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Dr. William Osler, of Oxford, in an address before the Harvard medical school, said that he believed Harvard medical school to be only half finished, as it had no hospital attachment. There should be a hospital as great as the school, and it should be a part of the university.

The strategic importance of the Howard University school of medicine is emphasized by its close relations with the Freedmen's Hospital, built and equipped at a cost of half a million dollars, and maintained by the Government. The hospital is built on a part of the campus leased to the Government. Hospital clinics are a necessity in modern medical training. This is the only school of medicine for colored people that has adequate hospital facilities.

History. This school of medicine was founded in 1868. Of the early professors, including some of the leading physicians and scientific men of the District, nine of them built into the work of the school of medicine an aggregate of 264 years of service, 1,279 graduates having been sent forth, and their average record for efficiency and usefulness is high. The average attendance for the last two years is 391, representing this year 27 States and 5 foreign countries. During the last two years the students have paid in tuition fees over $53,000. Entrance requirements.-Beginning with the opening of the last scholastic year entrance requirements were enforced, including one full year of college work in chemistry, biology, physics, and German. This has greatly reduced the attendance for the time being, but the rapid advance in entrance requirements during the last several years seems to be justified by the high grades received by graduates before the State boards.

Present buildings and equipment.-The school of medicine now occupies the old Freedmen's Hospital buildings and one of the old wards erected over 40 years ago. The dean estimates that the repairs now needed to put the buildings in condition aggregate over $10,000. While the laboratories have been doubled in capacity and equipment in the last several years, they are altogether inadequate for the nearly 400 students in attendance. Were it not for the new Science Hall, with its modern equipment, we should be unable to meet even in a moderate way the demands of the standards of the Association of American Medical Colleges. And yet the equipment of the great body of physicians who are to largely determine the physical status of the ten and soon to be twenty millions of the Negro race in America is centering in this school.

School of preventive medicine.-While the Rockefeller fund of a million dollars is available for the eradication of the hookworm disease, yet here is the Negro race with tuberculosis, typhoid infection, venereal and other diseases wiping out tens of thousands and lowering the vitality and physical efficiency of a race. their condition is a positive menace to the white race with which it is At the same time so closely bound up. It is a question of national interest. Here is a race, multitudes of whom are still the prey of the voodoo doctors. and conjure men and given to patent nostrums. The pressing need is for the training of men for the instruction of the ignorant and superstitious, men with scientific knowledge and broad views of medicine, men who can put medical knowledge in simple form before the masses, and through preventive medicine raise the vitality of a race that is being decimated by disease.

Tuberculosis, the scourge of the race, endangers also millions of the white race, with whom they live and with whom they are so closely identified. Dr. Booker Washington at the forty-second opening of the Howard University school of medicine gives the situation:

I think we have on a conservative estimate about 3,500 negro physicians in America. We need at least 7,000. That will only give about I to every 7,000 of the people and, as the president has already stated, in the case of the white race, they have 1 to every 500 or 600 of the total population. So you see that we are a long way from the time when we will be overstocked in this country with negro doctors. * * * The success of a negro doctor and the increase of the number of negro doctors is not only a matter of interest to the negro people but to the white people of this country. In many parts of the Southland the colored people are equal in numbers to the white people; in many parts of the Southland the colored people outnumber the white population. In many parts where they live side by side it is the negro who raises the food, who prepares the food, who serves the food. In most cases it is the negro who launders the clothes; it is the negro who nurses the baby; it is the negro who touches the white family at every vital point in the life of that white family in some respect. In other respects there are such fundamental elements in the situation that no color line can be drawn. Filth draws no color line. Immorality draws no color line. If by reason of ignorance of the laws of health the black individual in the community has in his body the germs of consumption, inevitably that black man or black woman will carry those germs into the white family. It is impossible for that negro to handle the white man's food, to touch the white man's child day by day, without the white man being just as much affected by disease as is true of the black race. For all these reasons it is very important that the white people throughout this country should realize the work that Howard University is doing in sending out these negro doctors.

Carnegie Foundation report on the standing of the school.-After careful investigation, the school has received the strong indorsement of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Among other things, the report says:

Howard University Medical College: Organized 1869. Integral part of Howard University.

Entrance requirement: High school or equivalent (now advanced to include one year of college work in chemistry, biology, physics, and a modern language.

Attendance: Two hundred and five (not including students in dentistry and pharmacy), most of them working their way through. The students are practically all colored.

Faculty: Numbers 52, 22 being professors.

Resources: The school budget calls for $40,000, of which $26,000 is supplied by student fees. Though the school has been changed from a night to a day school, the fees increased from $80 to $100, and the admission requirements stiffened, the attendance has, nevertheless, increased.

Laboratory facilities: The laboratories provide adequate facilities in anatomy, pathology, histology, bacteriology, and chemistry. There is no museum.

