HISTORY OF EUROPE.

.

CHAPTER I.

The Catholic Question--Public Conduct of the leading Members of the

Cabinet as to that Measure—Their secret change of Policy-Meeting of

Parliament-Speech from the Throne—The Address

[1

CHAPTER II.

Bill for the Suppression of the Catholic Association-Dissolution of the

Association-Mr. Peel resigns his Seat for the University of Oxford-

His attempt to be re-elected--Defeated in his attempt_Ministerial pro-

position for the unconditional removal of Catholic Disabilities- Mr.

Peel's Explanations and Defence of the Measure-Discussions in the

House of Commons on the Proposition-Majority in favour of the Pro-

position--Political Conversions Introduction and first reading of the

Bill for the Removal of Catholic Disabilities

[7

CHAPTER III.

Debate

on the Second Reading of the Catholic Relief Bil-Speeches of
Mr. Sadler, Mr. R. Grant, Sir Charles Wetherell—The Second Reading

carried-Amendments proposed in the Bill in the Committee Amend-

ment moved, to include the place of Prime Minister among the excepted

Offices—Bill read a third time, and passed by the House of Commons

-Sir Charles Wetherell dismissed from the Office of Attorney General

[38

CHAPTER IV.

The Catholic Relief Bill moved in the House of Lords---Debate on the

Second Reading Speech of the Duke of Wellington---Amendment, to

throw out the Bill, moved by the Archbishop of Canterbury-Debate

during three Days-Speech of the Bishop of Oxford in favour of the

Bill-Opposed by the Archbishop of Armagh, and the Bishops of London

and Durham-Speeches of the Lord Chancellor, Earl of Westmoreland,

Lord Tenterden, Earl Grey, Lord Eldon-Lord Plunkett-Second Read-

ing carried by a Majority of 105—The Bill is read a Third Time and

passed, and receives the Royal Assent-Unwillingness of the King to

consent to the Measure

[65

CHAPTER V.

Bill for the Disfranchisement of the Forty-Shilling Freeholders in Ire-

land--Mr. O'Connell claims to sit under the new Act-He refuses to

take the Oath of Supremacy, and is heard at the Bar—The House re-

solves, that he pust take the Oath of Supremacy, and orders a new Writ

for the County of Clare-The Marquis of Blandford moves Resolutions

in favour of Parliamentary Reform

[98

a

CHAPTER VI.

Motion for a Committee to inquire into the State of the Silk. Trade-

Motion rejected—Reduction of the Duties on the raw Material-The

Budget-Prorogation of Parliament.

[116

CHAPTER VII.

New Registration of Freeholders in Ireland.-Mr. O'Connell's Address

to the Electors of Clare. The Catholic Rent voted to support him-

He is elected without Opposition - Alarming State of Ireland

The Magistrates of Tipperary request the Renewal of the Insurrec-

tion Act--Disturbances among the Manufacturers in England-Spital-

fields, Macclesfield, Coventry, Barnsley-Court Martial arising out of

the Battle of Navarino

1123

CHAPTER VIII.

FRANCE.—Embarrassed State of the Ministry-Attempt to introduce

Prince Polignac-Partial changes in the Ministry-Meeting of the

Chambers, and Speech of the King Superiority of the Liberals in the

Chamber of Deputies—Bills introduced by the Ministry to regulate

the formation of the Municipal Councils in the Communes and Depart-

ments—Speech of the Minister of the Interior—The Chamber resolves

to proceed with the Departmental Bill first, in opposition to Ministers,

who are left in a Minority-Proposed Amendments—Division of Opinion

in the Ministry- Amendment to increase the Number of Electors of

the Departmental Councils lost by a small Majority-The Ministry

withdraw both Bills-Impeachment

of M. de Villèle abandoned— The

Chamber of Deputies order M. de Peyronnet to be prosecuted for ex-

pending a Sum of Money without a Vote of appropriation-Difference

between the two Chambers on this Subject - Bills for regulating the

Customs, and continuing the Tobacco Monopoly-Distress among the

Vine-growers, and Measures taken for their Relief-Finance-Discus-

sions regarding Foreign Affairs-State of the Ministry at the Close of

the Session-Immediately on the Close of the Session, the King dis-

misses the Ministry, and forms an Ultra-royalist Cabinet—Character of

the new Cabinet and its Members—Unpopularity of the Ministry-Pro-

secutions of the Press—Associations to resist the Payment of Taxes, if

Ministers should attempt to rule without a Chamber-Prosecutions on

account of them-Unpopular Proceedings of the

Ministers—Divisions
among them-M. de la Bourdonnaye retires, on Prince Polignac being

made President of the Council-Continued unpopularity of the Minis-

try_Transactions between France and Greece-Quarrel with Algiers.

