apply to crews of ship, for the due restraint of whom regulations will be drawn up by the Consul and the local authorities. To Nankin, and other cities disturbed by persons in arms against the Government, no pass shall shall be given, until they shall have been recaptured.

ART. X.-British merchant-ships shall have authority to trade upon the Great River (Yang-tsz). The Upper and Lower Valley of the river being, however, disturbed by outlaws, no port shall be for the present opened to trade, with the exception of Chin-kiang, which shall be opened in a year from the date of the signing of this Treaty. So soon as peace shall have been restored, British vessels shall also be admitted to trade at such ports as far as Han-kow, not exceeding three in number, as the British minister, after consultation with the Chinese Secretary of State, may determine shall be ports of entry and discharge.

ART. XI.-In addition to the cities and towns of Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo, and Shanghai, opened by the Treaty of Nankin, it is agreed that British subjects may frequent the cities and ports of New-Chwang, Tang-Chow, Tai-Wau (Formosa), Chau-Chow (Swatoa), and KiungChow (Hainan). They are permitted to carry on trade with whomsoever they please, and to proceed to and fro at pleasure with their vessels and merchandize. They shall enjoy the same privileges, advantages, and immunities, at the said towns and ports, as they enjoy at the ports already opened to trade, including the right of residence, of buying or renting houses, of leasing land therein, and of building churches, hospitals, and

cemeteries.

ART. XXVIII.—Whereas it was agreed in Art. X. of the Treaty of Nankin, that British imports, having paid the tariff duties, should be conveyed into the interior free of all further charges, except a transit duty, the amount whereof was not to exceed a certain percentage on tariff value; and whereas no accurate information having been furnished of the amount of such duty, British merchants have constantly complained that charges are suddenly and arbitrarily imposed by the provincial authorities as transit duties upon produce on its way to the foreign market, and on imports on their way into the interior, to the detriment of trade; it was agreed that within four months from the signing of this Treaty, at all ports now open to British trade, and within a similar period at all ports that may hereafter be opened, the authority appointed to superintend the collection of duties shall be obliged, upon application of the Consul, to declare the amount of duties leviable on produce between the place of production and the port of shipment, and upon imports between the Consular port in question and the inland markets named by the Consul; and that a notification thereof shall be published in English and Chinese for general information. But it shall be at the option of any British subject, desiring to convey produce purchased inland to a port, or to convey imports from a port to an inland market, to clear his goods of all transit duties, by payment of a single charge. The amount of this charge shall be leviable on exports at the first barrier they may have to pass, or, on imports, at the port at which they are landed; and, on payment thereof, a certificate shall be issued, which shall exempt the goods from all further inland charges whatsoever. It was further agreed, that the amount of this charge shall be calculated as nearly as possible at the rate of two-and-a-half per cent. ad valorem, and that it shall be fixed for each article at the conference to be held at Shanghai for the revision of the tariff. It was distinctly understood that the payment of

transit dues, by commutation or otherwise, shall in no way affect the tariff duties on imports or exports, which will continue to be levied separately and in full.

ART. XXIX.-British merchant-vessels of more than one hundred and fifty tons burden shall be charged tonnage dues at the rate of four mace per ton; if of one hundred and fifty tons and under, they shall be charged at the rate of one mace per ton. Any vessel clearing from any of the open ports of China for any other of the open ports or for Hong Kong, shall be entitled, on application of the master, to a special certificate from the Customs, on exhibition of which she shall be exempted from all further payment of tonnage-dues in any open port of China, for a period of four months, to be reckoned from the date of her port-clearance.

ART. XLVII.-British merchant-vessels are not entitled to resort to other than the ports of trade declared open by this Treaty. They are not unlawfully to enter other ports in China, or to carry on clandestine trade along the coasts thereof. Any vessel violating this provision, shall, with her cargo, be subject to confiscation by the Chinese Government.

ART. L.-All official communications addressed by the diplomatic and consular agents of her Majesty the Queen to the Chinese authorities shall, henceforth, be written in English. They will for the present be accompanied by a Chinese version, but it is understood that, in the event of there being any difference of meaning between the English and Chinese text, the English Government will hold the sense as expressed in the English text to be the correct sense. This provision is to apply to the Treaty now negotiated, the Chinese text of which has been carefully corrected by the English original.

ART. LI.-It was agreed, that henceforward the character "I" (barbarian) shall not be applied to the Government or subjects of her Britannic Majesty, any Chinese official document issued by the Chinese authorities, either in the capital or in the provinces.

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ART. LII.-British ships of war coming for no hostile purpose, or being engaged in the pursuit of pirates, shall be at liberty to visit all ports within the dominions of the Emperor of China, and shall receive every facility for the purchase of provisions, procuring water, and, if occasion require, for the making of repairs. The commanders of such ship shall hold intercourse with the Chinese authorities on terms of equality and courtesy.

