CHAP. the Maccabees, yet hereby he never intended to give them VI. that canonical authority, which the law and prophets had peculiarly reserved to them by God Himself. A. D. 360.d ad Illu minatos. LVIII. S. Cyril was bishop of Jerusalem at the same time when S. Athanasius was patriarch of Alexandria, and S. Hilary bishop of Poictiers. In the flower of his age he Catecheses was famous in the Church, being the author of those Catechetical Sermons, or Institutions, which are mentioned by S. Jerome, cited both by Theodoret and Damascens of old, and are now of late (though not without suspicion of some corrupted passages in them) set forth to the world. Among the bishops met together in the second general council at Constantinople, he was reckoned for one of the chief; which renders his testimony to be the more considerable with us. The catalogue', then, which he gave to his auditors of the b Id., in Psal. cxxv. [p. 546.-Judith xvi. is here cited, but not the Maccabees; unless the words "Testis Daniel, testis Eleazar," be accounted an allusion to 2 Macc. vi.] * Id., ibid. [Enarratio in Psalm. cxxv.-p. 546.] Discentes hæc omnia a Lege, et Prophetis, et Evangeliis, [et Apostolis.] a [Vid. Cave, tom. i. pp. 211, 212.] e S. Hieronymus de Scriptor. Eccles. [tom. ii. col. 927. Cyrillus, Jerosolymæ Episcopus, sæpe pulsus Ecclesia, et receptus, ad extremum sub Theodosio principe octo annis inconcussum episcopatum tenuit. Extant ejus κατηχήσεις, quas in adolescentia composuit.] Qui Dialogo ii. nonnulla affert ex Catechesi iv. [Theodoret., tom. iv. p. 106.— Κυρίλλου ἐπισκόπου Ἱεροσολύμων, ἐκ τοῦ κατηχητικοῦ τετάρτου λό γου, περὶ τῶν δέκα δογμάτων, περὶ τῆς ἐκ Παρθένου γενήσεως. Verba Tituli in princ. citationis.] Qui Orat. iii. de Imag. quædam citat ex Cat. xii. [Johan. Damasc., tom. i. p. 383. Κυρίλλου Πατριάρχου Ἱεροσολύμων, τῆς δωδεκάτης κατηχήσεως· εἰ τοίνυν ζητεῖς τῆς Χριστοῦ παρουσίας τὸ αἴτιον, ἀναδραμε ἐπὶ τὸ πρῶτ τον τῶν γραφῶν βιβλίον· κ. τ. λ.] Socrat. Hist. Eccl., lib. v. c. 8. [p. 264.-συνῆλθον οὖν, τῆς μὲν ὁμοουσίου πίστεως, ἐκ μὲν ̓Αλεξανδρείας Τιμόθεος ἐκ δὲ Ἱεροσολύμων Κύριλλος, τότε ἐκ μεταμελείας τῷ ὁμοουσίῳ προσκείμεvos.] .... iS. Cyril., Catech. iv. (the same that Theodoret cited) de Sacra Scriptura. [sect. 33, 35, 36. pp. 67, et seq.]— ταῦτα δὲ διδάσκουσιν ἡμᾶς αἱ θεόπνευσ τοι γραφαὶ τῆς παλαιᾶς τε καὶ καινῆς διαθήκης, &c. Ea vero docent nos a Deo inspiratæ V. ac N. Testamenti Scripturæ ; &c. καὶ φιλομαθῶς ἐπίγνωθι παρὰ τῆς ἐκκλησίας, ποῖαι μέν εἰσιν αἱ τῆς παλαιᾶς διαθήκης βίβλοι, K.T.A. Disce quoque studiose ab Ecclesia, quinam sint V. T. libri; neque mihi legas quicquid Apocryphorum.... Divinas lege Scripturas V. T. libros xxii., quos LXX duo interpretes transtulerunt..... Hos solos meditare, quos et in Ecclesia secure tutoque recitamus. Multo prudentiores te erant Apostoli, veteresque illi episcopi, ecclesiæ antistites, qui hos tradiderunt. Tu ergo, cum sis filius ecclesiæ, leges et instituta