Cleveland-the Sixth City

The city of Cleveland which occupies some seventeen miles along the south shore of Lake Erie, covering over fifty-three square miles and containing more than four-fifths of a million people, derived its name from its founder, General Moses Cleveland.

Manufacturing

Cleveland has attained her place as industrial center by team work, rather than by the performance of individual stars. The city's manufacturing is remarkably diversified, which fact has been of material advantage in the growth of the city because it has encouraged and developed a diversified and excellent labor supply. In production of automobiles, tacks, stoves, aluminum, iron, steel and brass castings, bolts and nuts, wire, wire springs, wire fence and wire nails, tools, machine tools, Mazda lamps and dry batteries, hoisting and conveying machinery, screws, ship building, stoves for oil, gas and coal, metal stampings, chemicals and hardware, Cleveland takes high rank.

Among the giant industries of Cleveland, iron and steel is chief giant. More capital is invested in it; it consumes more raw material and its product is worth more than any other. Four out of every five freight boats carrying ore on the Great Lakes are owned or controlled in Cleveland. In the ore, coal and grain trades about 450 bulk freight ships are employed. There are eight well known iron mining companies in Cleveland, with mines and properties in the Lake Superior region worth many millions.

Cleveland is paramount among American cities in the scope of its manufacture of things electrical. More than 90 percent of all the electric Mazdas made in the country are turned out by the Sixth City plants. In 1876, Charles F. Brush, a Cleveland inventor, gave the first demonstration of his arc lamp in the public square of Cleveland. From Cleveland, too, a mighty influence is exerted upon lighting problems of the world, for there is located the headquarters of the National Electric Lamp Association. Executive offices and laboratories of this company occupy a beautiful tract of seventy-nine acres, known as Nela Park, which has been called the University of Industry.

Nela Park is preeminently a seat for scientific research work. From the laboratories come reports and testimony of innovations, improvements and corrections of electric lighting devices. Also located in Cleveland are several of the largest plants in the world for the production of automobile batteries, generators, vacuum cleaners, electric fans, electric trucks, and electrically operated machines of various sorts, including the electric crane.

Expansion of automobile manufacturing in Cleveland has been one of the city's most notable recent developments. The cars manufactured include the Winton, White, Peerless, Chandler, Stearns, Grant, Jordan, Abbott, Owen, Magnetic, and Templar. In production of automobile parts and accessories, Cleveland leads all others. It is estimated that of every dollar spent for motor cars in the United States, thirty cents goes to Cleveland. More springs, for automobiles, wagons, and carriages, more storage batteries, motor cylinders, rims, and tubings, are made in Cleveland than anywhere else.

In its progress to second place as a manufacturer of women's cuter garments, the Sixth City has filled a new business district with factories of the most modern sort. There are no "sweat shops." Cleveland's eight woolen mills manufacture enough cloth each year to make approximately 2,000,000 suits. These mills with allied industries represent a capital of between $6,000,000 and $8,000,000. As a dry goods market, Cleveland is surpassed only by New York, Chicago, and St. Louis. Cleveland is the largest hardware center in the United States, and the world's largest paint factory is located there.

About 1858 when Cleveland started on its industrial career, it was no better than fortieth city in population and every one of the cities which ranked ahead of it as an industrial center in 1914 were among the first eight cities in population sixty years ago. Cleveland, therefore, from what might be considered a standing start, has far outstripped many sister cities in the race. toward industrial pre-eminence during the past sixty years.

Financial

Cleveland is fourth city in the United States as a financial center. Its choice as the location of the Federal Reserve Bank for the fourth district was made not only because of what it

had accomplished, but also because the city bids fair to become increasingly important.

Civic Spirit

The spirit of cooperation in Cleveland is strong. In civic affairs and in business, men of various interests and widely differing abilities labor for the common good. A striking example of this habit of working together was shown in 1916. President Wilson visited the city early that year and one result was that Clevelanders were chagrined at the lack of auditorium facilities. A special election was called; a whirl wind campaign conducted, and in a few weeks after the President's visit, a bond issue of $2,500,000 was authorized for a City Public Hall. Cleveland frequently has been called the best governed city in this country. It has never been dominated by an unprincipled political ring. The Sixth City was first to adopt the "saving daylight" plan; the "pay-enter" street car; the "every other street stop" for street cars. Cleveland was leader among American cities in the establishment of a community trust. The Cleveland Foundation is building a fund from the gifts of many donors for the purpose of doing welfare work of real significance to the city. Without owning the traction lines, the city controls the system even down to the details of operation, which has been responsible for the maintaining of exceptionally low rates of fare. Cleveland and suburbs constitute one of the best paved sections in this country, with a total of 1,000 miles of brick pavement in the city and county. A permanent city planning commission helps the city toward right decisions on proposed reforms, housing, transportation, recreation, and other public welfare matters. There are practically no areas of congested population in Cleveland, which is noted for the great number of home owners. According to the 1910 Federal census, 35.0 percent of Cleveland homes were owned by their occupants, being second of the American cities in this respect.

Educational Facilities

The city's educational facilities are notable. In the city system are 110 graded schools, twelve high schools of which three are technical high schools, and nine junior high schools. Parochial schools number fifty-seven. Cleveland is the seat

of Case School of Applied Science, Western Reserve University (including the College for Women) and of St. Ignatius College.

Following the Cleveland principle of making community enterprises really serve the community, the Public Library has forty-six branches and 590 distributing agencies. In gross circulation of books, the Sixth City ranks third in the United States, and in per capita circulation, first. The patronage of the new art museum in Wade Park is exceptionally large and numerous free lectures given in the branch libraries in connection with colleges are well attended

The Cleveland Chamber of Commerce with a membership of nearly 3,500 business and professional men co-ordinates the activities of various groups. Since our country's participation in the war, Cleveland's Chamber of Commerce has become a great war machine. Before the Congress committee had any occasion to call upon the convention board of the Chamber of Commerce for information or to procure railroad and pullman rates or other service, the manager of the board wrote to the local Alumni Association, inquiring what, if any, service it could give in arranging for its biennial congress. Cleveland is bountifully supplied with good accommodation for large convention gatherings. Its hotels are modern, and centrally located. Its principal auditoriums and leading hotels are in close proximity to one another. Three of its fine hotels, of which the Statler is foremost, are the largest in Ohio, and there is a fourth only slightly less in capacity. Each of these hotels is amply provided with assembly halls, banquet, registration, committee, and private dining rooms to fulfill all the requirements of any business convention. Supplementing these are five other big first-class hotels, thus providing approximately 5,000 rooms.

It will be pleasing, indeed, to the Alpha Taus of Cleveland to see a large attendance at the twenty-sixth congress, but whether the attendance be large or small, we expect to contribute our part in making the congress a success and to causing the delegates and visiting brothers to feel when departing from Cleveland that their visit for various reasons was well worth while.