· [137

CHAPTER IX.

PORTUGAL.-Unsuccessful Conspiracies in Lisbon-Trial of the Conspi-

rators—Miguel alters the Sentence of Banishment into Death, and

banishes those who had been acquitted—Sufferings of State Prisoners

Confiscations Attempt of Don Miguel against the Life of his Sister-

Intrigues of the Queen, which lead to partial changes in the Ministry-

Proceedings at Oporto against the Persons engaged in the Military

enterprise of the preceding Autumn-Nine of them are executed —

More bloodshed called for by the Priests, and a new Commission erect-

ed at Lisbon for the Trial of State Prisoners--Its Proceedings are intere

rupted by a change in the Ministry of Justice-The Queen opposes

herself to the more lenient conduct of the New Minister-Continued

Prosecutions and Punishments at Lisbon and Oporto---Sentence pro-

nounced at Oporto, in their absence, against the Marquis Palmella,

Count Villa Flor, and nineteen other General Officers-Forced issue of

Paper Money–Necessities of the Government-Count Villa Flor takes

the Command in Terceira in the Name of the Queen-An Expedition

sails from Lisbon to reduce Terceira—The Troops effect a landing, but

are totally defeated by Villa Flor-Spain recognizes the Title of Don

Miguel-Brazil craves the armed interference of Britain, which is refused

-Å Portuguese Expedition sails from Plymouth to reinforce the Garri-

son of Terceira, under the pretext that the Troops on board were to be

carried to Brazil—The British Government prevents them from landing

-Don Pedro refuses to enter into any compromise with Miguel, and

recals his Daughter from Europe.-Spain.-Executions at Barcelona,

Partial Insurrections in Catalonia-Cadiz is erected into a free Port-

Detection of a Fraud practised by Spain in relation to a French Loan.-

ITALY.—Death of Pope Leo XII, and Election of Cardinal Castiglione,

Pius VIII.

[174

CHAPTER X.

THE NETHERLANDS.—Dissensions between the Ministry and the States

General Progress of the War in Batavia.-GERMANY-BRUNSWICK.-

Decision of the Diet in the Quarrel between the Duke of Brunswick

and the King of Hanover

[200

CHAPTER XI.