Patrum ne evertas, corrumpasve. Ac veteris quidem Instrumenti, sicut diximus, xxii. libros meditare, quos si discendi studio teneris, me nominatim enumerante, da operam ut memineris. Legis enim primi Mosis quinque libri sunt, Gen., Ex., Lev., Num., Deut. Deinde Jesus filius Nave: Judicum una cum Ruth liber septimus numero: reliquorum autem historicorum librorum, 1 et 2 Reg. unus liber est Hebræis, unus item 3 et 4. Similiterque apud eos Paralipomenon 1 et 2 unus est liber. Esdræ etiam 1 et 2 (id est, canonical books of Scripture, was the same at Jerusalem, that Origen and S. Athanasius gave to theirs at Alexandria, every way agreeing with other Churches abroad in the number and names of them all. Only the name of Baruch (which is not the controverted book of Baruch) is added here to Jeremy, because he is so often mentioned, and hath so great a part in that prophecy. But S. Cyril makes but one book of them both, joining the Lamentations and the Epistle of Jeremy with it besides : to complete (and not to exceed the number of twenty-two books in all. For, howsoever the ancient manner of dividing and ordering them was otherwhiles sometimes different from one another, yet the books themselves, and the number of them, were still the same. We have cited S. Cyril's testimony here at large in the margin; where, (that we may not mistake him,) when he Esther Nehemiæ,) unus reputatus. [§ 33. ταῦτα δὲ διδάσκουσιν ἡμᾶς αἱ θεόπνευστοι γραφαὶ τῆς παλαιᾶς τε καὶ καινῆς διαθήκης .... καὶ φι λομαθῶς ἐπίγνωθι, καὶ παρὰ τῆς ἐκκλησίας, ποῖαι μέν εἰσιν αἱ τῆς παλαιᾶς διαθήκης βίβλοι, ποῖαι δὲ τὴς καινῆς. καί μοι μηδὲν τῶν ἀποκρύφων ἀναγίνωσκε.. ἀναγίνωσκε τὰς θείας γραφὰς, τὰς εἴκοσι δύο βίβλους τῆς παλαιᾶς διαθήκης ταύτας, τὰς ὑπὸ τῶν ἑβδομήκοντα δύο ἑρμηνευτῶν ἑρμηνευθείσας. § 35. τούτων τὰς εἴκοσι δύο βιβλους ἀναγίνωσκε· πρὸς δὲ τὰ ἀπόκρυφα μηδὲν ἔχε κοινὸν. ταύτας μόνας μελέτα σπουδαίως, ἃς ἐν καὶ ἐκκλησίᾳ μετὰ παῤῥησίας ἀναγινώσκομεν. πολύ σου φρονιμώτεροι, καὶ εὐλαβέστεροι ἦσαν, οἱ ἀπόστολοι καὶ οἱ ἀρχαῖοι ἐπίσκοποι, οἱ τῆς ἐκκλησίας προστάται, οἱ ταύτας παραδόντες. σὺ οὖν, τέκνον τῆς Ἐκ- § 36. τῆς δὲ καινῆς διαθήκης, κ. τ. λ. TEST. CENT. IV. CHAP. forbiddeth the reading of any apocryphal book, we are not VI. to understand him so, as if he meant hereby the books of Tobit and Judith, and the rest of that class which we now call apocryphal, (though we might more aptly call them. ecclesiastical;) for he read them, and quoted some of them himself, being such books that had been of ancient time received in the Church', to be read unto the people at their first entrance and introduction to a Christian life. By S. Cyril's apocryphal books, therefore, we are to understand some other disapproved and obscure writings, that (over and besides both the canonical and ecclesiastical books) certain private persons then went about to bring in, and recommend to the Church at Jerusalem, as they had likewise endeavoured to do in the Church at