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to dwell on all the face of the earth, and that they are by nature equal and free. We believe the day is not far distant when the enslaved children of Africa shall be emancipated:

"When negroes shall be blest,

Rank'd e'n as men, and men's just rights enjoy,
Be neither sold, nor purchased, nor oppress'd,
No grief shall wither, and no stripes destroy."

Slavery must vanish before the blessed influences of the religion of Jesus Christ. The rights and wrongs of Africa will be felt and redressed. In this glorious cause of freedom the names of Clarkson and Wilberforce in England, Gregoire in France, Humboldt in Germany, Galitzin in Russia, Franklin, Benezett, Mills and others in our own country, will not be forgotten, while memory loves to cherish the recollection of benevolent exertions in alleviating suffering humanity.-Praised be God! oppressed and injured Africa is yet to see better and brighter days, for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it. Ethiopia shall soon be raised from her state of degeneracy, and stretch out her hands unto God. The galling chains of African bondage shall be broken. The long degraded and cast off descendants of Ham shall arise and attain to an elevation and dignity, which will give them a rank among the polished nations of Europe and America. Where once echoed the classic story, and song, where once breathed the benign spirit of Christianity,-there again shall be found, the learned, the wise and the good.*

*The following are examples of what the Africans are capable of becoming. "Hannibal, an African negro, who had received a good education, rose to the rank of lieutenant-general, and director of artillery, under Peter the Great, of Russia, in the beginning of the last century."

"Francis Williams, a negro, was born in Jamaica, about the close of the seventeenth century. He was sent to England, and there entered the Uni versity of Cambridge. After his return to Jamaica, he opened a school and taught Latin, and the Mathematics. He wrote many pieces in Latin verse, in which he discovered considerable talents."

Those who by many are now regarded as little above the ourang outang, shall ere long become qualified to minister at the holy altar, and to take distinguished parts in the halls of legislation, in the cabinet, and in the enterprises of benevolence and improvement. Things shall be reversed, and the change has already commenced. The arts and sciences begin to flourish, civilization is making rapid progress, Christianity is introduced among them,

"Joseph Rachel, a free negro of Barbadoes, was another Howard. Having become rich by commerce, he devoted all his property to charitable uses, and spent much of his time in visiting prisons to relieve and reclaim the wretched tenants. He died in Bridgetown, in 1758."

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Antony William Amo was born in Guinea and brought to Europe, when very young. Under the patronage of the princess of Brunswick, he pursued his studies at Halle in Saxony and at Wittemburg, where he greatly distinguished himself by his talents and good conduct. In 1734, he took the degree of doctor in philosophy at the University of Wittemburg. Skilled in the knowledge of the Greek and Latin Languages, and having examined the systems of the ancients and moderns,' he delivered 'private lectures on philosophy,' with great acceptance."

"Thomas Fuller, a native of Africa, and a resident near Alexandria in the District of Columbia, though unable to read or write, excited surprize by the facility in which he performed the most difficult calculations. Being one day asked how many seconds a person had lived who was seventy years, seven months and seven days old, he answered in a minute and a half. On reckoning it after him a different result was obtained. 'Have you not forgotten the leap year?' says the negro. This omission was supplied and the number then agreed with his answer. When this account was given by the late Dr. Rush, Fuller was seventy years old."

"Phillis Wheatly, born in Africa in 1753, was torn from her country at the age of seven, and sold in 1761 to John Wheatly of Boston. Allowed to employ herself in study, she rapidly attained a knowledge of the Latin language. In 1772, at the age of nineteen, and still a slave, she published a little volume of religious and moral poetry, which contains thirty-nine pieces ;' and has run through several editions in England and the United States. She obtained her freedom in 1775, and died in 1780."

"James Derham, born in 1767, was formerly a slave in Philadelphia. In 1788, at the age of twenty-one, he became the most distinguished physician at New Orleans. I conversed with him on medicine," says Dr. Rush, and found him very learned. I thought I could give him information concerning the treatment of diseases, but I learned much from him."