Russia.–Opening of the Campaign between Russia and Turkey—The

Russian Fleet takes Sizeboli— The Turks are defeated in an attempt to

retake it—The Russian Army, under General Diebitsch, crosses the

Danube, and marches against Silistria—Skirmishes as it advances—The

Russians invest Silistria-The Grand Vizier moves from Shumla to

attack General Roth-Battle of Eski-Arnautlar—The Russians retire,

and the Grand Vizier besieges Pravadi-Count Diebitsch marches from

Silistria with part of the besieging Army to support General Roth, and

relieve Pravadi-He joins General Roth, and they occupy the Defiles

in the rear

of the Vizier, without his being aware of il-Battle of Ku-

lertscha— The Vizier forces open the Road to Shumla, and takes up a

new position–The Russians renew the attack, and the Turks take to

Flight–The Vizier regains Shumla—The Russians offer to open Nego-

tiations - Silistria surrenders, and the besieging Army joins Count

Diebitsch before Shumla—The Russians prepare to cross the Balkan,

leaving a Corps to watch Shumla—They effect the Passage of the

Kamtschick, and reach the summit of the Mountain, before the Vizier

is aware of their Movements—They descend the Southern Side of the

Balkan-They take Mesembri, Bourgas and Aidos, defeating, at the

latter, a large body of Turks—They take Karnabut and Sambol, and

push their advanced Guards towards Adrianople-The Vizier leaves

Shumla by a circuitous route, and reaches Seliinno on the Road to

Adrianople-The Russians attack the Turks at Selimno, defeat them,

and carry the Town—They advance to Adrianople, which capitulates, the

Turkish Garrison dispersing-The Fleet takes Vassilico, Agathopolis

and Ainada on the Euxine, and a detachment of the Army occupies Enos

on the Mediterranean-Opening of the Campaign in Asia. -The Turks

form the Siege of Akhalzik, but are compelled by the Russians to raise

it-The Pacha of Trebizond is driven from his Camp-Count Paske-

witsch succeeds in crossing the Mountains, to advance on Erzeroum,

and defeats the Turks in two separate Actions-Erzeroum surrenders
to the Russians Return of the English and French Ambassadors to

Constantinople-The Sultan refuses to accept their Mediation on the

terms proposed regarding Greece-State of the Capital as the Russians

advance Commissioners sent to Adrianople to treat-A suspension of

Hostilities takes place—Peace is concluded between Russia and Turkey

-Terms of the Treaty.--Persia.—Massacre of the Russian Ambassador

and his Suite at Tehran.-GRBECE.-Progress of the Greek Army in

Western Greece; they take Vonizza, Carvassara, Lepanto, Anatolico,

Missolonghi-Protocol of the three Powers regarding the Boundaries

and Settlement of GreeceThey request from the Greek Government

a suspension of Hostilities, which is refused-Dissensions among the

Military-General Church resigns the Command of the Army-Meeting

and Proceedings of the National Assembly-Negotiations at Constanti-

nople for the Settlement of Greece-The Sultan, in the Russian Treaty,

açcedes to the Protocol of the Allies-Conferences at London to carry

the Protocol into effect—The three Powers resolve that the Sovereignty

reserved to Turkey, by the Protocol and the Russian Treaty, shall be

abolished—They fix the Limits of the new Greek State

[204

CHAPTER XII.

UNITED STATES.-Congress-Inaugural Address of the new President-

BRAZIL.-Extraordinary Meeting of the Legislative Assembly-Pro-

posed Reformation of the Bank-Ordinary Meeting of the Assembly-

Reductions in Expenditure-Finances-Attempted Impeachments of the

Ministers of Justice and of War for their Proceedings on occasion of an

Insurrection at Pernambuco.-BUENOS AYRES.-General Lavalle, at

the head of his Troops, overturns the Government-Dorego, the Gover-

nor of Buenos Ayres, raises Troops in the Country to oppose him-

Lavalle marches against

him, defeats him, takes him Prisoner, and puts

him to Death without Trial Civil War-The Provinees of Santa Fe

and Cordova declare against Lavalle-He marches against theih-In his

absence the Federalists under Rosas approach Buenos Ayres—Lavalle

returns to defend the City-Buenos Ayres is besieged --Lavalle con-

cludes a Treaty with the Federalists-Reverses of the Federalists in

Cordova-The influence of Lavalle prevails in the Elections at Buenos

Ayres-- The Federalists refuse to acknowledge them-A new Con-

vention is concluded, annulling the Elections, and naming a Senate to

conduct the Government.--COLOMBIA.-War with Peru-The Peruvians

blockade Guayaquil, and make an unsuccessful attack upon it-It

afterwards capitulates—The Peruvians are defeated at Tarqui, and

Preliminaries of Peace are signed— The Peruvian Governor of Guaya-

quil refuses to give it up, and the Campaign is renewed-In consequence

of a Revolution in Peru, Guayaquil is given up to the Colombians, and

Hostilities are suspended, that a Peace may be negotiated—Bolivar con-

vokes an Assembly to meet in 1830-He forces by a Decree the Rights

of the Electors and the mode of Election-Santander's sentence of

Death is commuted into Banishment-Decree against secret Societies

-An Insurrection against Bolivar breaks out in Popayan, but is quelled

-Another Insurrection against his unlimited power breaks out in the

province of Antioquia-A Revolution in Bolivia in favour of the Co-

lombian party.-PERU.-A Revolution-The President, Lamar, is sent