Alexandria, and other places abroad. And, whereas he specially exhorteth them here "to read the twenty-two books of the Old Testament which the Septuagint translated "," we are further from hence to observe, that, although both he at Jerusalem, and S. Athanasius at Alexandria, together with other Churches, had not the use of the Hebrew Bible among them, but kept themselves only to the Greek Translation of the LXX, (whereunto were afterwards commonly added those ecclesiastical books, which the Hellenist Jews first introduced and received into their Churches, that so all the most eminent books of religion written in the Greek tongue before Christ's time might be put together and contained in one k Catech. 6. et Catech. 9. S. Athanas. Ep. paulo ante laudata. m Et nihil ex Apocryphis legas.-S. Cyril. loco citato. [kal μoi undev TŵV ἀποκρύφων ἀναγίνωσκε· πρὸς δὲ τὰ ἀπόκρυφα μηδὲν ἔχε κοινὸν.] n Divinas lege Scripturas, nempe V. T. libros xxii., quos LXX duo in terpretes transtulerunt. Id., ibid. [àvaγίνωσκε τὰς θείας γραφὰς, τὰς εἴκοσι δύο βίβλους τῆς παλαιᾶς διαθήκης ταύτας, τὰς ὑπὸ τῶν ἑβδομήκοντα δύο έρμηνευτῶν ἑρμηνευθείσας.] Neque enim a LXX senibus versa sunt (supplementa ;) . . . . sicut nec in Hebræo (codice) habentur. Lud. Viv. in Aug. de Civ. Dei, lib. xviii. c. 31. [Vid. S. Aug. Op., Froben. Basil. 1569. tom. v. col. 1084. For the passage in full, see num. clxx.] Supplementum [libri Danielis, quod] in Hebræo non habetur, sed ex Græca Theodotionis editione ab Hieronymo transcriptum est, [quatuor continet, nempe Orationem Azariæ, Hymnum trium puerorum, Susannæ historiam, .....et Belis narrationem; &c.] S. Sen., lib. i. Bibl. sect. 2. [tom. i. p. 37.] volume,) yet nevertheless they were always careful to preserve the honour of the Hebrew canon, which consisted of twenty-two books only, divinely inspired, and accurately to distinguish them from the rest, which had but ecclesiastical authority-a distinction, which our and other reformed Churches are still careful to keep up at this day. LIX. S. Athanasius and S. Cyril were herein followed by TEST. CENT. IV. all the bishops assembled together in the Council of Lao- A. D. 364.9 dicea, out of several provinces in Asia: which was a council had in such reverence and estimation by all men in those elder ages following, that the canons of it were generally received into the Code of the Universal Church;' where the year 364 is specified, when it was held. Baronius, in his Annals', placeth it before the general council of Nice, (but bringeth very weak arguments to prove his chronology ;) Ita Origenes, in Ep. ad Jul. Afric., supplementum Dan. apud LXX interpretes haberi, et in Ecclesiis legi ait; sed canonicum esse nuspiam asserit, imo diserte negat in locis supra citatis. [Vid. Orig., Op., tom. i. p. 13.