"Christophe, the present king of Hayti, has risen from slavery to a throne, and has displayed great energy of character."

"Paul Cuffe was born on one of the Elizabeth Islands, near New Bedford, in the county of Bristol and State of Massachusetts, in 1759. His father was a native of Africa, and once a slave. His mother was one of the aborigines of America. By industry and enterprize, guided by an uncommon share of plain sense and practical wisdom,' he arose from poverty to opulence. He was largely concerned in navigation, and in many voyages, particularly to Russia, England, Africa, the West Indies, and the Southern States, commanded his own vessel. A man of sterling integrity and active benevolence, of modest and dignified manners. He was known

and the frown of Omnipotence upon the Cushites is turning into a smile. These things augur well. The tears, woes, and blood, of the enslaved and oppressed will not plead in vain. Their cause, so humane, so imperative, so glorious, may Christendom advocate by her whole influence, till Africa's children shall embrace the faith and imbibe the spirit of the gospel of Christ. Then will the Spirit make them free, and they shall be free indeed.

and honored by persons of the first respectability in England and the United States. Few, it has been said, could remain long in his presence, without forgetting their prejudice against color, and feeling their hearts expand with juster sentiments towards the most injured portion of the human family. For the last twenty years his mind was chiefly occupied with the interests of his African brethren. With a view to their improvement he made a voyage to Africa and England in 1811, in a vessel of his own, commanded by his nephew Thomas Wainer. In 1815 he carried out to Sierra Leone nine African families, consisting of thirty-eight persons at an expense to himself of more than three thousand dollars. He died September 7, 1817, leaving an estate valued at $20,000. He left three brothers in Massachusetts, all 'independent farmers,' and three sisters, who preside over their families with propriety and reputation."-Rev. Dr. Griffin's Plea for Africa.

Appendix I.

DISSERTATION X.

RELIGIOUS IMPROVEMENT OF SEAMEN.

"THEY that go down to the sea in ships, that do business in great waters; these see the works of the Lord, and his wonders in the deep. For he commandeth and raiseth the stormy wind, which lifteth up the waves thereof. They mount up to the heavens, they go down again to the depths; their soul is melted because of trouble. They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and are at their wit's end. Then they cry unto the Lord in their trouble, and he bringeth them out of their distresses. He maketh the storm a calm, so that the waves thereof are still. Then they are glad because they be quiet, so he bringeth them into their desired haven." Such are often the dangers, fearfulness, and deliverance of mariners, when tempest-tossed upon the ocean. The world of waters is frequently in dreadful agitation. Then it is that seamen are in tremendous peril; that they witness scenes most sublime and awful; and that they become dismayed, and their soul is melted because of trouble. In such scenes, which try men's souls, they need the support of religion. And if there is within them a heart to pray, they will cry unto the Lord in their distress, and

He whom the winds and the sea obey, will, with the voice of authority, command-" Peace, be still."

I. Seamen peculiarly need religion.

They need religion in common with other men, as thisalone sanctifies and saves the soul; as this alone will render them happy in the life that now is, and in that which is to come. But they peculiarly need religion,

1. Because of their great exposure to temptations.

This exposure arises from their condition of life, they being almost literally,

"Outcasts from God, and scatter'd wide
To every country under heaven."

By the very circumstances of their employment, they are banished from their kindred, friends, and the better part of community, and compelled to associate with those, who are the mere dregs of society, exposed to all kinds of vices and all kinds of temptations. They, therefore, peculiarly need religion to guard them from unhallowed allurements, to preserve them from the devices of Satan and evil men, and from the way to hell, going down to the chambers of death.

2. Seamen peculiarly need religion, because of their hardships and exposure to dangers.

At times, their labors are abundant, and their hardships are great. Their exposure to danger is most imminent. They are in deaths oft-in perils of waters, in perils of the sea, in weariness and painfulness, in watchings often. In seasons of tempests, "they mount up to the heavens, they go down again to the depths; their soul is melted because of trouble. They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and are at their wit's end." Under such trials, sailors need religion to sustain them. Nothing but this will support the fainting heart, calm the agitated

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