Clinical facilities: Clinical facilities are provided in the new, thoroughly modern, and adequate Government hospital of 278 free beds, with its dispensary, closely identified with the medical school. A pavilion for contagious diseases is alone lacking. Of the medical schools in Washington, Howard University has a distinct missionthat of training the negro physician-and an assured future. The Government has to some extent been the patron of the institution, and has done its medical department an incalculably great service by the erection of the Freedmen's Hospital. Sound policy-educational as well as philanthropic-recommends that this hospital be made a more intimate part of Howard University so that its students may profit to the utmost by its clinical opportunities. Its usefulness as a hospital in its immediate vicinity will thereby be increased, and its service to the colored race at large will be augmented to the extent that it is used to educate their future physicians. The health of both races is involved in the thorough training of these physicians who are to mold the physical life of 10,000,000 of their people.

Necessity to the Negro race.-Medical students of this race are being gradually crowded out of northern schools. This growing segregation of the races emphasizes the present need of a modern, wellequipped school of medicine for the Negro race.

The physician is the only man of science among the colored people. In the judgment of leading physicians and careful scientists, the Howard University school of medicine offers an opportunity unparalleled in America for the physical, social, and moral betterment of the Negro race. In the erection of modern buildings, with up-todate equipment, with research laboratories, and other facilities, an opportunity is given to do a work that will do more to cleanse and elevate a race of millions and safeguard the 20,000,000 of white people among whom they live than is offered in any other single institution in the Nation.

Of these, 28 received the degree of M. D., 17 received the degree of D. D. S., and 8 received the degree of Phar. D.

THE SCHOOL OF LAW.

Its

This is the only school of law in the nation, with adequate faculty and equipment, open especially to the colored race. The school is under the direction of a faculty of judicial and able men. courses of study are broad and practical. It aims to send out wellequipped men who shall be able, in a wise and sympathetic way, to direct the people who may seek their counsel. The advancement of the Negro race in their holdings of property in the towns as well as in the country districts, and in the establishment of commercial, banking, manufacturing, and other enterprises, opens broad fields of useful service to the graduates of this school. The subjects taught and the methods of instruction are similar to those of modern schools of law.

THE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY.

The school of theology is supported in no degree by Congress, but through endowment and special gifts. It requires no doctrinal tests, is interdenominational, and welcomes all who are preparing for greater efficiency in moral and religious work.

The branches taught are the Scriptures in the original, the English Bible, biblical history and antiquities, systematic theology, church history, homiletics, Christian missions, pastoral theology, moral philosophy, natural theology, evidences of Christianity, elocution,

rhetoric, and vocal music. There are three courses-a classical and an English day course and a night English course. Only those in the classical course study the Scriptures in the original.

Various denominations are represented among the teachers and students, and all work in harmony. Three teachers give all their time to the work and two part of the time.

Of these, 6 received the degree of B. D., 10 received diplomas, and 8 received testimonials.

THE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS.

The importance of such a school as this, offering the instruction of strong faculties and the help of well-equipped laboratories and facilities for thorough work in the liberal arts and sciences, is indicated by the fact that during the last 40 years an average of only 75 regular college graduates have been sent forth annually for teaching and leadership among the colored people. The number of students in the college courses in Howard University is greater than the combined enrollment of the college students in all other colored schools in the Nation.

The faculty of the school of liberal arts consists of the officers of instruction of the college of arts and sciences and the teachers' college, whose work is of collegiate grade. Applicants for admission to the freshman class must present at least 15 units, the same entrance requirements as those of the leading colleges of the country. By a unit of secondary work is meant a course of study of one year's duration with recitations of not less than 45 minutes four times a week for a term of not less than 36 weeks. All periods in the several departments of Howard University are 60 minutes.

English.....
Mathematics..

History..

Physics...

Chemistry.

Biology.
Greek..

List of entrance units from which 15 units may be presented.

THE COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES.

The college of arts and sciences is the department of the university specifically devoted to the pursuit of liberal studies. In facilities and appliances of instruction, in extent and variety of its courses, and in thoroughness and efficiency of teaching this department is keeping abreast of the approved standards in the collegiate world.

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION.

There are 13 chairs whose courses cover the usual branches of the modern college. The program of study includes courses in astronomy, Bible, botany, chemistry, commercial geography, commercial law, economics, English language, English literature, ethics, French, geology, German, Greek, history, international law, Latin, logic, mathematics, pedagogy, philosophy, physics, political economy, psychology, sociology, Spanish, and zoology.

These courses are divided into (1) the arts group and (2) the science group. The science group has been arranged to meet the needs of those whose special tastes lie in this field as well as those looking forward to the pursuit of medicine, engineering, agriculture, and science teaching.

This college is the department for the study of educational science and the training of teachers. The purpose of the college is to afford opportunity, both theoretical and practical, for the training of teachers of both sexes for elementary and secondary schools, and by instruction and direction to help those who desire to pursue studies and investigations in the science of education.

The work aims (1) to acquaint the students with those principles and practices of education which have changed the methods of secular schools and placed them upon a simple and more effective basis; (2) to lay broad culture in the student himself; and (3) to create a spirit of enthusiastic devotion to the highest of all workthe instruction of the child. The practice school is the laboratory of the department. Members of the senior class give instruction one year as a part of their required training.

The following subjects are taught: Teachers' course in English, physiology, zoology, physiography, physics, nature study, history, gymnastics, Bible, elocution, psychology (elementary and descriptive), history of pedagogy, history of philosophy, ethics, philosophy of education, methods of teaching, and kindergarten methods,

11355°-INT 1911-VOL 1--35