Causal Analysis with Panel DataSAGE Publications, 17 Oca 1995 - 104 sayfa Panel data — information gathered from the same individuals or units at several different points in time — are commonly used in the social sciences to test theories of individual and social change. This book highlights the developments in this technique in a range of disciplines and analytic traditions. |
İçindekiler
Models of Reciprocal Causation | 22 |
Measurement Error Models | 45 |
Spurious Association and Autocorrelated | 70 |
Telif Hakkı | |
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assumed assumptions autocorrelated disturbances autocorrelation B₁ B₂ candidate ratings causal inference causal system common factor model correlated errors cross-lagged effects cross-lagged model cross-sectional degrees of freedom direct causal effects disturbance terms effects between variables endogenous variables error term error variances exogenous free parameters group memberships GROUPS₂ identification and candidate included independent variables influence instrumental variable latent variable legal protest potential LISREL matrix measurement error measurement models negative observed indicators observed variables OLS estimation omitted variables overidentified panel analysis panel data panel models panel studies panel waves parameter estimates party identification previous chapter procedures regression reliability represent single-indicator specification spurious association stability standardized coefficients static-score model statistically significant structural disturbances structural effects substantive synchronous effects model theoretical three-wave model true-score two-wave model U₁ uncorrelated unmeasured variables variances and covariances waves of data waves of observation X₁ Y₁ Y₁₁ Y₂ zero