Life of dr. Jackson, prefixed to his works in 1653. he was collated to a prebend of Winchester, having been made king's chaplain fome time before, and, dr. Towers being advanced to the bishopric of Peterborough, dr. Jackson fucceeded him in the deanery, January 16, 1638; but he did not enjoy this dignity quite two years, being taken from it by his death, September 21, 1640. He was interred in the inner chapel of Corpus-Chrifti college. He was a man of a blameless life, ftudious, humble, courteous, and remarkably charitable (A), pious, exemplary in his private and public converfation; fo that he was refpected and beloved by the most confiderable perfons in the nation; and indeed the greateft efteem was no more than his due, on account of his learning, for he was well fkilled in all the learned languages, arts, fciences, phyfics; which he confidered as a neceffary handmaid to divinity, and indeed has mingled too much of it in his writings. He was profoundly read in the fathers, and endued with an uncommon depth of judgment, which however did not clear him from fome of the received errors of the times. His works are very numerous, printed at different times, but were all collected and published in 1672 and 1673, in three large volumes in folio, confifting chiefly of fermons, befides his Commentaries on the apoftes creed, which is his principal work. JACOB (BEN NAPHTALI) a famous rabbi in the fifth century, was one of the principal Maforets, and bred at the school of Tiberias in Palestine, with Ben Afer, another prin (A) As an inftance of his charitable difpofition, we are told, that while he was vicar of Newcastle, whenever he went out, he ufually gave what money he had about him to the poor, who at length fo flocked about him, that his fervant took care he fhould not have too much in his pocket. And the following incident fhews his remarkable difregard for money: At a certain time, dr. Henderfon, phyfician of that town, his neighbour and intimate friend, having made a purchase, fitting melancholy by him, and fetching a figh, dr. Jackson asked the reafon : he faid, he had a payment to make, and wanted money: dr. Jackfon told him, he would furnish him, and, calling his fervant, informed him of the phyfician's occafions, and asked him what money he had. The man ftepping back filent, his mafter bid him Ipeak out. The man faid, forty fhillings. The mafter ordered him to fetch it, for dr. Henderson fhould have it all. Upon this, the phyfician turned his fadnefs into laughter; and dr.Jackfon demanding the reason, he anfwered, that he had occafion for four or five hundred pounds. Dr. Jackfon replied, that he thought forty fhillings a great fum, and that he fhould have it, and more alfa, if he had it. cipal Maforet. The invention of the points in Hebrew, to ferve for vowels, and of the accents, to facilitate the reading of that language, is afcribed to thefe two rabbies. This is faid to be done in an affembly which the Jews held at Tiberias in Diction the year of Chrift 476. This is the opinion of Gerebrand and Portat. feveral other learned men, but it is not approved univerfally. JACOB (BEN HAJIM) a rabbi of the 16th century, who rendered himself famous by the collection of the Mafore which was printed at Venice in 1525 with the text of the Bible, the Chaldee paraphrafe, and the commentaries of fome rabbies upon scripture. This edition of the Hebrew Bible, and thofe which follow it with the great and fmall Mafore compiled by our rabbi, are much esteemed by the Jews, there being nothing before exact or accurate upon the Mafore, which is properly a critic upon the books of the Bible in order to fettle the true reading. In the preface prefixed to his great Mafore, our author fhews the usefulness of his work, and explains the keri and ketib, or the different readings of the Hebrew text; he puts the various readings in the margin, because there are juft doubts concerning the true reading; he obferves alfo, that the Talmudift Jews do not always agree with the authors of the Mafore. Befides the various readings collected by the Maforets, and put by our rabbi in the margin Simon's of his Bible, he collected others himself from the MS. copies, Crit. Diet. which must be