1784. The Alien duties abolished by Pitt (24 Geo. III, sess. 2, c. 16). 1791. Roman Catholic Relief Act (31 Geo. III, c. 32).

1793. Lord Grenville's Aliens Act (33 Geo. IV, c. 4) temporary but periodically renewed till 1826.

1794. Act for the better observance of the Lord's Day by persons exercising the trade of bakers (34 Geo. III, c. 61). Provisions of this Act with some modifications embodied in the Bread Acts (3 Geo. IV, c. 6, s. 16; and 6 and 7 Will. IV, c. 37, s. 14). 1811. Held in Lindo v. Unsworth that a Jew is excused from giving notice of dishonour of a bill of exchange on the Day of Atonement.

1812. Charities" for the benefit of any persons of the Jewish nation" exempted from the provisions of the Act for registering and securing charitable donations (52 Geo. III, c. 102, s. 11). The Places of Religious Worship Act (52 Geo. III, c. 155) repeals the Five Mile Act and the Conventicle Act, &c.

1813. Unitarians admitted to the benefit of the Toleration Act (53 Geo. III, c. 160).

1823. Jewish marriages exempted from the provisions of the Marriage Act (4 Geo. IV, c. 76).

1825. The necessity of taking the sacrament as a preliminary to naturalization abolished (6 Geo. IV. c. 67).

Repeal of the Navigation Act (6 Geo. IV, c. 105).

1826. The temporary Aliens' Acts discontinued, and the system of registration of aliens substituted (7 Geo. IV, c. 54).

1828. Declaration "on the true faith of a Christian" substituted for the sacramental tests imposed by the Corporation and Test Acts (9 Geo. IV, c. 17).

1829. Roman Catholic Relief Act (10 Geo. IV, c. 7).

1830. Mr. Robert Grant's Bill for repealing the civil disabilities of the Jews refused a second reading by the House of Commons. Jews admitted to the freedom of the City of London, and allowed to take the oath on the Old Testament.

1832. The Roman Catholic Charities Act (2 & 3 Will. IV, c. 118). 1833. Mr. Francis Goldsmid called to the Bar.

The Jewish Civil Disabilities Bill passed by the House of Commons, but refused a second reading by the House of Lords. 1834. The Jewish Civil Disabilities Bill again passed by the House of Commons, but refused a second reading by the House of Lords.

1835. Mr. Salomons elected Sheriff of London. The Sheriffs' Declaration Act (5 & 6 Will. IV, c. 28).

Mr. Salomons elected Alderman and unsuccessfully attempts to be admitted.

The Parliamentary Elections Act, 1835, abolishes the power of the presiding officer to administer the abjuration oath to electors (5 & 6 Will. IV, c. 36).

1836. The Registration of Aliens Act (6 & 7 Will. IV, c. 11).

The Jewish Civil Disabilities Bill passed the House of Commons a third time but sent to the Lords too late to receive a second reading.

The Marriage Act (6 & 7 Will. IV, c. 85) and the Registration Act (ibid. c. 86) recognize the validity of Jewish marriages, make special provision as to their registration and give statutory recognition to the London Committee of Deputies of British Jews.

1837. Quakers, Moravians, and Separatists Relief Acts (1 & 2 Vict., c. 5 and c. 15).

Mr. Grote's motion to extend the relief to Jews rejected by the
House of Commons.

1838. The Oaths Act (1 & 2 Vict., c. 105).

1841. Mr. Divett's bill for the admission of Jews to Corporate Offices, known as the Jews' Declaration Bill, passes the House of Commons and receives a second reading in the House of Lords but is refused a third reading.

1844. The system of naturalization by certificate from a Secretary of State introduced by Mr. Hutt's Naturalization Act (7 & 8 Vict., c. 66).

Repeal of the laws against recusants and other penal enactments so far as they affected Roman Catholics.

1845. Act for the relief of persons of the Jewish religion elected to municipal offices (8 & 9 Vict., c. 52).

1846. The Religious Disabilities Act (9 & 10 Vict., c. 59) repeals the laws against recusants and other penal statutes and extends the benefit of the Toleration Act to the Jewish religion (see also 18 & 19 Vict., c. 86, s. 2).

1847. Baron Lionel de Rothschild elected Member of Parliament for the City of London.

1848. Lord John Russell's Jewish Disabilities Bill passes the Commons but is refused a second reading by the Lords.

1849. Lord John Russell's Parliamentary Oaths Bill (altering the

oath in favour of Jews) passed by the Commons but rejected by the Lords.

Baron de Rothschild obtains the Chiltern Hundreds and is re-elected.

1850. Baron de Rothschild unsuccessfully attempts to take his seat in Parliament.

1851. Lord John Russell's Oath of Abjuration (Jew) Bill passed by the Commons but rejected by the Lords.

Mr. David Salomons, having been elected member for Greenwich takes his seat in the House and is forcibly removed.

1852. The case of Miller v. Salomons.

The Disabilities Repeal Act 1852 abolishes the disabilities but not the pecuniary penalties imposed by 1 Geo. I, stat. 2, c. 13, upon persons who should vote in Parliament without having taken the oath.