ART. LIII.—In consideration of the injury sustained by native and foreign commerce from the prevalence of piracy in the seas of China, the high contracting parties agree to concert measures for its suppression.

By a SEPARATE ARTICLE annexed to the Treaty concluded between Great Britain and China, on the twenty-sixth day of June, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, it was agreed that a sum of two millions of taels, on account of the losses sustained by British subjects through the misconduct of the Chinese authorities at Canton; and a further sum of two millions of taels on account of the military expenses of the expedition which her Majesty the Queen has been compelled to send out for the purpose of obtaining redress, and of enforcing the due observance of Treaty provisions, shall be paid to her Majesty's representatives in China by the authorities of the Kwang-tung province. The necessary arrangements with respect to the time and mode of effecting these payments, shall be determined by her Majesty's representative, in concert with the Chinese

authorities of Kwang-tung. When the above amount shall have been discharged in full, the British forces will be withdrawn from the city of Canton.

Commissioners were afterwards appointed, by both the Chinese Commissioners and Lord Elgin, to discuss the articles of the Chinese tariff; and having met at Shanghai for the purpose, they agreed as follows:

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Rule 1.-Unenumerated Goods.-Articles not enumerated in the list of exports, but enumerated in the list of imports, when exported, will pay the amount of duty set against them in the list of imports; and, similarly, articles not enumerated in the lists of imports, but enumerated in the list of exports, when imported, will pay the amount of duty set against them in the list of exports. Articles not enumerated in either list, nor in the list of duty-free goods, will pay an ad valorem duty of 5 per cent., calculated on their market value.

Rule 2.-Duty-free Goods.-Gold and silver bullion, foreign coins, flour, Indian meal, sago, biscuit, preserved meats and vegetables, cheese, butter, confectionary, foreign clothing, jewellery, plated ware, perfumery, soap of all kinds, charcoal, firewood, candles (foreign), tobacco (foreign), cigars (foreign), wine, beer, spirits, household stores, ships' stores, personal baggage, stationery, carpeting, druggeting, cutlery, foreign medicines, and glass and crystal ware. The above pay no import or export duty, but, if transported into the interior will, with the exception of personal baggage, gold and silver bullion, and foreign coins, pay a transit duty at the rate of 2 per cent. ad valorem. A freight or part freight of duty-free commo dities (personal baggage, gold and silver bullion, and foreign coins, excepted), will render the vessel carrying them, though no other cargo be on board, liable to tonnage-dues.

Rule 3.-Contraband Goods.-Import and export trade is alike prohibited in the following articles: Gunpowder, shot, cannon, fowling-pieces, rifles, muskets, pistols, and all other munitions and implements of war; and salt.

Rule 4.-Weights and Measures.-In the calculations of the tariff, the weight of a picul of one hundred catties is held to be equal to one hundred and thirty-three and one-third pounds avoirdupois; and the length of a chang of ten Chinese feet, to be equal to one hundred and forty-one English inches. One Chinese Chih is held to equal fourteen and one-tenth inches English; and four yards English less three inches, to equal one chang.

Rule 5.-Regarding certain Commodities heretofore Contraband. The restrictions affecting trade in opium, cash, grain, pulse, sulphur, brimstone, saltpetre, and spelter, are relaxed, under the following conditions:

1. Opium will henceforth pay thirty taels per picul import duty. The importer will sell it only at the port. It will be carried into the interior by Chinese only, and only as Chinese property; the foreign trader will not be allowed to accompany it. The provisions of Art. IX. of the Treaty of Tien-tsin, by which British subjects are authorized to proceed into the interior with passports to trade, will not extend to it, nor will those of Art. XXVIII. of the same Treaty, by which the transit-dues are regulated; the transit-dues on it will be arranged as the Chinese Government see fit; nor, in future revisions of the tariff, is the same rule of revision' to be applied to opium as to other goods.

2. Copper Cash.-The export of cash to any foreign port is prohibited; but it shall be lawful for British subjects to ship it at one of the open ports

of China to another, on compliance with the following regulation: The shipper shall give notice of the amount of cash he desires to ship, and the port of its destination, and shall bind himself, either by a bond with two sufficient sureties, or by depositing such other security as may be deemed by the Customs satisfactory, to return, within six months from the date of clearance, to the collector at the port of shipment, the certificate issued by him, with an acknowledgment thereon of the receipt of the cash at the port of destination, by the collector at that port, who shall thereto affix his seal; or, failing the production of the certificate, to forfeit a sum equal in value to the cash shipped. Cash will pay no duty inwards or outwards; but a freight or part freight of cash, though no other cargo be on board, will render the vessel carrying it liable to pay tonnage-dues.

3. The export of rice and all other grain whatsoever, native or foreign, no matter where grown or whence imported, to any foreign port, is prohibited; but these commodities may be carried by British merchants from one of the open ports of China to another, under the same conditions in respect of security, as cash on payment at the port of shipment of the duty specified in the tariff. No import duty will be leviable on rice or grain; but a freight or part-freight of rice or grain, though no other cargo be on board, will render the vessel importing it liable to tonnage-dues.

