antecedents, the number of those who have made their mark in public life is by no means small. The impression that Jews do not evince sufficient interest in public life can only be accounted for by the fact that they still retain that supremacy in the world of commerce and finance, which they acquired when no other field for their energies was open to them. They fortunately also afford many examples of that world-wide and farseeing philanthropy which does much to reconcile mankind to the great acquisition of wealth by successful financiers. 4 KING'S BENch Walk, TEMPLE, E.C. March, 1908. H. S. Q. HENRIQUES. The English Law has imposed no disabilities upon Jews as such Benefit of the Toleration Act extended to the Jewish religion How Jewish endowments may still be defeated 37 Petition presented Evidence in support of the petition Evidence on behalf of the trustees of the charity New petition presented. Formal judgment on the whole case Comments on Lord Eldon's judgment. Date of the return of the Jews to England. Popular historical and legal theories. Early history of the Jews in England. Saxon times Statutes restricting the Jews' civil rights (3) That the expulsion was by a synod held in London Period between the banishment and the return of the Jews Treaty with Spain, 1630. Spanish crypto-Jews. The Great Rebellion. Ascendancy of the Independents Petition of the Jews of Amsterdam, 1648-9 Modification of the laws against recusancy. Freedom of worship not extended to all Christian sects Continuation of the negotiations with the Jews of Amsterdam The Whitehall Conference, 1655 . Theory that the Committee of the Council of State reported in Theory as to the return of the Jews founded on the proceedings The true bearing of the Robles case Theory that Cromwell gave a special authorization to John Theory founded on the antiquity of the Spanish and Portuguese Cromwell did not grant and had no power to grant special privileges to the Jews in respect of their religion Position at the time of Cromwell's death. Previous intrigues of Menasseh's failure made the Jews of Holland incline to Charles II 119 Commission to Lt.-Gen. Middleton to treat with them First mention of a Jewish synagogue in England No change in the legal status of the Jews till the Restoration The Restoration of the king and Resettlement of the Jews Charles II an advocate of toleration in an intolerant age The Convention Parliament and toleration. The power to issue the Declaration questioned in the Commons. 1664. Threatened attack on the Jews. Petition to the king. Inquiry concerning the Jews ordered by the House of Commons 148 1673. Prosecution of the Jews for meeting for the exercise of Entering a nolle prosequi on an indictment a new way of exercising the Dispensing Power Accession of James II. His religious policy Jews arrested and charged with recusancy. On the petition of Joseph Henriques and others a formal Order Dispute between James II and Parliament concerning the Dis- The struggle transferred to the Law Courts. James issues his Extension of the benefits of the Toleration Acts. Relief from the Test and Corporation Acts. Legislative relief from the penal laws at length given to the Jews 162 Parliament and the Jews. Attempt to lay special taxation upon |