-tool τοίνυν πρὸς ταῦτα, τί χρὴ ἡμᾶς πράττειν, οὐ περὶ τῶν κατὰ Σωσάνναν μόνον, ἐν μὲν τῷ καθ ̓ Ελληνας ἑλληνικῷ φερομένων ἐν πάσῃ ἐκκλησίᾳ Χριστοῦ, παρὰ δὲ Ἑβραίοις μὴ κειμένων· οὐδὲ περὶ τῶν, ὡς ἔφασκες, ἄλλων δύο περικοπῶν τῶν ἐπὶ τέλει τοῦ βιβλίου, περί τε τῶν κατὰ τὸν Βὴλ καὶ τὸν δράκοντα ἀναγεγραμμένων, οὐδ ̓ αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ Δανιὴλ τῶν Εβραίων γεγραμμένων ἀλλὰ δὲ περὶ ἄλλων μυρίων, ἃ κατὰ τὴν μετριότητα ἡμῶν τοῖς Ἑβραϊκοῖς συγ κρίναντες ἀντιγράφοις τὰ ἡμέτερα, πολλακοῦ εὕρομεν. . . . . τὰ δὲ παρ' ἡμῖν ἀντίγραφα, ὧν καὶ τὰς λέξεις ἐξεθέμην· τὸ μὲν ἦν κατὰ τοὺς Ο'· τὸ δὲ ἕτερον κατὰ Θεοδοτίωνα· καὶ ὥσπερ παρ ̓ ἀμφοτέροις ἔκειτο τὸ περὶ τὴν Σωσάνναν, ὡς σὺ φῂς, πλάσμα, καὶ αἱ τελευταῖαι ἐν τῷ Δανιὴλ περικοπαὶ· οὕτω καὶ ταῦτα ἐν ἔπεσιν, ὡς στοχασμῷ εἰπεῖν, τυγχάνοντα διακοσίοις, καὶ πρός.] [Concilii Laodiceni canones lix. An. Chr. 364. Justelli Biblioth. Jur. Can. Vet., tom. i. p. 49.-Certum hujus Concilii tempus statui nequit. Non infelici conjectura usus, Beveregius noster suspicatur illud proxime post Illyricianum habitum fuisse, non quidem, quod ille voluit, anno 365, sed (ut supra notavimus) anno 367.-Cave, tom. i. p. 362.] Titulus apud Dionys. Exiguum. [Vid. Concil., Labbe, tom. i. col. 5009. -Sancta synodus, quæ apud Laodiceam Phrygiæ Pacatianæ convenit ex diversis regionibus (provinciis,' Isid, et Hervet.) Asiæ, definitiones exposuit, &c.] $ Codex Canonum Ecclesiæ Universæ, a [Concilio Chalcedonensi, et] Justiniano Imperatore confirmatus. [Vide Justell., tom. i. p. 29.] Infra, num. xc. t Baron. Annal. in Append., ad tomum iv. [p. 915. § 7.-Sunt plura tamen, quæ ante Nicænum concilium persuadeant idem Laodicenum celebratum esse: sed unum illud in primis, quod, cum constet auctoritate S. Hieronymi receptum in Nicæno concilio librum Judith, (cum in serie canonicorum librorum, a Patribus Laodicea congregatis, idem liber ab authenticis sit explosus, una cum nonnullis aliis,) evidens plane atque perspicuum redditur, dictam Laodicensem synodum celebratam fuisse ante Nicenam. Nam quomodo ausi fuissent Catholicæ Ecclesiæ episcopi convellere quæ in magno illo ecumenico concilio de canonicis libris fuissent magna consideratione decreta? Præterea,] cum reperiantur quinque canones Laodicensis concilii eadem [omnino] continere quæ in concilio Nicæno statuta sunt, nec in eis ulla prorsus mentio habeatur canonum Nicænorum eadem statuentium, argumentum est, ante Nicænum concilium ea a Patribus synodi Laodicenæ decreta fuisse; &c. VI. CHAP. and Binius" here followeth Baronius, (whom for the most part he transcribes in all his notes upon the councils;) fearing lest the book of Judith should otherwise suffer some prejudice, unless the greater authority of the Nicene council be reckoned to come after this Laodicean synod, and reverse the constitution that was here made concerning the apocryphal books of Scripture. For so they presume that the council of Nice did; but upon what slender grounds they Num. liv. presumed it, we have at large set forth before: and here we place this synod of Laodicea in that time and order which the code hath assigned