, Spanish, Por tuguese, and German Languages; with an English-French, and French-English Index; being a Collection of a great Variety of the most useful Sea Terms in the above Idioms. By Henry Neuman, Agent and Translator of Languages. 12mo. 6s. Boards Vernor and Hood. 1799.

The following paragraph, extracted from the preface, explains the intention of this publication:

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