in Phrygia Salutaris: the one whereof in Pliny's" days (before this new distinction of the parts of the greater Phrygia was brought in) belonged to the Laodicean, the other to the Pergamen jurisdiction. Secondly, that before this Abercius, who was present at the council of Chalcedon, there were two other bishops of the same name, who succeeded one another in the same see, about the time of the emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, whose episcopal seat is by Symeon Metaphrastes placed in that little Phrygia, whereof Synnada was the metropolis: whereas the other Greeks more consonantly to the truth do relate, that Abercius was bishop of Hierapolis in Phrygia Salutaris.

For the greater Phrygia (whereof this Salutaris was a part) both by the forenamed geographers, and by Diodorus Siculus and Livy', is opposed to that which lay upon the Hellespont: and had in it the cities of Ilium (called by Herodotuss, the Pergamus of Priamus, upon the river Scamander) and of Troas; which is often mentioned in the New Testament, and by others named Antigonia", Alexandria, and the Alexandrian Troas": from whence the whole country retained the name of Troas; as well as the other appellations of Epictetus*, the Hellespontian and the lesser Phrygia, beginning north

n Plin. histor. natural. lib. 5. cap. 29. et 30.

o

· ̓Αβέρκιος ὁ τῆς ἐν τῇ μικρᾷ Φρυγίᾳ Ιεραπολιτῶν ἐπίσκοπος. et post. Εἰς Σύναδα τῆς μικρᾶς Φρυγίας μητρόπολιν ἥκει. Metaphrast. in actis Abercii, Octob. 22. MS. in bibliothec. colleg. Corp. Christi, Oxon.

• Οὗτος ἐγένετο ἐπίσκοπος Ιεραπόλεως Φρυγίας Σαλουταρίας, ἐπὶ τῆς βασιλείας Μάρκου ̓Αντωνίνου. Menæum Græc. MS. Octob. 22.

4 Μεγάλη Φρυγία, καὶ ἡ ἐφ ̓ ̔Ελλησπόντῳ κειμένη. Diodor. Sic. lib. 18. In Asia Phrygiam utramque, alteram ad Hellespontum, majorem alteram vocant. Liv. lib. 38.

Herodot. lib. 7. pag. 530.

t Acts, chap. 16. ver. 8. 11. and chap. 20. ver. 5, 6. 2 Cor. chap. 2. ver. 12. 2 Tim. chap. 4. ver. 13.

u Troas, Antigonia dicta, nunc Alexandria, colonia Rom. Plin. lib. 5. cap. 30. w 'Aλežávôpeia Tpwác. Strabo, lib. 13. pag. 872. Ptolem. lib. 5. cap. 2. Galen. de simplic. medicam. facult. lib. 9.

* Strabo, lib. 2. pag. 191. et lib. 12. pag. 842. 856.

ward, according to Homer, from the river Æsepus, or according to Damastes from the city Parium, not far from thence; and, according to both, extending itself from thence, along the water side, southward unto the promontory Lectum.

Betwixt this lesser and the greater Phrygia was Mysia interposed: the borders of each other being so confusedly intermingled together, that it was a very difficult matter to distinguish them. And as the lesser Phrygia was called the Hellespontian, and a difference thereby put betwixt it and the greater: so this Mysia likewise, being in the country (although further removed from the fretum or strait) of Hellespont, had the like name of the Hellespontian Mysia given unto it, thereby to discrimate it from the Istrian Mysiab or Moesia: the Hellespontian Mysia and Phrygia jointly making up that entire province, which in the division of the empire made by Constantine (because it was settled under the government of a consular president) had the name of the consulard Hellespont bestowed upon it.

Thus Galen, having occasion to prescribe the use of Mysian wine, declareth that he meant thereby, "note that which was from the Mysia about the river Ister, but from that which is named the Hellespontian; which," saith he, "is about our Asia, and conterminous unto Pergamus." For that the greater Mysia reached southward unto the Pergamen territory, and the plain of Caicus,

y Vid. Strabon. lib. 13. pag. 873. 877. z Ibid. pag. 873.

a Id. lib. 12. pag. 857.

b De qua Macer I. C. est capiendus, in D. de offic. adsessor lib. 3. et Ulpianus in D. de captiv. et postlimin. et redempt. lib. 9. Vid. et Strabonem, lib. 12. pag. 857. ex Artemidoro.

c Notitia utriusque imperii.

d L. Offic. Hellesponti. C. de offic. com. sacr. patrimon. vel potius, proconsulis et legati.