1853. Lord John Russell's Jewish Disabilities Bill passes the Commons but is rejected by the Lords.

1854. Lord John Russell's Parliamentary Oaths Bill, creating a new oath which Jews could take, refused a second reading in the House of Commons.

Oxford University Reform Act (17 & 18 Vict., c. 81).

1855. Places of Religious Worship Registration Act (18 & 19 Vict., c. 81) makes provision for the registration of Jewish synagogues.

Act for securing the Liberty of Religious Worship (18 & 19 Vict., c. 86).

1856. The Marriage Act (19 & 20 Vict., c. 119) makes special provisions as to Jewish marriages and gives statutory recognition to the West London Synagogue of British Jews.

Cambridge University Reform Act (19 & 20 Vict., c. 88).

Mr. Milner Gibson's Oath of Abjuration Abolition Bill passed by the Commons but rejected by the Lords.

1857. Lord Palmerston's Oaths Bill having passed the Commons by a large majority is rejected by the Lords.

Lord John Russell's Oaths Validity Amendment Bill introduced in the House of Commons but abandoned before the second reading stage.

Baron de Rothschild resigns and is re-elected.

1858. Lord John Russell's Bill "to substitute an oath for the Oaths of Allegiance, Supremacy, and Abjuration, and for the relief

of Her Majesty's subjects professing the Jewish religion"
passes the Commons and receives a second reading in the
Lords, but in committee the clause enabling Jews to omit the
words "
on the true faith of a Christian" is struck out. The
Commons appoint a Committee to confer with the Lords.
Baron de Rothschild is appointed a member of and serves on
the Committee. Lord Lucan's suggestion for compromise
accepted.

The Oaths Act (21 & 22 Vict., c. 48), and the Jewish Relief Act
(21 & 22 Vict., c. 49), the result of the compromise.

Baron de Rothschild sworn as member of the House of
Commons.

1860. Endowed Schools Act (23 & 24 Vict., c. 11).

The Act (23 & 24 Vict., c. 63), enables the House of Commons to make a Standing Order for the swearing in of Jewish members.

1866. Parliamentary Oaths Act (29 & 30 Vict., c. 19) introduces a new

oath to be taken by Members of Parliament not containing the words "on the true faith of a Christian," thus enabling Jews to be sworn in as members of the House of Lords. Qualification for Offices Abolition Act (29 & 30 Vict., c. 22) renders it unnecessary to make and subscribe the Declaration imposed by 9 Geo. IV, c. 17, in lieu of the sacramental test. 1867. Office and Oath Act (30 & 31 Vict., c. 75) (1) throws open the office of Lord Chancellor of Ireland to all subjects. (2) Enables persons holding office to attend any place of worship with the insignia of their office. (3) Substitutes the form of oath created by the Parliamentary Oaths Act of 1866 for that required to be taken by office holders and others.

The last of the Annual Indemnity Acts (30 & 31 Vict., c. 88). 1868. Promissory Oaths Act (31 & 32 Vict., c. 72) introduces new and simpler forms of (1) the oath of allegiance; (2) the official oath; (3) the judicial oath.

The Public Schools Act (31 & 32 Vict., c. 118).

1869. The Endowed Schools Act (32 & 33 Vict., c. 56).

1870. The Naturalization Act (33 & 34 Vict., c. 14).

Elementary Education Act (33 & 34 Vict., c. 75).

1871. The Workshop Regulation Act Amendment Act (34 & 35 Vict., c. 19) permits Sunday labour in the case of young persons and women professing the Jewish religion.

The Universities Tests Act (34 & 35 Vict., c. 26).

t

The Promissory Oaths Act (34 & 35 Vict., c. 48) repeals obsolete
Acts relative to promissory oaths, and removes the disability
of Jews to hold certain high offices imposed by the Jewish
Relief Act of 1858.

The Sunday Observation Prosecution Act (34 & 35 Vict., c. 87)
forbids prosecutions for Sunday labour under the Lord's Day
Act of 1677 except with the consent of the chief officer of the
police district or two magistrates, &c.

1872. The Ballot Act (35 & 36 Vict., c. 33) contains provisions enabling Jews to vote on their Sabbath.

1878. The Factory and Workshop Act (41 Vict., c. 16) continues the permission of Sunday labour by Jews.

1885. Sir Nathaniel de Rothschild created a peer.

1888. The Oaths Act (51 & 52 Vict., c. 46).

1898. Jewish marriages excluded from the provisions of the Marriage Act, 1898 (61 and 62 Vict., c. 58).

1901. The Factory and Workshop Act (1 Edw. VII, c. 22) continues the recognition of the right of Jews to work on Sundays.

1902. The Education Act (2 Edw. VII, c. 42).

1905. The Aliens Act (5 Edw. VII, c. 13).

1906. Jews marrying foreigners in the United Kingdom exempted from the necessity of obtaining a certificate under the Marriage with Foreigners Act (6 Edw. VII, c. 40).