to it :-in the last canon whereof, (which in that Universal Code is numbered to be the hundred and sixty-third,) this decree was made,-that "no books which had been composed only by private persons should be read in the church', nor any other that were not canonical, but only those which belonged to the canon of the Old and New Testament;" that is to say,—of the Old, Genesis, Exodus, &c., till we come to the prophet Daniel, which is there made the twenty-second book,—and of the New, Matthew, Mark, u Concil., tom. i. [vid. not. sequent. ad lit. x.] Concil. Laodic. Can, lix. In Notis ad Conc. Laodic., sect. Sub Silvestro. [tom. i. p. 248.---Medio tempore inter Neocæsariensem et Nicenam synodum universalem, quando Silvester pontificatum Ecclesiæ Catholicæ administraret, sub præsidio Nunechii Metropolitani hoc concilium celebratum fuisse, hæ rationes persuadere videntur:] . . . . Liber Judith auctoritate hujus provincialis concilii (Laodiceni) inter apocryphos rejicitur, quem (S. Hier. teste) patres concilii Nicæni velut sacrosanctum in canonem Scripturæ receperunt. Oportet igitur concedere hoc Laodicense [concilium] ante Nicænum celebratum fuisse, vel saltem (quod dictu inconvenientius est) Catholicæ Ecclesiæ episcopos ea quæ de canonicis libris in magno ecumenico concilio magna consideratione decreta erant, (at magna erat hic Bar. et Bin. inconsiderantia,) convellere et retractare ausos fuisse. γ ̔́Οτι οὐ δεῖ ἰδιωτικοὺς Ψαλμοὺς λέγεσθαι ἐν τῇ Ἐκκλησίᾳ, ἢ βιβλία οὐ κανόνιστα, [οὐκ ἀκανόνιστα βιβλία,] ἀλλὰ μόνα τὰ κανονικὰ [τῆς παλαιᾶς καὶ καινῆς διαθήκης. ] Οσα δεῖ βιβλία, κ. τ. λ. Quod non oportet privatos psalmos in Ecclesia legere, aut libros non canonicos, sed solos canoni cos Veteris et Novi T.-Hæc autem sunt, quæ legi oportet V. T. scripta: 1. Genesis, 2. Exod., 3. Levit., 4. Numeri, 5. Deut., 6. Joshua, 7. Judices et Ruth, 8. Esther, 9. Reg. i. et ii., 10. Reg. iii. et iv., 11. Paralip. i. et ii., 12. Esdr. i. et ii. (id est, Nehem.), 13. Liber Psalmorum, 14. Proverbia Salomonis, 15. Ecclesiastes, 16. Cant. Cantic., 17. Job, 18. Duodecim Prophetæ, 19. Isaias, 20. Jeremias, (cum Baruch, Lamentat. et Epistola, quæ in Latina versione, [sc. Merlini, Petri Crab, et Isidori; at non Surii, Herveti, et Justelli,] omittuntur :) 21. Ezech., 22. Daniel. Novi autem T. hæc Evangelia quatuor, &c. [öoa deî βιβλία ἀναγινώσκεσθαι τῆς παλαιᾶς διαθήκης· α'. γένεσις κόσμου· β'. ἔξοδος ἐξ Αἰγύπτου γ'. λευιτικὸν δ'. ἀριθμοὶ· ε. δευτερονόμιον· στ ́. Ἰησοῦ Ναυὴ ζ', κριταὶ, 'Ρούθ' η'. Ἐσθήρ' θ'. βασιλειῶν α'. καὶ β'. ι. βασιλειῶν γ'. καὶ δ'. ια ́. παραλειπόμενα α'. καὶ β'. ιβ'. Εσδρας α . καὶ β'. ιγ'. βίβλος Ψάλμων ρν'. ιδ'. παροιμίαι Σολομῶντος· ιέ. ἐκκλησιαστής ιστ'. ᾆσμα ασμάτων· ιζ'. Ἰὼβ ιη'. δώδεκα προφῆται· ιθ'. Ἡσαΐας· κ'. Ἱε ρεμίας, καὶ Βαρούχ, θρῆνοι, καὶ ἐπιστο λαὶ κα'. Ἰεζεκιήλ κβ'. Δανιήλ. τὰ δὲ τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης ταῦτα· κ. τ. λ. Apud Justelli Biblioth., tom. i. pp. 54, 55.] |