· Οὐκ ἐκ τῆς πέρι Ιστρον Μυσίας, ἀλλ ̓ ἐκ τῆς ̔Ελλησποντίας ὀνομαζομένης ἥτις ἐστὶ κατὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν ̓Ασίαν, ὁμοροῦσα Περγάμῳ. Galen. de sanitat. tuend. lib. 5.

is by Herodotus' and Strabo in like sort testified: as it reached from thence northward unto the mountain Olympus; which from the Mysians was called Mosiush or Mysius, and the Mysians from it again received the sirname of Olympeni; that which Ptolemyk calleth the lesser Mysia (the chief city whereof was Cyzicus) reaching from that mountain westward unto the river Æsepus, and there joining with the northern part of Epictetus or the lesser Phrygia.

Caria was parted from Lydia by the winding currents of Mæander: from the receiving of the river Lycus into it, unto the emptying of itself into the Myrtoan sea. For howsoever Ptolemy taketh all that lieth betwixt this and the river Cayster from Lydia, and addeth it unto Caria: yet Strabo maketh Mæander to be the limit betwixt those provinces; and as well by Scylax Caryandensis in his Periplus, as by Plinym, Maximus Tyrius", and Stephanus Byzantinus", it is reckoned among the rivers of Lydia.

* Εκ Καΐκου πεδίου τῶν Μυσών. Herodot. lib. 6. sec. 28. pag. 450. Εποιέετο δὲ τὴν ὁδὸν ἐκ τῆς Λυδίης ὁ στρατὸς ἐπί τε πόταμον Καίκον καὶ τὴν γῆν Μυσίην. Id. lib. 7. sec. 42. pag. 530.

5 ̔Η Μυσία κατὰ τὴν μεσόγαιαν ἀπὸ τῆς Ολυμπηνῆς ἐπὶ τὴν Περγαμενὴν καθήκει, καὶ τὸ Καΐκου λεγόμενον πεδίον. Strabo, lib. 12. pag. 863. Μυσία ἡ περὶ τὸν Καΐκον καὶ τὴν Περγαμενὴ, μέχρι Τευθρανίας καὶ τῶν ἐκβολῶν τοῦ ποταμοῦ. Id. ibid. pag. 857. Η Περγαμενὴ καὶ ἡ ̓Ελαίτις καθ' ἣν ὁ Καΐκος ἐκπίπτει, καὶ ἡ μεταξὺ τούτων Τευθρανία, ἀναμέσον ἐστὶ τοῦ τε ̔Ελλησπόντου, καὶ τῆς περὶ Σίπυλον, &c. Ibid. Et adde ex Pausania in Atticis pag. 11. et 26. ipsam urbem Pergamenam dictam fuisse olim Teuthraniam. Η Mons Olympus, Masius (al. Mysius) dictus ; civitas Olympena. Plin. lib. 5. cap. 32.

Απ' Ουλύμπου οὔρεος καλέονται Ολυμπηνοί. Herodot. lib. 7. sec. 74. pag. 542. vid. Strabon. lib. 12. pag. 356. 860. 864.

* Μυσίας μικρᾶς τῆς ἐφ ̓ ̔Ελλησπόντῳ. Ptolem. lib. 5. cap. 2.

· Διορίζει τὴν Καρίαν καὶ τὴν Λυδίαν, κατὰ τὸ Μαίανδρου καλούμενον πεδίον, σκολιὸς ὢν εἰς ὑπερβολὴν (ὥς τε ἐξ ἐκείνου τὰς σκολιότητας ἀπάσας μαιάνδρους καλεῖσθαι) τελευτῶν δὲ κατὰ Καρίαν, αὐτὴν διαιρεῖ [καὶ] τὴν ὑπὸ τῶν Ιώνων νῦν κατεχομένην. Strab. lib. 12. pag. 866.

m

Lydia perfusa flexuosi amnis Mæanari recursibus, super Ioniam procedit. Plin. lib. 5. cap. 29.

η Επὶ Λυδίας ῥεῖ ὁ Μαίανδρος. Maxim. Τyr. dissert. 38.

Ο

Τράλλις, πόλις Λυδίας πρὸς τῷ Μαιάνδρῳ ποταμῷ. Stephan. de

Urbib.

Lydia contained, beside the inland region, commonly known by that name, the adjoining country also, as well of Ionia, lying on the sea side betwixt the mouths of the river Hermus and Mæander, as of Eolis, reaching up from Hermus, either unto the river Caicus as Ptolemy, or, as Strabo would have it, unto the very promontory of Lectum, the ancient bound betwixt Troas and the sea coast of the greater Mysia. For that Mysia reached unto the mouth of Caicus, is acknowledged not only by Ptolemy", but also by Straboa himself: and yet, because that in his time it was possessed by the Æolians, he declareth withal, that Æolis', then properly so called, did extend from Hermus unto Lectum, and that "when one turneth about from Lectum, the renowned cities of the Æolians, and the Adramyttian bay, do receive him."