carefully distinguished from the Masore. JACOBEUS (OLIGER) a celebrated profeffor of phyfic and philofophy at Copenhagen in Denmark, was born in July 1650-1, at Arhufen in the peninfula of Jutland, where his father was bishop (B), who took all poffible care of his fon's education, but dying in 1671, he was fent by his mother, the famous Jafper Bartholin's daughter, to the university of Copenhagen, where he took the usual degrees, and then travelled to the principal courts of Europe. In this tour he run through France, Italy, Germany, Hungary, England, and the Netherlands. His view was to improve himself in his profeffion, and he flipped no opportunity that offered. At Leghorn he applied himself to the diffection (B) His great grandfather, mr. Jacobæus, was alfo bishop of Fainen, and his grandfather firft phy fician to Christian IV. king of of various kinds of fifh, under the celebrated anatomift Steno ; the names of Redi, Malpighi, Charles Patin, Borelli, Brown, Sydenham, Boyle, Morifon, Drelincourt, Diemerbroek, Ray, Swammerdam, Spanheim, Crufius, Grevius, Du Verney, Du Hamel, Etmuller, with whom, befide others, he convérfed, and afterwards held a correspondence, are conspicuous evidences of his industry and ambition to excel, Upon his return home in 1679, he received letters from his prince, appointing him profeffor of phyfic and philofophy in the capital of his kingdom. He entered upon the discharge of this poft in 1680, and performed the functions of it with the higheft reputation; fo that, befides the honour conferred on him by the university, Chriftian V, king of Denmark, Committed to him the charge of augmenting and putting into order that celebrated cabinet of curiofities which his predeceffors had begun; and Frederic IV, in 1698, made him a counsellor in his court of juftice." Thus loaded with honours, as well as beloved and refpected by his compatriots, he paffed his days in tranquility, till an unforeseen stroke deprived him for ever of his happiness : this was the lofs of his wife, Anne Marguerete, daughter of Thomas Bartholin, who after 17 years of marriage died in Auguft 1698, leaving him father of fix boys. The lofs threw him into a melancholy which at laft proved fatal. In vain he fought for a remedy, by the advice of his friends, in a second marriage with Anne Tiftorph: this proved ineffectual, his melancholy increased, and, after languishing under it near Ladvocat. three years, he died at the age of fifty-one. Moreri We fhall infert a catalogue of his works below (C); only obferve here, that he had a great talent for poetry, and compofed feveral excellent poems upon various fubjects, some of which are in print. He has the character of a good husband, a good mafter, a good neighbour, and a good friend. (c) They are as follows: De Ranis differtatio,Romæ, 1676, 8vo. and again at Paris; Bartholomei Scale equitis Florentini hiftoriaFlorentinorum, &c. Romæ, 1677: the famousMagliabecchi furnished him with this manuscript from the Medicean library. Oratio in obitum Tho. Bartholini, 1681, 4to; Compendium inftitutionum medicarum, Hafniæ, 1684, 8vo; De Ranis & Lacertis differtatio, Hafniæ, 1686, *་ 8vo; Francifci Ariofti de oleo montis Zibinii feu putreolo agri Mutinenfis, &c. Hafnie, 1690; 8vo. Panegyricus Chriftiano Vto dictus, 1691, folio; Gaudia Arctoi orbis ob thalamos auguftos Friderici & Ludovica, 1691, in folio; Mufæum regium five catalogus rerum etc. quæ in bafilica bibliotheca Chriftiani V Hafnia affervantur, Hafniæ, 1696. JÆGER JÆGER (JOHN WOLFGANG) a learned Lutheran divine, was born at Stutgard, in March 1647, of a father who was counsellor of the dispatches to the duke of Wirtenberg. After he had finifhed his ftudies, he was entrusted with the education of duke Eberhard III, with whom he travelled into Italy in 1676, in quality of his preceptor and preacher. This charge being completed, he taught philofophy and divinity, and in 1698 was nominated a 'counsellor to the duke of Wirtenberg, fuperintendant general and abbot of the convent of Maulbrun. The following year, Jæger became confiftorial counsellor and preacher to the cathedral of Stutgard, and superintendant general and abbot of the monaftery of Adelberg. At laft he was promoted in 1702 to the places of first profeffor of divinity, chancellor of the univerfity, and provoft of the church of Tubingen. He died in April 1720 at 73 years of age. We have a great number of works of his, the chief of which are, 1. Ecclefiaftical hiftory compared with profane Diction. hiftory. 