4. Pulse. The export of pulse and bean-cake from Tung-chau and Niuchwang, under the British flag, is prohibited. From any other of the open ports they may be shipped, on payment of the tariff duty, either to other ports of China or to foreign countries.

5. Saltpetre, sulphur, brimstone, and spelter, being munitions of war, shall not be imported by British subjects, save at the requisition of the Chinese Government, or for sale to Chinese duly authorized to purchase them. No permit to land them will be issued until the Customs have proof that the necessary authority has been given to the purchaser. It shall not be lawful for British subjects to carry these commodities up the Yang-tzekiang, or into any port other than those open to the seaboard, nor to accompany them into the interior on behalf of Chinese. They must be sold at the ports only, and except at the ports they will be regarded as Chinese property. Infractions of the conditions, as above set forth, under which trade in opium, cash, grain, pulse, saltpetre, brimstone, sulphur, and spelter, may be henceforward carried on, will be punishable by confiscation of all the goods concerned.

Rule 6.-Liability of Vessels entering Port.-To the prevention of misunderstanding, it is agreed that the term of twenty-four hours, within which British vessels must be reported to the Consul under Art. XXXVII. of the Treaty of Tien-tsin, shall be understood to commence from the time a British vessel comes within the limits of the port; as, also, the term of forty-eight hours allowed her by Art. XXX. of the same Treaty to remain in port without payment of tonnage-dues. The limits of the ports shall be defined by the Customs, with all consideration for the convenience of trade, compatible with due protection of the revenue; also the limits of the anchorages within which lading and discharging is permitted by the Customs; and the same shall be notified to the Consuls for public information.

Rule 7.-Transit Dues.-It is agreed that Art. XXVIII. of the Treaty of Tien-tsin shall be interpreted to declare the amounts of transit dues legally leviable upon merchandise imported or exported by British subjects,

to be one-half of the tariff duties, except in the case of the duty-free goods liable to a transit duty of 23 per cent. ad valorem, as provided in Art. II. of these rules. Merchandise shall be cleared of its transit dues under the following conditions: In the case of Imports. Notice being given at the port of entry from which the imports are to be forwarded inland, of the nature and quantity of the goods; the ship from which they have been landed; and the place inland to which they are bound, with all other necessary particulars, the collector of Customs will, on due inspection made, and on receipt of the transit duty due, issue a transit duty certificatc. This must be produced at every barrier station, and viséd. No further duty will be leviable upon imports so certificated, no matter how distant the place of their destination.

In the case of Exports.-Produce purchased by a British subject in the interior, will be inspected and taken account of at the first barrier it passes on its way to the port of shipment. A memorandum, showing the amount of the produce, and the port at which it is to be shipped, will be deposited there by the person in charge of the produce; he will then receive a certificate, which must be exhibited and viséd at every barrier on his way to the port of shipment. On the arrival of the produce at the barrier nearest the port, notice must be given to the Customs at the port, and the transit dues due thereon being paid, it will be passed. On exportation the produce will pay the tariff duty. Any attempt to pass goods inwards or outwards, otherwise than in compliance with the rule here laid down, will render them liable to confiscation. Unauthorized sale, in transitu, of goods that have been entered as above for a port, will render them liable to confiscation. Any attempt to pass goods in excess of the quantity specified in the certificate, will render all the goods of the same denomination named in the certificate liable to confiscation. Permission to export produce which cannot be proved to have paid its transit dues, will be refused by the Customs until the transit dues shall have been paid. The above being the arrangement agreed to regarding the transit dues, which will thus be levied once and for all, the notification required under Art. XXVIII. of the Treaty of Tien-tsin, for the information of British and Chinese subjects, is hereby dispensed with.

Rule 8.-Foreign Trade under Passport.-It is agreed that Art. IX. of the Treaty of Tien-tsin shall not be interpreted as authorizing British subjects to enter the capital city of Pekin for purposes of trade.

Rule 9.-Abolition of the Meltage Fee. It is agreed that the percentage of one tael two mace, hitherto charged in excess of duty payments, to defray the expenses of melting by the Chinese Government, shall be no longer levied on British subjects.

Rule 10.-Collection of Duties under one System at all Ports.-It being, by Treaty, at the option of the Chinese Government to adopt what means appear to it best suited to protect its revenue, accruing on British trade, it is agreed that one uniform system shall be enforced at every port. The high officer appointed by the Chinese Government to superintend foreign trade will, accordingly, from time to time, either himself visit, or will sent a deputy to visit, the different ports. The said high officer will be at liberty, of his own choice, and independently of the suggestion or nomination of any British authority, to select any British subject he may see fit to aid him in the administration of the Customs revenue; in the prevention of smuggling; in the definition of port boundaries; or in discharging the SERIES B.