So doth Pliny likewise affirm, that "the promontory Lectum did disterminate Æolis and Troas:" although elsewhere, following other authors, he placeth Assos (the first city that occurreth after the doubling of the cape of Lectum, and whereof there is mention made Acts, chap. 20. ver. 13, 14.) in Troas", as Ptolemy doth. But Strabo", and Hellanicus before him, maketh it a city of Æolis: as Stephanus Byzantinus after them, where he saith, "it is a city of Æolis about the Hellespont:" from which the

P Ptolem. lib. 5. cap. 2. cujus Græcus tamen textus, in maritimæ hujus oræ descriptione manifesto librarii errore, Þpvyías pɛyáλns nomen habet, pro Muσίας μεγάλης.

Strabo, lib. 12. pag. 857.

* Αἰολίδα νῦν ἰδίως λεγομένην, τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ερμου μέχρι Λέκτου. Id. lib. 13. pag. 877.

S

Κάμψαντι τὸ Λέκτον, ἐλλογιμώταται πόλεις τῶν Αἰολέων, καὶ ὁ ̓Αδραμυττηνὸς κόλπος ἐκδέχεται. Id. ibid. pag. 902.

t Promontorium Lecton disterminans Æolida et Troada. Plin. lib. 5. cap. 30.

u Id. lib. 2. cap. 96. et lib. 36. cap. 17.

'E "Aσσou τns Aioλidos. Strab. lib. 15. pag. 1068.

* ̔Ελλάνικος Αἰολίδα φησὶν. Id. lib. 13. pag. 909.

• Πόλις Αἰολίδος κατὰ τὸν Ἑλλησπόντον. ̓Αλέξανδρος δὲ ὁ Κορνή λιος (ἐν τῷ περὶ τῶν παρ' ̓Αλκμάνι τοπικῶς ἱστορουμένων) Μιτυληναίων ἄποικον ἐν τῇ Μυσία φησὶν ̓́Ασσον, ὅπου ὁ Σαρκόφαγος γίγνεται λίθος. Stephan. in "Ασσος.

authority of Alexander Cornelius (subjoined hereunto by him) saying that "Assos in Mysia was a colony of the Mitylenæans (in the island of Lesbus, which lay next opposite unto this Mysia) swerveth little or nothing at all: Mysia, after it came unto the possession of the Æolians, having gotten the name of Æolis; as by Mela2 and Plinya is fully testified. The not observing whereof caused Stephanus to make the Assos of Æolis a different city from the Assos of Mysia near unto Antandrus: for so do I read the place in him; ̓́Ασσος Μυσίας, πλησίον Αντάνδρου. and not, as the vulgar books have it, ̓́Ασσος Λυκίας, πλησίον 'Ατάρνης.

The principal sea towns of this part of Mysia or Æolis from Lectum to Caicus, over against Lesbus, are by Strabo reckoned in this order: Assos, Adramyttium, Atarnus and Pitane. That Adramyttium (mentioned in Acts, chap. 27. ver. 2.) was "a city of that Mysia which is by Caicus," and "Atarna a city betwixt Mysia and Lydia, near unto Lesbus ;" and "Pitanee a city of Æolis," is affirmed by Stephanus. So as, reckoning Atarna itself (as Herodotust doth) among the cities of Mysia, the rest of Æolis downward will fall within the limits of Lydia; wherein we find, that as well Phocæa, which is within Æolis, as Ephesus, Colophon, Lebedus, Teos and Clazomenæ, the most known cities of Ionia, are expressly placed by Herodotus. Neither is there any reason to be given, why Cicero in his

2 Ex quo ab Æoliis incoli cœpit, Eolis facta. Pompon. Mela, lib. 1. cap. 18.

a Æolis proxima est, quondam Mysia appellata, Plin. lib. 5. cap. 30.

ὁ ̓Απὸ Λεκτοῦ μέχρι Καΐκου ποταμοῦ καὶ τῶν Κανῶν λεγομένων, ἔστι τὰ περὶ "Ασσον, καὶ ̓Αδραμύττιον, καὶ ̓Αταρνέα, καὶ Πιτάνην, καὶ τὸν ̓Ελαιτικὸν κόλπον, οἷς πᾶσιν ἀντιπαρήκει ἡ τῶν Λεσβίων νῆσος. Strabo, lib. 13. pag. 872.

C

Αδραμύττειον, πόλις τῆς κατὰ Καΐκον Μυσίας. Stephan.

« ̓Αταρνὰ, πόλις μεταξὺ Μυσίας καὶ Λυδίας, πλησίον Λέσβου. Id.

* Τοὺ δὲ ̓Αταρνέως ἔστι χῶρος τῆς Μυσίης, Λέσβου ἀντίος. Herodot.

lib. 1. sect. 160. pag. 77.

* Αἵδε ἐν τῇ Λυδίη ̓́Εφεσος, Κολοφών, Λέβεδος, Τέως, Κλαζομεναί, Φώκαια. Id, ibid. sect. 142. pag. 70.