The Shilling House of Commons for 1866. London: Dod's Parliamentary Companion for 1866. London: Whitaker & Co. The Workings of the Holy Spirit in the Church of England. A Letter to Rev. E. B. Pusey, D.D. By Henry Edward Manning, D.D. London: Longmans. The Temporal Mission of the Holy Ghost; or, Reason and Revelation. By Henry Edward, Archbishop of Westminster. The Church of England a Portion of Christ's One Holy F. Perrone's Prelectiones Theologica - Mr. Butt on National Education - Mr. Badeley on the Seal of Con- fession- Mr. Oxenham on Dishonest Criticism-The "Union Review "-Mr. Barrow's Valley of Tears-Life of S. Teresa -The Month--Mr. Dyer's History of Rome-Mr. Rawlin- CONTENTS.-No. XII. II. CATHOLICISM RESTORED IN GENEVA Histoire de M. Vuarin et du Rétallissement du Catholicisme De la Richesse dans les Sociétés Chrétiennes. Par Charles Perin, Professeur de Droit Public et d'Economie Politique à l'Université de Louvain. 2 vols. 8vo. J. Lecoffre et Guil- laumin. Paris: 1861. IV. THE CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS OF ALEXANDRIA.-ORIGEN Origenis Opera Omnia, Ed. De la Rue, accurante J. P. Migne. Parisiis. S. Gregorii Thaumaturgi Oratio Panegyrica in Origenem V. DR. PUSEY'S PROJECT OF UNION The Reunion of Christendom. A Pastoral Letter to the Clergy. By Henry Edward, Archbishop of Westminster. An Eirenicon. By E. B. Pusey, D.D. Oxford: Parker. The Leading Topics of Dr. Pusey's recent Work, Reviewed in a Letter addressed (by permission) to the Most Rev. H. E. Manning, D.D. By the Very Rev. Frederick Oakeley, M.A. Letter to the Weekly Register of Nov. 25, 1865, signed Rome et la Judée au Temps de la Chute de Néron (ans 66- 72 après Jésus Christ). Par le Comte F. de Champagny. The History of the Council of Florence. Translated from the Russian by Basil Popoff. Edited by the Rev. J. M. Neale, D.D. The Bishop of Birmingham on the Management of Prisoners -Dr. Newman's Letters to Dr. Pusey-F. Gallwey's Sermon, "The Lady Chapel "—Mr. Allies on Dr. Pusey and the Ancient Church-" Anglo-Romanism Unveiled "-The Union Review- Dr. Melia on Auricular Confession-F. Faber's Notes on THE DUBLIN REVIEW. JANUARY, 1866. ART. I.-CALIFORNIA AND THE CHURCH. 1. The Resources of California. By JOHN S. HITTEL. San Francisco. 2. Christian Missions. By T. W. M. MARSHALL. Longmans. HE year 1769 will long be memorable in the annals of the world, as the date of the birth of the Emperor Napoleon and of the Duke of Wellington. In the same year another event took place of small significance according to the thoughts of this world, but which in the next world was assuredly regarded of infinitely greater importance; for this was the year in which a poor despised Franciscan friar, the Father Junipero Serra, entered into California Alta, the first apostle of a land, which has since, for such different reasons, become so famous. He was an Italian by birth, but had resided for many years in Mexico, where he had preached the Gospel with great success among the heathen Indian population. A man of singular faith and piety, he lived the severest life, considering with his Father S. Francis, that poverty and suffering are keys wherewith the zealous missioner is certain to be able to unlock the floodgates of grace, which divide Heaven from earth. He used to carry a stone with him, with which, like S. Jerome, he would beat his breast for his sins, and he endeavoured to bring home to the mind of his uncivilized hearers the malice of sin, by scourging his innocent body till streams of blood flowed forth in their presence, by severe fasts, long prayers, and night watchings. He seldom rode on mule or horseback, but preferred to journey humbly on foot. Shortly after his arrival in Mexico, his leg was attacked with a grievous sore; still he gave himself no rest, but was constant in journeying and preaching. While he was labouring like an apostle among the Mexicans, the Spanish monarch ordered D. Jose de Galvez (who became later Minister-General for all the Indies) to form an expedition from La Paz into Upper CaliVOL. VI.-NO. XI. [New Series.] B fornia. Whatever may be said of the rapacious cruelty of many of the Spanish governors and colonizers in America, the Government at home was animated, on the whole, with the most Catholic and loyal intentions. Its instructions and public documents were conceived in the most Christian sense; and if they were not always carried out in the same spirit, this arose from its inability to control subjects at an immense distance from the seat of Government, and surrounded by exciting temptations and pressing dangers. The following words were addressed by one of the Spanish monarchs to the Indies:-"The kings our progenitors, from the discovery of the West Indies, its islands and continents, commanded our captains, officers, discoverers, colonizers, and all other persons, that on arriving at these provinces, they should by means of interpreters cause to be made known to the Indians, that they were sent to teach them good customs, to lead them from vicious habits, and from the eating of human flesh, to instruct them in our Holy Catholic faith, to preach to them salvation, and to attract them to our dominion." The same Catholic and religious spirit animates every part of the great codex of Indian laws, which were promulgated by successive kings in that most Catholic country. Though it often did happen that local governors were not ministers of this Catholic spirit, but rather of their own rapacity and cruelty, this was not always the case, and we have before us an instance. When Galvez set forth on his expedition to conquer California, the first article of the instructions which he drew up, for the guidance of all who were with him, ran in these terms:-" The first object of the expedition is to establish the Catholic religion among a numerous heathen people, submerged in the obscure darkness of paganism, and to extend the dominion of our Lord the King, and to protect this peninsula from the ambitious views of foreign nations." Nor were these mere words, written to salve a conscience or blind a critical public, as we shall now see: for he took Father Junipero, who was zealous for the salvation of souls, into his counsels; and the priest and the layman worked jointly together. Two small vessels, the San Carlos and San Antonio, were freighted to go by sea. Señor Galvez details with a charming simplicity how he assisted Father Junipero to pack the sacred vestments and other church furniture, and declared that he was a better sacristan * As far back as 1697, the Jesuits had, with apostolic zeal, founded many missions in Lower California; they never, however, had pushed up into California Alta. |