2. A fyftem or compendium of divinity. 3. Several Portat. pieces upon mystic divinity, in which he refutes Meflrs. Poiret, Fenelon, &c. 4. Obfervations upon Puffendorf and Grotius de jure belli et pacis. 5. A treatife of laws. 6. An examination of the life and doctrine of Spinofa. 7. A moral Theology, &c. All his works are in Latin. JAMBLICUS, the name of two celebrated Platonic philofophers, one of whom was a native of Chalcis, and the other of Apamea, in Syria; the firft, who is ridiculously equalled by Julian the Apoftate to Plato himself, was a difciple of Anatolius and Porphyry, after which he became a teacher, and had a great number of difciples, who flocked to him, not fo much for his eloquence as for his probity and the good cheer which he gave them. He began to grow famous in the time of Dioclefian, and died under the reign of Conftantine. The fecond Jamblicus was of Apatada, and flourished under Julian the Apoftate, who wrote feveral letters to him, and seems to be the fame that Symmachus wrote to, defiring to cultivate a friendship with him; he is faid to have been killed by poifon under the emperor Valens. It is not certain to which of these two we are to afcribe the works which we have in Greek under the name of Jamblicus, viz. 1. The hiftory of the life and fect of Pythagoras. 2. An exhortation to philofophy. 3. A piece, under the name of Abamon, against Porphyry's letter upon the Egyptian myfteries. B 4 There Moreri There is alfo cited, a collection of the dogmata of Pytha Ladvocat, goras by Jamblicus; and Julian the Apoftate quotes a piece of Jamblicus of Chalcis upon the fun, from which he borrows a great part of his treatise upon the same subject. JAMES (THOMAS) a learned English critic and divine, was born about the year 1571, at Newport in the Ifle of Wight, and being put to Winchester school, became a scholar upon the foundation, and thence, in his course, a fellow of New college in Oxford in 1593. He commenced A. M. in 1599, and the fame year, having collated several MSS. of the Philobiblion of Richard of Durham, he published it in 4to at Oxford, with an appendix of the Oxford MSS; he dedicated this piece to fir Thomas Bodley, apparently in the view of recommending himself to this librarian's place when he fhould have completed his defign. In the interim, mr. James proceeded in the fame fpirit to publifh a catalogue of all the MSS. in each college-library in both univerfities, and in the compiling of it having free access to the MSS. in each college at Oxford, he perufed them carefully, and, when he found any fociety careless of them, he borrowed and took away what he pleased, and put them into the public library. Thefe inftances of his taste and turn to books effectually procured him the defignation of the founder to be the firft keeper of the public library; in which office he was confirmed by the univerfity in 1602. He filled this post with great applaufe, and commencing D. D. in 1614,was promoted to the fubdeanery of Wells by the bishop of that fee. About the fame time, the archbishop of Canterbury alfo presented him to the rectory of Mongeham in Kent, together with other fpiritual preferments. These favours were undeniably strong evidences of his diftinguished merit, being conferred upon him without any application on his part. In 1620 he was made a juftice of the peace, and the fame year he refigned the library-keeper's place, and betook himself more intenfely to his ftudies, and of what kind these were, we learn from himfelf; "I have of late (fays he in a letter dated May 23, 1624, to a friend) given myself to the reading only of manufcripts, and in them I find fo many and fo pregnant teftimonies, either fully for our religion, or against the papists, that it is to be wondered at." And in another letter to archbishop Ufher, the fame year, he affures the primate he had reftored 300 citations and rescued them from corruptions, |